Kế toán, kiểm toán - Chapter 15: The systems development life cycle and project management: addressing the challenges of building ais systems

Chapter 15The Systems Development Life Cycle and Project Management: Addressing the Challenges of Building AIS Systems Copyright © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.Learning ObjectivesLO#1 Describe each phase in the systems development life cycle.LO#2 Explain the core principles of information systems planningLO#3 Define project management and describe the positions of those who lead the project.LO#4 Explain why IT projects are challenged and the tools that are used to overcome these challenges.LO#5 Explain why users do or do not want to use a new information system designed for them.15-2The Systems Development Life CycleThe systems development life cycle (SDLC) is the process of creating or modifying information systems to meet the needs of its users. The SDLC is generally viewed as the foundation for all systems development that people use to develop such systems. 15-3LO# 1Phases of the Systems Development Life CyclePlanning PhaseAnalysis PhaseDesign PhaseImplementation PhaseMaintenance Phase15-4LO# 1The Recursive Nature of the SDLC15-5LO# 1Project Management: A Few TermsProject management is the planning, organizing, supervising and directing of an IT project. A project manager is the lead member of the project team that is responsible for the project. The project sponsor will often be a senior executive in the company who takes responsibility for the success of the project. 15-6LO# 2,3Challenges of IT Project Management15-7LO# 4Constraints of IT Projects15-8LO# 4Project Management ToolsPERT chart – works to identify all tasks of a projectNotes task sequencing and task dependence.Notes critical path – the path that represents the minimum amount of time needed for the completion of the project when sufficient resources are allocated.15-9LO# 4PERT Chart15-10LO# 4Project Management ToolsA Gantt chart is a graphical representation of the project schedule by mapping the tasks to a project calendar. LO# 415-11Gantt Chart15-12LO# 4Will the Systems Be Useful? Will it be Used?15-13LO# 5Usefulness and Ease of Use?What can be done to address perceptions of usefulness of a new accounting information system?What can be done to address perceptions of ease of use of a new accounting information system?LO# 515-14SummaryThe systems development life cycle is the foundation for all systems development, models, and methodologies that people use to develop such systems. The SDLC has five phases: Planning, Analysis, Design, Implementation and Maintenance. Project managers and project sponsors each play key roles in managing system development.Many AIS and IT projects fail to meet expectations. If we can understand the reason these projects fail, we can better design the project management process to address these reasons.Scope, time and cost represent the triple constraints of project managementAIS developers, project managers and project sponsors should all be aware of how a new system is perceived by those who will ultimately be using the new system.15-15LO# 5