Âm nhạc - Chapter 1: Jazz tenth edition

JazzTenth EditionChapter 1PowerPointbySharon Ann Toman, 2004An OverviewJazz is defined as a balance between the individual voices that constitute an ensemble and the collective expression unique to that ensembleJazz is a history of performers more than composers2Chapter 1 - Listening to JazzAn OverviewEarly onall music that was not clearly classical was generally considered jazzJazz was often called “America’s classical music”Jazz was the 1st to claim a dominant foothold in the American identity.3Chapter 1 - Listening to JazzAn OverviewJazz: was a blend of musical and cultural events like:African oral tradition of the Negro slave culturePractices from the Western European musical traditionUrban and rural folk musicWhite and black church music practicesSongs of “Tin Pan Alley”.the “Roaring Twenties”4Chapter 1 - Listening to JazzAn OverviewJazz: was a blend of musical and cultural events like:Marching bandsJug bandsReligious fervor of the Great AwakeningHopelessness of slavery5Chapter 1 - Listening to JazzUnderstanding JazzUnderstanding jazz requires an understanding of the jazz performerJazz is defined by the personal voices of its performers and only secondarily by its composersJazz is about personal, and unique expressions6Chapter 1 - Listening to JazzWhat To Listen For In JazzTo appreciate music, the listener must be actively involved, and understanding and enjoyment go hand and handMental concentrationConcentrate on the nonvisual elementsMusic moves in timeMemory7Chapter 1 - Listening to JazzSounds Associated with JazzCertain sounds peculiar to jazz have their origins in oral traditionResult of instrumentalists imitating vocal techniquesLike growls, bends, slurs, and varying shades of vibrato8Chapter 1 - Listening to JazzSounds Associated with JazzDistinctive jazz instrumentation produces unique soundsLike a saxophone section or a rhythm sectionSounds of jazz are personified and identified through the musical interpretation of specific artists9Chapter 1 - Listening to JazzImprovisation and CompositionThe performer:is expected to play exactly what is writtenmay play a melody that is an accurate reflection of the notation but place a distinctive interpretive style of bending notesmay make so many changes in the melody that it is barely recognizablemay play over chords of a song but not try to include any of the given melody at allmay create the entire musical performance without any reference to any known musical melody or compositionmay improvise “collectively” to create new musical performances10Chapter 1 - Listening to JazzRhythm-SyncopationEmphasis on rhythm has always been an integral part of jazzSometimes jazz players do not always play exactly in rhythm with the pulseJazz makes use of a specific type of rhythmic treatment called syncopationSyncopation places accents between the basic beats11Chapter 1 - Listening to JazzSyncopation and SwingSyncopation is when the notes between the beats are accented more than the notes on the beatSwing is a combination of delayed notes and their accents give the performance its swingJazz performances are usually very rhythmic and syncopated and have varying amounts of swing12Chapter 1 - Listening to JazzFormForm is the overall structure of a musical composition or performanceMost jazz pieces have simple formsExample the blues is made up of three smaller phrasesRepetition is the same musical material in two or more parts of a compositionContrast is the introduction of different musical material13Chapter 1 - Listening to JazzConclusionListening to jazz is an active endeavor that benefits from knowing the historical context of this art form as well as the identifying characteristics that set it aside from other styles of music14Chapter 1 - Listening to Jazz