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10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 1
BỆNH SAU THU HOẠCH
CHƯƠNG 4
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 2
Harvesting, transport, marketing etc.
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 3
Bệnh sau thu hoạch?
Thường xuất hiện trong giai đọan giữa thu hái và
hòan thiện sản phẩm, trong quá
trình bảo quản ,
vận chuyển, tại người bán buôn, bán lẽ...
Là
kết quả
sự
lây nhiễm các sản phẩm trước khi
nó được chế
biến hoặc đến tay người tiêu dùng
•Bệnh sau thu hoạch thông thường xuất hiện
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 4
Post-harvest diseases(PDs) of fruits and Vegetables
Symptoms (triệu chứng)
of PDs
Soft rots and watery
rot caused by
9 Geotrichum, Rhizopus, Sclerotinia, Pseudomonas and Erwinia
Brown rots
caused by
9 Phytophthora, Monilinia, Botrytis etc
Dry rots
caused by
9 largely Fusarium spp.
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 5
Post-harvest diseases(PDs) of fruits and vegetables
Infection timing (sự
lây nhiễm)
and methods of PDs
Attacks the actively growing plants and then develop
on the crop in storage
9 Botrytis cinerea on grapes, apples and pear
9 Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on green bean
Infects the crop at early stage but remain latent and
cause decay only when the crop ripen or when it has
been stored for some time
9 Botryosphaeria dothidea on apples and pears
9 Anthracnose fungus
Attacks the crops only after harvest
9 Penicillium spp. on apples, pears, citrus fruits, garlic etc.
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 6
Post-harvest diseases(PDs) of fruits and Vegetables
Infection type (caùc daïng laây nhieãm)
of PDs
¾ Through intact surface : Anthracnose fungi
¾ Through intact surface from adjoining diseased
fruits/vegetables : Botrytis cinerea
¾ Through injury : Geotrichum, Penicillium, Rhizopus,
Thieloviopsis etc.
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 7
Post-harvest diseases(PDs) of fruits and Vegetables
Wounds(injuries) is very important in PDs
Toån thöông
Caùc yeáu toá
khaùng
Phaûn öùng cuûa chuû
theå Vi khuaån
Maàm beänh
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 8
Causes of mechanical injuries
• Poor harvesting practices and handling
• Unsuitable field or marketing containers and crates,
which may have splintered wood, sharp edges, poor nailing or stapling;
• Overpacking/underpacking
of field or marketing containers
• Careless handling, such as dropping or throwing or walking on
produce and packed containers during the process of grading,
transport or marketing
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 9
Physiological injuries also predispose (daãn ñeán) fruits
and vegetables to pathogens (mầm bệnh)
• Too low storage temperature
• Too high temperatures
• Poor ventilation( söï
thoâng hôi)
• Volatile compounds( hôïp chaát deã bay hôi)
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 10
The forms of injuries
• Splitting of fruits or roots and tubers caused by dropping
• Internal cruising, not visible externally, caused by impact;
• Superficial grazing or scratches affecting the skins
• Crushing of leafy vegetables and other soft produce
Each injury provide entry for penetration of postharvest
pathogens
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 11
Injuries cutting through or scraping away
the outer skin of produce
• Provide entry points for moulds and bacteria causing decay
• Increase water loss from the damage areas;
• Cause an increase in respiration rate and thus heat production
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 12
Bruising( veát thaâm tím)
injuries, which leave the
skin intact (khoâng bò ñuïng chaïm)
and may not be
visible externally (beân ngoaøi)
cause:
• Increased respiration rate and heat production
• Internal discoloration ( söï
ñoåi maøu)
because of damaged tissues
• Off-flavor because of abnormal (khaùc thöôøng) physiological
reactions in
damaged parts
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 13
FRUIT AND VEGETABLE CROPS MOST SUBJECT
TO POSTHARVEST DISEASES
Fruits
• Temperate
fruits : grapes
• Subtropical fruits : avocados, citrus fruits
• Tropical fruits : papayas, mangoes oranges
Vegetables
: cucumbers, lettuce, sweet melons
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 14
Post-harvest diseases(PDs) of fruits and Vegetables
Post-harvest Diseases of Temperate fruits
Fruit Disease
Apple & Pear
Blue mold, Gray mold
Anthracnose, Target or lenticel
spot
Bitter rot, Alternaria rot
Black rot, White rot
Mucor rot, Cladosporium rot
Pleospora rot, Phomopsis rot
Pink rot, Sooty bloth
Fly speck, Brown rot
Phytophthora rot
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 15
Postharvest diseases of boxed apples
Apple
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 16
Blue mold caused by Penicillium expansusm
Apple
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 17
Gray mold (moác xaùm) caused by Botrytis cinerea
Apple
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 18
Brown rot caused by Monilinia fructicola
Apple
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 19
Bitter rot (thoái daéng)
caused by Glomerella cingulata
Apple
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 20
Canker (thoái muïc)
caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea
Apple
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 21
Heart rot(thoái trong tim)
caused by Alternaria sp/Fusarium sp.
Apple
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 22
Black rot caused by Botryospharia dothidea
Pear
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 23
Brown rot caused by Monilinia fructicola
Pear
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 24
Post-harvest diseases(PDs) of fruits and Vegetables
Post-harvest Diseases of Temperate fruits (Continued)
Fruit Disease
Apricot (mô),
cherry,
nectarine,
peach,
Plum (stone fruit) maän
Brown rot, Gray mold, Rhizopus rot
Mucor rot, Blue mold, Alternaria rot
Cladosporium rot
Kiwi fruit
Botrytis rot, Surface mold, Dothiorella rot
Phoma rot, Phomopsis rot, Sclerotinia rot,
Mucor
rot, Blue mold, Buckshot rot
Strawberry(quaû
daâu taây) Gray mold, Leak(lỗ
thũng)
or Rhizopus
rot, Mucor rot, Anthracnose, Leather rot
Table grapes Botrytis rot
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 25
Peach(quả đào)
Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 26
Brown rot caused by Monilinia fructicola
Peach
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 27
Rhizopus rot caused by Rhizopus arrhizus
Peach
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 28
Phomopsis rot caused by Phomopsis sp.
Peach
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 29
Interior browning in low temperature storage
Peach
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 30
Bacterial soft rot caused by Erwinia carotovora
Kiwi fruit
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 31
Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea
Kiwi fruit
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 32
Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea
Strawberry
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 33
Rhizopus rot caused by Rhizopus stolonifer
Strawberry
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 34
Anthracnose caused by Glomerella cingulata
Strawberry
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 35
Phytophthora rot caused by Phytophthora nicotiana
Strawberry
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 36
Powdery mildew (naám moác söông)
caused by Sphaerotheca fumili
Strawberry
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 37
Crown rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
Strawberry
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 38
Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea
grape
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 39
Phomopsis fruit rot caused by Phomopsis sp.
grape
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 40
Post-harvest diseases(PDs) of fruits and Vegetables
Post-harvest Diseases of subtropical fruits
Fruit Disease
Avocado Dothiella
rot, Stem end rot, Fusarium
rot,
Anthracnose, Phomopsis
rot, Rhizopus
rot
Citrus fruit
Blue and green mold rot, Brown rot,
Phomopsis
stem end rot, Stem end rot, Alternaria
stem end
rot, Anthracnose, Sour rot,
Sclerotinia
rot,
Trichoderma
rot, Botrytis
rot
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 41
Blue mold caused by Penicillium italicum
citrus fruits
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 42
Green mold caused by Penicillium digitatum
citrus fruits
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 43
Blue mold caused by Penicillium sp.
citrus fruits
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 44
Brown rot caused by Phytophthora citrophthora
citrus fruits
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 45
Stem end rot by Diaporthe citri and D. medusae
citrus fruits
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 46
Black rot caused by Alternaria citri
citrus fruits
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 47
Sour rot(thoái chua)
caused by Geotrichum candidum
citrus fruits
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 48
Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea
citrus fruits
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 49
Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
citrus fruits
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 50
Phoma rot caused by Phoma errtica
citrus fruits
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 51
Phellomyces rot caused by Sclerotium citricolum
citrus fruits
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 52
Decay caused by Fusarium spp.
citrus fruits
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 53
Decay caused by Rhizopus sp.
citrus fruits
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 54
Decay caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
citrus fruits
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 55
Low temperature fruit injury from temperature
above those freezing tissues.
citrus fruits
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 56
Post-harvest diseases(PDs) of fruits and Vegetables
Post-harvest Diseases of tropical fruits
Fruit Disease
Banana
Crown rot disease complex, Fusarium rot,
Anthracnose, Lasiodiplodia rot, Thielaviopsis rot
Cerratosystis rot, Cigar end rot, Squirt disease
Mango Anthracnose, Stem end rot, Rhizopus rot
Papaya
Anthracnose, Phoma rot, Lasiodiplodia rot,
Phytophthora rot, Alternaria rot
Pine apple Thielaviopsis rot, Fruit-let core rot, Yeast fermentation
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 57
Anthracnose caused by Gloeosporium musarum
banana
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 58
Anthracnose caused by Gloeosporium mangiferae
mango
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 59
Stem(cuoáng) end rot caused by Diplodia natalensis
mango
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 60
Anthracnose caused by Glomerella cingulata
papaya
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 61
Heart rot caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi,
P. nicotianae and P. palmivora
pineapple
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 62
Core(loõi)
rot caused by Erwinia ananas
pineapple
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 63
Post-harvest diseases(PDs) of fruits and Vegetables
Post-harvest Diseases of vegetables
Fruit Disease
Carrot
Bacterial soft rot, Gray mold, White rot,
Fusarium dry rot, Black mold, Crater rot
Celery
(cần tây)
Bacterial soft rot, Sclerotinia soft rot, Late blight
Lettuce
(rau diếp)
Bacterial soft rot, White rot, Gray mold
Melons
(quả dưa)
Sour rot,
Rhizopus rot,
Fusarium rot,
Trichothecium rot,
Botrytis rot,
Lasiodiplodia rot,
Gummy stem blight and
black rot, Anthracnose
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 64
Pythium rot caused by Pythium sulcatum
carrot
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 65
Soft rot caused by Erwinia carotovora
carrot
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 66
Black rot caused by Alternaria radicina
carrot
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 67
Southern blight caused by Corticium rolfsii
carrot
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 68
Bacterial soft rot caused by Erwinia carotovora
Celery
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 69
Late blight(taøn ruïi)
caused by Septoria apii
Celery
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 70
Bacterial soft rot caused by Erwinia carotovora
cabbage
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 71
Black rot caused by Xanthomonas campestris
cabbage
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 72
Leaf spot (veát ñoám)
caused by Alternaria brassicae
cabbage
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 73
Sooty spot( veát ñen moà
hoùng)
caused by Alternaria brassicicola
cabbage
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 74
Downey mildew (naám moác söông)
caused by Peronospora brassicae
cabbage
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 75
Bacterial soft rot caused by Erwinia carotovora
lettuce
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 76
Gray mold(moác xaùm)
caused by Botrytis cinerea
lettuce
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 77
Bacterial dry rot caused by Pseudomonas cicolii,
P. malginalis, P. viridiflava
lettuce
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 78
Fruit rot caused by Cepalothcium sp.
melon
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 79
Brown rot caused by Fusarium solani,
F. roseum, F. moniliforme, F. oxysporum
melon
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 80
Gummy stem blight caused by Micosphaerella melonis
melon
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 81
Decay caused by Diaporte melonis and Phomopsis sp.
melon
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 82
Sclerotinia rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
melon
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 83
Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum lagenarium
watermelon
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 84
Brown rot caused by Phytophthora capsici
watermelon
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 85
Cottony rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
watermelon
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 86
Post-harvest diseases(PDs) of fruits and Vegetables
Post-harvest Diseases of vegetables (continued)
Fruit Disease
Onion Neck rot, Bacterial soft rot, Smudge, Fusarium bulbrot, Black mold, Blue mold
Potato
Bacterial soft rot, Ring rot, Late blight, Fusarium
dry rot, Black scurf, Gangrene, Gray mold, White
mold, Sclerotinia soft rot,
Snap bean Gray mold, White rot, Anthracnose
Sweet potato
Rhizopus rot, Black rot, Java black rot, Fusarium
surface rot
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 87
Basal rot caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae
onion
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 88
Gray mold rot caused by Botrytis allii and B. cinerea
onion
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 89
Black mold caused by Aspergillus niger
onion
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 90
Bacterial soft rot caused by Erwinia carotovora
potato
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 91
Tuber infected with Corynebacterium sepedonicum
potato
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 92
Late blight of potatoes. Exterior and interior discoloration
of tubers infected with Phytophthora infestans
potato
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 93
White mold of potatoes.
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum infection of tuber
potato
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 94
Fusarium dry rot infection of tuber (interior section)
potato
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 95
Gangrene. Phoma exigua var. foveata infection of tubers
potato
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 96
Rhizoctonia black scurf. Sclerotia of R. solani on tuber surface
potato
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 97
Fresh storage roots with black rot lesions(left and right),
caused by Ceratocystis fimbriata, and uninfected roots(center)
sweet potato
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 98
Cross section of storage roots of the cultivar ‘Jewel’ with
symptoms of surface rot(left) and Fusarium root rot(right)
sweet potato
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 99
Internal and external views of a fleshy storage root
infected with Phizopus stolonifer
sweet potato
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 100
Restricted end lesion induced by
Diplodia gossypina on a fleshy storage root
sweet potato
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 101
Punky rot caused by a Trichoderma sp.
on a fleshy storage root.
sweet potato
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 102
Blue mold caused by Penicillium spp.
on fleshy storage roots
sweet potato
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 103
Post-harvest diseases(PDs) of fruits and Vegetables
Post-harvest Diseases of vegetables (continued)
Fruit Disease
Tomato
Alternaria rot, Anthracnose, Buckeye rot, Gray
mold and ghost spot, Sour rot, Fruit rot,
Phytophthora blight, Bacterial soft rot
Egg plant Gray mold, Phytophthora rot, Brown rot, Sclerotinia rot, Phomopsis blight, Southern blight
Pepper
Gray mold, Rhizpus rot, Phytophthora blight,
Bacterial soft rot
Cucumber Gray mold, Sclerotinia rot , Scab, Bacterial spot, Gummy stem blight, Phytophthora rot, Pythium rot
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 104
Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea
tomato
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 105
Late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans
tomato
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 106
Fruit rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
tomato
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 107
Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum phomoides
tomato
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 108
Wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum
tomato
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 109
Bacterial canker caused by Corynebacterium michiganense
tomato
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 110
Bacterial soft rot caused by Erwinia carotovora
tomato
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 111
Leaf spot caused by Alternaria tomato
tomato
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 112
Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea
egg plant
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 113
Phytophthora rot caused by Phytophthora nicotianae
egg plant
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 114
Brown rot caused by Phytophthora capsici
egg plant
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 115
Brown spot caused by Phomopsis vexans
egg plant
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 116
Sclerotinia rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
egg plant
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 117
Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea
pepper
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 118
Stem end rot caused by Rhizopus stolonifer
pepper
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 119
Phytophthora blight caused by Phytophthora capsici
pepper
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 120
Bacterial soft rot caused by Erwinia carotovora
pepper
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 121
Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
pepper
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 122
Mosaic caused by Tomato mosaic virus-P,-T,-OM
pepper
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 123
Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea
cucumber
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 124
Sclerotinia rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
cucumber
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 125
Scab caused by Cladosporium cucumerinum
cucumber
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 126
Angular leaf spot caused by Pseudomonas syringae
cucumber
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 127
Gummy stem blight caused by Mycosphaerella melonis
cucumber
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 128
Phytophthora rot caused by Phytophthora melonis
cucumber
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 129
Pythium rot caused by Pythium aphanidermatum
cucumber
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 130
Control of Post-harvest Diseases : Factors affecting post-harvest losses
Mode of action : inhibition of sporulation
Target diseases : most of post-harvest diseases
of apples, citrus fruits
Chemical treatment
Post-harvest Fungicide, biphenyl
Biphenyl
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 131
Control of Post-harvest Diseases : Factors affecting post-harvest losses
Mode of action : inhibition of sporulation
and
germination of spores
Target diseases : post-harvest diseases of apples,
citrus fruits, stone fruits, tomatoes,
cucumbers, gladioli, capsicums
Chemical treatment
Post-harvest Fungicide, phenylphenol OH
O-Phenylphenol
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 132
Control of Post-harvest Diseases : Factors affecting post-harvest losses
Mode of action : protective
(little effect on spore germination)
Target diseases : Botrytis, Monilinia, Rhizopus
etc. on stone fruits, berry fruit, vines
Chemical treatment
Post-harvest Fungicide, dicloran C l C l
N H 2
N C 2
D ic lo ra n
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 133
Control of Post-harvest Diseases : Factors affecting post-harvest losses
Chemical treatment
Post-harvest Fungicide, Captan
Biphenyl
Mode of action : protective and curative
Target diseases : post-harvest diseases of grapes,
pome
and stone fruits,vegetables
※ pre-harvest spray
Used on postharvest disease of pear sold domestically
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 134
Mode of action : fungicidal fumigation
Target diseases : citrus blue and green mold
stem rot of orange
gray mold on gladioli
and chrysanthemus
Chemical treatment
Post-harvest Fungicide, sec-butylamine
CH3CH2
H
CH3
NH2
Sec-Butylamine
Control of Post-harvest Diseases : Factors affecting post-harvest losses
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 135
Control of Post-harvest Diseases : Factors affecting post-harvest losses
Mode of action : ?
Target diseases : citrus blue and green mold
stem rot of orange
gray mold on citrus fruit
Chemical treatment
Post-harvest Fungicide, sorbic
acid CH3CH CH CH CH COOH
Sorbic acid
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 136
Control of Post-harvest Diseases : Factors affecting post-harvest losses
Mode of action : protective and curative
Target diseases : post-harvest diseases of bananas,
citrus fruits, pome
fruits, onions,
mangos, etc.
※ blue mold, Bull’s eye spot, gray mold, stem end rot
Chemical treatment
Post-harvest Fungicide, thiabendazole
N
SN
N
H
Thiabendazole
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 137
Control of Post-harvest Diseases : Factors affecting post-harvest losses
Mode of action : protective and curative
Target diseases : post-harvest diseases of grapes,
pome
and stone fruits,
vegetables
※ pre-harvest spray
Chemical treatment
Post-harvest Fungicide, benomyl
N
N
N
H
O
N
H
C4H9
O
COCH3
Benomyl
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 138
Control of Post-harvest Diseases : Factors affecting post-harvest losses
Mode of action : protective and curative,
wound protectant
Target diseases : wound pathogens on pruning
cuts on tree
Chemical treatment
Post-harvest Fungicide, thiophanate
methyl
N
N
H
H O
COCH3
O
COCH3
S
CNH
CNH
S
Thiophanate-methyl
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 139
Control of Post-harvest Diseases : Factors affecting post-harvest losses
Mode of action : protective and curative
Target diseases : storage diseases of fruits
Chemical treatment
Post-harvest Fungicide, carbendazim
N
N
H
NH
O
COCH3
Carbendazim
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 140
Control of Post-harvest Diseases : Factors affecting post-harvest losses
Mode of action : contactive
fungicide with
protective and curative action
(strong inhibition of spore germination and mycelial
growth)
Target diseases : postharvest
diseases of fruits
and vegetables
Chemical treatment
Post-harvest Fungicide, iprodion
N
N
O
O
NHCH(CH3)2
Cl
Cl
C
Iprodione
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 141
Control of Post-harvest Diseases : Factors affecting post-harvest losses
Mode of action : protective and curative
Target diseases : Monilinia spp. on stone fruits
Chemical treatment
Post-harvest Fungicide, trifoline
N
N
CHNHCHO
CHNHCHOCl3C
Cl3C
Triforine
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 142
Control of Post-harvest Diseases : Factors affecting post-harvest losses
Chemical treatment
Post-harvest Fungicide, Guazatine
Mode of action : protective and curative
Target diseases : postharvest
diseases of seed potatoes,
citrus fruits and pine apples
CNH(CH2)3NH(CH2)3NHO
NH2
NH
NH2
NH
Guazatine
10/23/2009 Th.S Truong Thi My Linh 143
Control of Post-harvest Diseases : Factors affecting post-harvest losses
Chemical treatment
Post-harvest Fungicide, Imazalil
Mode of action : protective and curative
Target diseases : Penicillium, Gloeosporium, Phomopsis
Phoma spp. etc. of citrus fruit, banana,
seed potatoes
N
N
C H2
C l
C l
C H O CH2C H CH2
Im a za lil
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