Kế toán, kiểm toán - Chapter eighteen: Reports on audited financial statements

Reports on Audited Financial StatementsChapter EighteenAudit Report with an Unmodified OpinionThe audit report with an unmodified opinion is issued when the financial statements conform to the applicable financial reporting framework.Nine ElementsReport titleAddresseeIntroductory paragraphManagement’s responsibilityAuditor’s responsibilityAuditor’s opinion Auditor’s signatureAudit report dateAuditor’s addressAudit Report with an Unmodified Opinion Emphasis of Matter Paragraph and Other Matter ParagraphAn emphasis of matter paragraph does not affect the auditor’s opinion because it can only be included in the audit report if the matter is appropriately presented or disclosed in the financial statements. An other matter paragraph does not affect the auditor’s opinion because it relates to a matter other than those required to be presented or disclosed in the financial statements. Emphasis of Matter Paragraph A matter, although appropriately presented or disclosed in the financial statements, that is of such importance that it is fundamental to users’ understanding of the financial statementsThe emphasis of matter paragraph is included immediately after the opinion paragraph in the audit report and the heading ‘Emphasis of Matter’ is ordinarily used. The paragraph includes a clear reference to the matter being emphasized and to where relevant disclosures that fully describe the matter can be found in the financial statements. The auditor should indicate that the auditor’s opinion is not modified in respect of the matter emphasized. Emphasis of Matter Paragraph for Going-Concern Problems Emphasis of Matter Paragraph An emphasis of matter paragraph is used only if the matter is of such importance that it is fundamental to users’ understanding of the financial statements. Auditing standards give these examples:An uncertainty relating to the future outcome of exceptional litigation or regulatory action.Early application (where permitted) of a new accounting standard that has a pervasive effect on the financial statements in advance of its effective date.A major catastrophe that has had, or continues to have, a significant effect on the entity’s financial position.Other Matter ParagraphThe term ‘other matter’ is used because the matter communicated is a matter other than those that are presented or disclosed in the financial statements. The other matter must relate to the understanding of the audit, the auditor’s responsibilities or the auditor’s report. An other matter paragraph is headed ‘Other Matter’ and the paragraph is included in the audit report immediately after the opinion paragraph and any emphasis of matter paragraph.Other Matter ParagraphConditions of ModificationScope LimitationAuditor’s inability to obtain sufficient appropriateevidenceThe financial statements are prepared or presented in a manner that conflicts with the applicable financial reporting frameworkDeparture from the Applicable Financial Reporting FrameworkAudit Reports with Modified OpinionQualified‘except for’DisclaimerAdverseEffect of Materiality and PervasivenessScope Limitation –  Disclaimer of Opinion Scope Limitation –  Qualified Opinion Departure from Applicable Financial Reporting Framework – Qualified Opinion Departure from Applicable Financial Reporting Framework– Adverse Opinion Special Reporting Issues Reports on comparative information. Other information in documents containing audited financial statements.Reports on specialized areas.Reports on Comparative Financial InformationCorresponding figures are comparative information where amounts and other disclosures for the prior periods are an integral part of the current-period financial statements, and are intended to be read only in relation to current-period figures.Comparative financial statements are considered separate financial statements and are included for comparison with the financial statements of the current period.Corresponding Figures –  Audit Report with a Qualified OpinionComparative Financial Statements – Audit Report with an Unmodified OpinionOther Information in Documents Containing Audited Financial StatementsAnnual ReportsThe auditor has no responsibility beyond the financial information contained in the report, and he or she has no obligation to perform any audit procedures to corroborate the other information. However, the auditor is required to read the other information and consider whether it is consistent with the information contained in the audited financial statements.Report on a Material InconsistencyReporting on Specialized AreasReporting on financial statements prepared in accordance with a special purpose framework.Reporting on single financial statements or elements of a financial statement.Reporting on summary financial statements.Special Purpose FrameworksCash BasisRegulatory BasisContract BasisTax BasisAudit Report on Financial Statements prepared on a Tax BasisA Single Financial Statements or Elements of Financial StatementsIn some situations an auditor may be engaged to audit a single financial statement, specified elements, accounts, or items of the financial statements.General Purpose FrameworkSpecial Purpose FrameworkBasis of AccountingReporting on Summary Financial StatementsEnd of Chapter 18