Xác định các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến thu nhập và chi tiêu của các hộ dân tộc thiểu số tại Tây Bắc: trường hợp tại huyện Lục Yên, tỉnh Yên Bái

Chuyên mục: Thông tin & Trao đổi - TẠP CHÍ KINH TẾ & QUẢN TRỊ KINH DOANH SỐ 07(2018) MỤC LỤC Chỉ số ISSN: 2525 – 2569 Số 07, tháng 09 năm 2018 Chuyên mục: THÔNG TIN & TRAO ĐỔI Trần Chí Thiện - Kinh nghiệm và giải pháp phát triển bền vững du lịch cộng đồng cho miền núi Việt Nam ............................................................................................................................................................. 2 Trần Thị Kim Anh, Trần Thị Bình An - Chế độ hưu trí - Kinh nghiệm của một số quốc gia và kiến nghị ............................................................................................................................................................. 7 Lê Ngọc Nƣơng, Đỗ Hoàng Yến - Các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến phát triển doanh nghiệp công nghiệp tại thị xã Phổ Yên, tỉnh Thái Nguyên ............................................................................................................ 12 Chuyên mục: KINH TẾ & QUẢN LÝ Tống Thị Kim Hoàn, Nguyễn Thị Thúy Linh, Nguyễn Hải Nam - Cải cách thủ tục hành chính lĩnh vực tài nguyên và môi trường tại Trung tâm hành chính công tỉnh Bắc Ninh .......................................... 16 Dƣơng Hoài An, Đào Quang Dũng, Đỗ Xuân Luận, Trần Quốc Tuấn - Xác định các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến thu nhập và chi tiêu của các hộ dân tộc thiểu số tại Tây Bắc: Trường hợp tại huyện Lục Yên, tỉnh Yên Bái .............................................................................................................................................. 22 Đỗ Anh Tài, Phạm Thị Thanh Mai - Thực trạng phát triển nông nghiệp tỉnh Bắc Ninh những năm gần đây ............................................................................................................................................................. 28 Nguyễn Thành Luân, Trần Nhật Tân, Hà Văn Thắng, Đỗ Trƣờng Sơn - Các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến phát triển kinh tế hộ gia đình b ng ch ng t điều tra hộ gia đình tại tỉnh Lào Cai................................... 36 Trần Văn Dũng, Ngô Tất Thắng - Tăng cường quản lý vốn đầu tư công trong lĩnh vực nông lâm nghiệp tại tỉnh Sơn La ............................................................................................................................... 42 Nguyễn Tiến Long, Lục Mạnh Thiếp - Tăng cường phòng, chống buôn lậu và gian lận thương mại ở tỉnh Bắc Kạn ............................................................................................................................................. 49 Dƣơng Hoài An, Cù A Gia, Đỗ Xuân Luận, Nông Ngọc Hƣng - Đánh giá hiệu quả của các hộ trồng mận tam hoa tại huyện Bắc Hà tỉnh Lào Cai: B ng ch ng t chỉ số Malmquist ...................................... 58 Chuyên mục: QUẢN TRỊ KINH DOANH & MARKETING Nguyễn Văn Công, Nguyễn Thị Thu Huyền - Phát triển doanh nghiệp nông, lâm nghiệp ở tỉnh Bắc Kạn ............................................................................................................................................................ 66 Đàm Văn Khanh - Các nhân tố ảnh hưởng tới hành vi tiêu dùng xe đạp điện của học sinh phổ thông và sinh viên ............................................................................................................................................... 72 Phạm Văn Hạnh, Nguyễn Thị Thu Hà - Ảnh hưởng của hành vi khách hàng đến việc kiểm soát cảm xúc của nhân viên – Ảnh hưởng tương tác của chuẩn mực xã hội ........................................................... 78 Chuyên mục: TÀI CHÍNH - NGÂN HÀNG Nguyễn Thị Minh Châu, Nguyễn Thanh Trực, Lê Thị Ngọc Anh - Hoạt động giám sát giao dịch trên thị trường ch ng khoán phái sinh tại Việt Nam ........................................................................................ 82 Nguyễn Thanh Minh, Nguyễn Văn Thông, Lƣơng Ngọc Sơn - Giải pháp và cơ chế chính sách nh m thu hút vốn đầu tư tại huyện Sa Pa tỉnh Lào Cai ....................................................................................... 88 Đinh Thị Vững, Nguyễn Thị Ngân - Ảnh hưởng của môi trường đầu tư tới thu hút vốn đầu tư trực tiếp nước ngoài vào tỉnh Thái Nguyên ............................................................................................................ 95 Tạp chí Kinh tế và Quản trị Kinh doanh Journal of Economics and Business Administration Chuyên mục: Kinh tế & Quản lý - TẠP CHÍ KINH TẾ & QUẢN TRỊ KINH DOANH SỐ 07 (2018) 22 XÁC ĐỊNH CÁC YẾU TỐ ẢNH HƢỞNG ĐẾN THU NHẬP VÀ CHI TIÊU CỦA CÁC HỘ DÂN TỘC THIỂU SỐ TẠI TÂY BẮC: TRƢỜNG HỢP TẠI HUYỆN LỤC YÊN, TỈNH YÊN BÁI Dƣơng Hoài An1, Đào Quang Dũng2, Đỗ Xuân Luận3, Trần Quốc Tuấn4 Tóm tắt Trong nghiên cứu này chúng tôi thu thập số liệu từ các cuộc phỏng vấn trực tiếp với 90 hộ gia đình tại ba xã của huyện trong năm 2017 và sử dụng phương pháp hồi quy đa biến để xác định các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến thu nhập và chi tiêu của hộ. Kết quả cho thấy khả năng chi tiêu, đầu tư và tiền mặt ảnh hưởng rõ rệt và có ý nghĩa cao về mặt thống kê đến thu nhập của hộ, trong khi thu nhập và diện tích canh tác có tác động tích cực đến khả năng chi tiêu của hộ. Từ khoá: Thu nhập, chi tiêu, hộ gia đình, hồi quy đa biến, Yên Bái, Việt Nam DETERMINANTS OF HOUSEHOLD INCOME AND CONSUMPTION IN THE NORTH WEST OF VIETNAM: THE CASE OF ETHNIC MINORITY HOUSEHOLDS IN LUC YEN DISTRICT, YEN BAI PROVINCE Abstract The current study uses surveyed data from 90 households in Luc Yen district, Yen Bai province and the OLS method to examine key determinants of household income and consumption of ethnic minority households. The results show that consumption and cash significantly (at one per cent level) drive household income. In addition, income and agricultural land are the key drivers of household expenditure. Keywords: Income, consumption, households, multiple regressions, OLS, Yen Bai, Vietnam. 1. Introduction Ethnic minority groups account for approximately 75 per cent of the population in the North West of Vietnam including Luc Yen district in Yen Bai province. Yen Bai is one of the poorest provinces among those in the North West. Particularly, poverty rates in the province in 2014, 2015 and 2016 were 21.4, 19.7 and 17.5 per cent, respectively while those in Vietnam were 8.4, 7.0 and 5.8 per cent, respectively (GSO, 2019). The majority of the ethnic minority groups reside in the province is poor and identifying determinants of their income and consumption is essential to heop eliminate poverty (Tung, Cuong, Thinh, Nhung, & Van, 2017; Yen Bai Province, 2019). The current study uses data obtained from face-to-face interviews with ethnic minority households in Luc Yen district in Yen Bai province and use the multiple regression approach to identify the key determinants of household income and consumption. The structure of this paper is organised as follows: Section 2 reviews previous studies on determinants of income and consumption of households in both Vietnam and international. Methodology, data, and variable description are discussed in Section 3 whilst results and discussions are presented in Section 4 and Section 5 concludes. 2. Literature review There has been a number of studies examined determinants of household income or consumption or both (known as “Living Standards”) in both international and Vietnam context. These are briefly reviewed as follows. Escobal (2001) used the Living Standard Measurement Studies surveyed during 1985 and 1997 to examine the determinant of non-farm income diversification in rural areas of Peru. The dependent variable was the net income shares while the independent variables included input and output prices, value of fixed assets, and householder and household characteristics. The results showed that family size, householder education, householder experience, access to electricity, livestock, land size, distance to market, local market size and local land productivity had a significant impact on household income diversification. The significance level ranged from five to one per cent. Balisacan, Pernia, and Estrada (2003) constructed a panel data set from Vietnam Living Standard Surveys during 1992-1993 and 1997- 1998 to identify determinants of the welfare of the poor in Vietnam. The results showed that the householder age had a positive impact on Chuyên mục: Kinh tế & Quản lý - TẠP CHÍ KINH TẾ & QUẢN TRỊ KINH DOANH SỐ 07 (2018) 23 household income, significant at one per cent level. Female householder generated more income than their male counterparts, significant at one per cent level. Both the household size and number of dependants had a negative impact on household income and the significance level was at one and five per cent, respectively. Nguyen, Linh, and Nguyen (2013) used data from the Urban Poverty Surveys conducted in Ha Noi and Ho Chi Minh cities in 2009 to examine the determinants of urban poverty in Vietnam. The dependent variable included the household income and consumption. The independent variables included the individual and household characteristics. The results showed that the number of dependants (only below 15 years of age), household size, motorbike ownership, per capita living area, householder age, householder education, householder occupation had a significant impact on household income or consumption or both income and consumption. Khan (1993) used longitudinal data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey and OLS and quintile regression models to inspect the income determinants of household in rural areas of China. The data were extracted from four waves, 2000, 2004, 2006 and 2009. The results generated from both models showed that the impact of householder education, occupation, marital status, gender and age was statistically significant during the study period. To the best of the authors‟ knowledge, there has not been any study to inspect the determinants of household income and consumption in ethnic minority households in the North West of Vietnam. 3. Methodology, data and variable selection 3.1. Methodology The current study uses the following multiple regression model and the ordinary least square (OLS) approach to inspect the determinants of household income and consumption: where: Yi is the household income or consumption of the i th household; X1i is a vector of the householder characteristics of the i th household; X2i is a vector of the household characteristics of the i th household. Multiple regression analysis is more amenable to ceteris paribus analysis because it allows researchers to explicitly control for many other factors that simultaneously affect the dependent variable. This is important both for testing economic theories and for evaluating policy effects when researchers must rely on non-experimental data. Since multiple regression models can accommodate many explanatory variables that may be correlated, researchers can hope to infer causality in cases where simple regression analysis would be misleading. Naturally, if more variables are added to the model that are useful for explaining y, then more of the variation in y can be explained. Thus, multiple regression analysis can be used to build better models for predicting the dependent variable. An additional advantage of multiple regression analysis is that it can incorporate fairly general functional form relationships. In the simple regression model, only one function of a single explanatory variable can appear in the equation, or in other words, the multiple regression model allows for much more flexibility (Wooldridge, 2012). The most recognised advantage of OLS is that it is simple and straightforward. However, the OLS approach requires assumptions such as the Zero Conditional Mean and the Homoskedasticity. In addition, the results may be biased due to including irrelevant variables in the model or in contrast relevant variables are omitted from the model. Also, the multicollinearity issue should be considered (Baltagi, 2011; Verbeek, 2004). These challenges can be mitigated by testing the model with various approaches. 3.2. Data source and description Data are collected in 2017 from face-to-face interviews with 90 ethnic minority households in three communes representing three geographical and economic zones in the district. These communes include Khanh Hoa (poor commune), Minh Tien (poor commune) and Yen Thang (non-poor commune). In each commune, 30 households are randomly selected from a list provided by the local authorities. The data set contains a number of the householder and household characteristics. These characteristics are described in Table 1 below. Chuyên mục: Kinh tế & Quản lý - TẠP CHÍ KINH TẾ & QUẢN TRỊ KINH DOANH SỐ 07 (2018) 24 Table 1: Descriptive Statistics of Selected Variables Variable Mean S. D. a Min Max Householder age (years) 48.58 12.43 24.00 86.00 Householder gender (1=male, 0=otherwise) N/A N/A N/A N/A Householder ethnicity (1="Kinh", 0=otherwise) N/A N/A N/A N/A Householder education (schooling years) 6.99 2.77 2.00 12.00 Training participation of householder (1=yes, 0=otherwise) N/A N/A N/A N/A Number of dependants (persons) 1.31 0.92 0.00 4.00 Household poverty status (1=poor, 0=otherwise) N/A N/A N/A N/A Annual household income (VND millions) 80.44 41.50 4.80 240.00 Annual household expenditure (VND millions) 66.00 29.57 4.80 190.00 Cash in hand (VND millions) 14.50 15.52 0.00 80.00 Cultivation land size (hectares) 1.36 1.21 0.00 6.40 Number of livestock (heads) 1.02 1.04 0.00 4.00 Number of poultry (heads) 72.11 54.90 0.00 300.00 Value of working machinery & assets (VND millions) 4.70 6.42 0.00 26.00 Access to electricity (years) 18.19 2.75 10.00 23.00 Distance to nearest bank (km) 9.00 5.32 1.00 16.00 Distance to nearest market (km) 2.51 0.91 0.90 5.00 Distance to nearest concrete/tarred road (km) 0.15 0.27 0.01 1.20 Irrigated cultivation area (squared metres) 1,128.02 650.88 0.00 3,000.00 Sources of information (1=TV/radio/Internet, 0=otherwise) N/A N/A N/A N/A Note. a Standard Deviation. Source: Author’s calculations from surveyed data. On average, a householder is almost 49 years old and spends almost seven years in school. The number of dependents in a family is approximately one person. A household earns VND 80,440,000 per annum and spends 66,000,000 annually. A household has 1.36 hectares of cultivation land, approximately one livestock and 72 poultry heads. A family in the sample has had approximately 18 years access to electricity. The distance to the nearest bank, market and concrete/tarred road is 9, 2.51 and 0.15 kilometres, respectively. The dependent variables include annual income and consumption, measured in VND millions. These variables are believed to be effected by a number of independent variables such as the householder age (measured in years). A household led by a younger or older or ethnic householder may not generate as much income as that led by a mid-age or a “Kinh” householder. Similarly a household led by a male (takes a value of one) householder may generate more income that that led by a female (takes a value of zero). A householder with a higher level of education (measured in schooling years) or participates (takes a value of one) in training courses is expected to lead the family to generate more income that a householder with a lower level of education or who does not participate (takes a value of zero) in any training courses. The number of dependents is believed to hinder the ability of generating income of the family. The larger cultivation land or the more livestock or poultry heads the more income the family can generate but also the higher level of spending. The more the family invests in working machines or assets the more income the family can generate. The shorter the distance (measured in kilometres) from the nearest bank or market or concrete or tarred road, the less expenditure the family has to spend, hence the more income it can generate. A family that has additional information sources (1=TV/radio/the Internet) is believed to be able to generate more income. Since data distribution of a number of variables are not normal, natural log form is applied where is applicable. Chuyên mục: Kinh tế & Quản lý - TẠP CHÍ KINH TẾ & QUẢN TRỊ KINH DOANH SỐ 07 (2018) 25 Table 2: Determinants of Household Income Income (natural log) Entire sample Khanh Hoa Minh Tien Yen Thang Coef. a p-value Coef. p-value Coef. p-value Coef. p-value Householder age (natural log) -0.0535 0.0750 - 0.0137 0.8590 0.1085 0.0810 0.0411 0.8130 Householder gender -0.0125 0.3870 0.0419 0.3960 0.0136 0.4620 - 0.0214 0.5390 Education of the householder (schooling years) 0.0027 0.2990 0.0124 0.0590 0.0068 0.5760 0.0061 0.4550 Training participation of the householder (1=yes, 0=otherwise) 0.0001 0.9950 0.0178 0.6820 -0.0030 0.8370 - 0.0147 0.5750 Dependants -0.0062 0.2980 - 0.0642 0.0080 0.0119 0.5680 - 0.0022 0.8400 Household poverty status (1=yes, 0=otherwise) 0.0168 0.5170 0.0479 0.4560 omitted omitted 0.0857 0.2590 Annual household expenditure (natural log) 0.8273 0.0000 0.8996 0.0000 0.8977 0.0000 0.8390 0.0000 Cash in hand (natural log) 0.1787 0.0000 0.1575 0.0000 0.1492 0.0250 0.1898 0.0010 Cultivation land size (hectares) 0.0103 0.1110 0.0315 0.0640 -0.0060 0.7760 - 0.0103 0.6680 Number of livestock heads (heads) -0.0012 0.8590 - 0.0187 0.3020 0.0236 0.2370 - 0.0126 0.3450 Number of poultry heads (natural log) 0.0045 0.6390 - 0.0162 0.5050 -0.0123 0.8120 0.0007 0.9800 Value of working machinery & assets (VND millions) 0.0002 0.8780 - 0.0034 0.3620 -0.0024 0.3030 0.0014 0.5550 Access to electricity (years) 0.0008 0.7460 0.0013 0.8770 0.0026 0.6020 0.0034 0.7320 Distance to the nearest bank (km) -0.0000 0.9980 - 0.0082 0.3080 -0.0176 0.6660 - 0.0382 0.3620 Distance to the nearest market (km) -0.0161 0.0230 - 0.0062 0.7590 -0.0229 0.3670 - 0.0433 0.3440 Distance to the nearest concrete/tarred road (km) -0.0271 0.2310 - 0.1106 0.0380 -0.0974 0.8120 - 0.0058 0.9560 Irrigated cultivation land size (natural log) 0.0003 0.9550 0.0643 0.3110 -0.0469 0.0830 0.0051 0.4830 Source of information (1=TV/radio/Internet, 0=otherwise) -0.0125 0.6750 omitted omitted omitted omitted 0.0082 0.8460 Constant 0.5988 0.0000 - 0.2235 0.6720 0.2866 0.2360 0.2353 0.5890 Note. a Coefficient. Source: Author’s calculations from surveyed data. 4. Results and discussion 4.1. Determinants of household income As expected, the impact of expenditure and cash on income is statistically significant (at one per cent). For example, a one per cent increase in expenditure and cash is associated with almost 83 and approximately 18 per cent increase in income, respectively. This trend is consistent among the communes when the sample is split into sub- samples. In contrast, an additional kilometre increase in the distance to the nearest bank is associated with almost two per cent decrease in Chuyên mục: Kinh tế & Quản lý - TẠP CHÍ KINH TẾ & QUẢN TRỊ KINH DOANH SỐ 07 (2018) 26 income, significant at five per cent. The impact of other variables on household income is not as expected. As addressed previously, the OLS approach with cross-sectional data may not be able to reflect all the impact. Table 3: Determinants of Household Expenditure Expenditure (natural log) Entire sample Khanh Hoa Minh Tien Yen Thang Coef. a p-value Coef. p-value Coef. p-value Coef. p-value Householder age (natural log) 0.1166 0.0670 -0.0008 0.9960 -0.0401 0.8530 0.1829 0.1530 Householder gender (1=male, 0=otherwise) 0.0302 0.3710 0.0238 0.8050 -0.0026 0.9740 -0.0466 0.4550 Householder education (schooling years) -0.0063 0.3120 -0.0191 0.0680 0.0057 0.7860 0.0130 0.3570 Householder training participation (1=yes, 0=otherwise) 0.0012 0.9680 -0.0897 0.3180 0.0190 0.7620 -0.0348 0.4760 Number of dependants (persons) 0.0180 0.2050 0.0330 0.2970 0.0023 0.9610 0.0356 0.1350 Household poverty status (1=yes, 0=otherwise) -0.0277 0.6280 -0.0388 0.7640 0.0318 0.8370 -0.0441 0.7240 Annual income (natural log) 0.9001 0.0000 0.8128 0.0000 0.6942 0.0000 0.8953 0.0000 Cultivation land size (hectares) 0.0522 0.0010 0.0775 0.0050 0.0416 0.4040 0.0609 0.0850 Number of livestock heads (heads) 0.0106 0.5280 0.0253 0.4950 -0.0118 0.8510 0.0392 0.1720 Number of poultry heads (natural log) 0.0438 0.0390 0.0098 0.8120 0.1019 0.2570 0.0451 0.1650 Value of working machinery & assets (VND millions) -0.0023 0.3810 -0.0018 0.7880 0.0011 0.9170 -0.0006 0.8960 Access to electricity (years) -0.0039 0.5440 -0.0156 0.3550 -0.0008 0.9580 -0.0032 0.8380 Distance to nearest bank (km) 0.0054 0.0500 0.0181 0.2300 0.0091 0.8810 0.0425 0.4530 Distance to nearest market (km) 0.0321 0.0590 0.0369 0.3390 0.0035 0.9710 0.0172 0.8230 Distance to nearest concrete/tarred road (km) -0.0176 0.7430 0.0727 0.4510 0.8433 0.3620 -0.1928 0.3410 Irrigated cultivation area (natural log) 0.0025 0.8440 0.1997 0.0610 0.1387 0.0940 -0.0112 0.4500 Source of information (1=TV/radio/Internet, 0=otherwise) 0.0181 0.8170 omitted omitted omitted omitted -0.0771 0.3940 Constant -0.2273 0.4870 -0.3168 0.7660 0.0762 0.9410 -0.3880 0.4140 Note. a Coefficient. Source: Author’s calculations from surveyed data. 4.2. Determinants of household expenditure As expected, the impact of income and land size on household expenditure is statistically significant (at one per cent). Particularly, a one per cent increase in household income or an additional increase in cultivation land size is associated with approximately 90 and five per cent increase in household expenditure. The longer the distance to the nearest bank or market the more the family has to spend. For example, an additional one kilometre increase in the distance to the nearest bank or market is associated with a half and approximately three per cent increase in household spending, significant at five and ten per cent, respectively. Chuyên mục: Kinh tế & Quản lý - TẠP CHÍ KINH TẾ & QUẢN TRỊ KINH DOANH SỐ 07 (2018) 27 The impact of other variables on household expenditure is not statistically significant. 5. Conclusion The current study uses surveyed data from 90 households in three communes in Luc Yen district, Yen Bai province and the OLS method to examine determinants of household income and consumption of ethnic minority households. The results show that consumption and cash significantly (at one per cent level) drive household income. In addition, the impact of income and cultivation land size on household expenditure is significant at one per cent level. Further studies with panel data with longer timeframe should shed more light on the determinants of income and consumption. REFERENCE [1]. Balisacan, A. M., Pernia, E. M., & Estrada, G. E. B. (2003). Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction in Viet Nam. In Poverty, Growth, and Institutions in Developing Asia (pp. 273-296): Springer. [2]. Baltagi, B. H. (2011). Econometrics (Fifth ed.): Springer. [3]. Escobal, J. (2001). The Determinants of Nonfarm Income Diversification in Rural Peru. World Development, 29(3), 497-508. [4]. GSO. (2019). Povery Rate by Region. Retrieved from [5]. Khan, A. R. (1993). The Determinants of Household Income in Rural China. In The distribution of income in China (pp. 95-115): Springer. [6]. Nguyen, C., Linh, V., & Nguyen, T. (2013). Urban Poverty in Vietnam: Determinants and Policy Implications. International Journal of Development Issues, 12(2), 110-139. [7]. Tung, P. D., Cuong, N. V., Thinh, N. C., Nhung, N. T., & Van, T. T. K. (2017). An Overview of Economic and Social Situations of 53 Ethnic Minority Groups in Vietnam. Retrieved from [8]. Verbeek, M. (2004). A Guide to Modern Econometrics (2nd ed.): John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [9]. Wooldridge, J. (2012). Introductory Econometrics: A modern Approach: Michigan State University. [10]. Yen Bai Province. (2019). Yen Bai portal. Retrieved from do.aspx?idmap=h864a61bdc64544fb96a064e587971fdd Thông tin tác giả: 1. Dƣơng Hoài An - Đơn vị công tác: Trường ĐH Nông Lâm Thái Nguyên - Địa chỉ email: duonghoaian@tuaf.edu.vn 2. Đào Quang Dũng - Đơn vị công tác: Phòng Tổ ch c và Nội vụ - Huyện Lục Yên, tỉnh Yên Bái 3. Đỗ Xuân Luận - Đơn vị công tác: Trường ĐH Nông Lâm Thái Nguyên 4. Trần Quốc Tuấn - Đơn vị công tác: Phòng Kiểm tra và Thanh tra, tổ 4 thị trấn Lục Yên, huyện Lục Yên, tỉnh Yên Bái Ngày nhận bài: 10/08/2018 Ngày nhận bản sửa: 22/09/2018 Ngày duyệt đăng: 28/09/2018 Journal of Economics and Business Administration - TUEBA 100 TABLE OF CONTENTS ISSN: 2525 – 2569 No. 7, 2018 Tran Chi Thien - Experience and solutions to sustainable community based tourism for the mountainous regions of Viet Nam .............................................................................................................. 2 Tran Thi Kim Anh, Tran Thi Binh An - The retirement insurance – Experience of some countries and recommendations ........................................................................................................................................ 7 Le Ngoc Nƣơng, Đo Hoang Yen - Factors affecting the development of industrial enterprises in Pho Yen town, Thai Nguyên province ............................................................................................................. 12 Tong Thi Kim Hoan, Nguyen Thi Thuy Linh, Nguyen Hai Nam - The reform of adiministrative procedures in natural resources and environment sector at the Bac Ninh public administration center ... 16 Dƣơng Hoai An, Đao Quang Dung, Đo Xuan Luan, Tran Quoc Tuan - Determinants of household income and consumption in the north west of Vietnam: The case of ethnic minority households in Luc Yen district, Yen Bai province .................................................................................................................. 22 Đo Anh Tai, Phạm Thi Thanh Mai - Situation of agricultural development in Bac Ninh province in recent years ............................................................................................................................................... 28 Nguyen Thanh Luan, Tran Nhat Tan, Ha Van Thang, Đo Truong Son - Determinants of economic development of households: Evidence from household survey in districts of Lao Cai province ............ 36 Tran Van Dung, Ngo Tat Thang - Enhancing management of public investment in agriculture and forestry sector in Son La province ............................................................................................................ 42 Nguyen Tien Long, Luc Manh Thiep - Strengthening prevention and fight against smuggling and trade fraud in Bac Kan province ........................................................................................................................ 49 Duong Hoai An, Cu A Gia, Đo Xuan Luan, Nong Ngoc Hung - Assessing the efficiency of Tam hoa plum growers in Bac Ha district, Lao Cai province: Evidence from malmquist indices .......................... 58 Nguyen Van Cong, Nguyen Thi Thu Huyen - Development of agricultural and forestry enterprises in Bac Kan province ...................................................................................................................................... 66 Đam Van Khanh - Factors affecting the behavior of high school and undergraduate students on consumption of electric bicycle ................................................................................................................ 72 Pham Van Hanh, Nguyen Thi Thu Ha - The effects of customers‟ attitudes and behaviors on employees‟ emotions at service firms in Thai Nguyen city ...................................................................... 78 Nguyen Thi Minh Chau, Nguyen Thanh Truc, Le Thi Ngoc Anh - Transaction monitoring activities on the derivatives market in Vietnam ....................................................................................................... 82 Nguyen Thanh Minh, Nguyen Van Thong, Luong Ngoc Son - Solutions and mechanism, policy recomendation to attract investment capital in Sa Pa district of Lao Cai province .................................. 88 Đinh Thi Vung, Nguyen Thi Ngan - The influence of investment environment on attracting foreign direct investment into Thai Nguyen province .......................................................................................... 95