Kế toán, kiểm toán - Chương 20: Accounting for pensions and postretirement benefits

PREVIEW OF CHAPTERIntermediate AccountingIFRS 2nd EditionKieso, Weygandt, and Warfield 20Use a worksheet for employer’s pension plan entries.Explain the accounting for past service costs.Explain the accounting for remeasurements.Describe the requirements for reporting pension plans in financial statements.Explain the accounting for other postretirement benefits.After studying this chapter, you should be able to:Accounting for Pensions and Postretirement Benefits20LEARNING OBJECTIVESDistinguish between accounting for the employer’s pension plan and accounting for the pension fund.Identify types of pension plans and their characteristics.Explain measures for valuing the pension obligation.Identify amounts reported in financial statements. An arrangement whereby an employer provides payments to retired employees after for services they performed in their working years.Pension PlanAdministratorContributionsEmployerRetired EmployeesBenefit PaymentsAssets & LiabilitiesNATURE OF PENSION PLANSLO 1Pension plans can be:Contributory: employees voluntarily make payments to increase their benefits.Non-contributory: employer bears the entire cost.Qualified pension plans: offer tax benefits.Pension fund should be a separate legal and accounting entity.NATURE OF PENSION PLANSLO 1Use a worksheet for employer’s pension plan entries.Explain the accounting for past service costs.Explain the accounting for remeasurements.Describe the requirements for reporting pension plans in financial statements.Explain the accounting for other postretirement benefits.After studying this chapter, you should be able to:Accounting for Pensions and Postretirement Benefits20LEARNING OBJECTIVESDistinguish between accounting for the employer’s pension plan and accounting for the pension fund.Identify types of pension plans and their characteristics.Explain measures for valuing the pension obligation.Identify amounts reported in financial statements. Defined Contribution PlanDefined Benefit PlanEmployer contribution determined by plan (fixed)Risk borne by employeesBenefits based on plan valueBenefit determined by planEmployer contribution varies (determined by Actuaries)Risk borne by employerCompanies engage actuaries to ensure that a pension plan is appropriate for the employee group covered.NATURE OF PENSION PLANSLO 2Actuaries make predictions of mortality rates, employee turnover, interest and earnings rates, early retirement frequency, future salaries, and other factors necessary to operate a pension plan. They also compute the various pension measures that affect the financial statements, such as the pension obligation, the annual cost of servicing the plan, and the cost of amendments to the plan.NATURE OF PENSION PLANSThe Role of Actuaries in Pension AccountingLO 2Use a worksheet for employer’s pension plan entries.Explain the accounting for past service costs.Explain the accounting for remeasurements.Describe the requirements for reporting pension plans in financial statements.Explain the accounting for other postretirement benefits.After studying this chapter, you should be able to:Accounting for Pensions and Postretirement Benefits20LEARNING OBJECTIVESDistinguish between accounting for the employer’s pension plan and accounting for the pension fund.Identify types of pension plans and their characteristics.Explain measures for valuing the pension obligation.Identify amounts reported in financial statements. Two questions:What is the pension obligation that a company should report in the financial statements? What is the pension expense for the period?ACCOUNTING FOR PENSIONSLO 3Employer’s pension obligation is the deferred compensation obligation it has to its employees for their service under the terms of the pension plan.Measures of the Pension LiabilityILLUSTRATION 20-3Different Measures of the Pension ObligationIASB’s choiceACCOUNTING FOR PENSIONSLO 3Use a worksheet for employer’s pension plan entries.Explain the accounting for past service costs.Explain the accounting for remeasurements.Describe the requirements for reporting pension plans in financial statements.Explain the accounting for other postretirement benefits.After studying this chapter, you should be able to:Accounting for Pensions and Postretirement Benefits20LEARNING OBJECTIVESDistinguish between accounting for the employer’s pension plan and accounting for the pension fund.Identify types of pension plans and their characteristics.Explain measures for valuing the pension obligation.Identify amounts reported in financial statements. Net Defined Benefit Obligation (Asset)Net defined benefit liability (asset) Referred to as the funded status.Represents the deficit or surplus related to a defined pension plan.ILLUSTRATION 20-4Presentation of Funded StatusACCOUNTING FOR PENSIONSLO 4Reporting Changes in the Defined Benefit Obligation (Asset)The IASB requires:All changes in the defined benefit obligation and plan assets in the current period be recognized in comprehensive income. Companies report changes arising from different elements of pension liabilities and assets in different sections of the statement of comprehensive income, depending on their nature.ACCOUNTING FOR PENSIONSLO 4ILLUSTRATION 20-5Reporting Changes in the Pension Obligation (Assets)Three Components of Pension CostsReporting Changes in Obligation (Asset)LO 4Service CostCurrent service cost - increase in the present value of the defined benefit obligation from employee service in the current period. Past service cost - change in the present value of the defined benefit obligation for employee service for prior periods—generally resulting from a plan amendment. Reported in the statement of comprehensive income in the operating section of the statement and affects net income.Determine pension expense based on future salary levels.Assign benefits to period of service.1.Component of Pension ExpenseReporting Changes in Obligation (Asset)LO 4Net InterestComputed by multiplying the discount rate by the funded status of the plan (defined benefit obligation minus plan assets). Net defined benefit obligation results in interest expense. Net defined benefit asset results in interest revenue. Amount is often shown below the operating section of the income statement in the financing section.Discount rate is based on the yields of high-quality bonds with terms consistent with the company’s pension obligation.2.Component of Pension ExpenseReporting Changes in Obligation (Asset)LO 4RemeasurementsGains and losses related to the defined benefit obligation.Gains or losses on the fair value of the plan assets.This component is reported in other comprehensive income, net of tax. Remeasurement gains or losses therefore affect comprehensive income but not net income.3.Reporting Changes in Obligation (Asset)LO 4Plan Assets and Actual ReturnPlan AssetsInvestments in shares, bonds, other securities, and real estate.Reported at fair value. Employer contributions and the actual return on plan assets increase pension plan assets. Benefits paid to retired employees decrease plan assets.ACCOUNTING FOR PENSIONSLO 4Illustration: Hasbro Company has pension plan assets of €4,200,000 on January 1, 2015. During 2015, Hasbro contributed €300,000 to the plan and paid out retirement benefits of €250,000. Its actual return on plan assets was €210,000 for the year. Compute the amount of plan assets at December 31, 2015.ILLUSTRATION 20-6Determination of Pension AssetsPlan Assets and Actual ReturnLO 4Plan Assets and Actual ReturnIllustration: Hasbro Company has pension plan assets of €4,200,000 on January 1, 2015. During 2015, Hasbro contributed €300,000 to the plan and paid out retirement benefits of €250,000. Its actual return on plan assets was €210,000 for the year. Some companies compute the actual return as follows.ILLUSTRATION 20-8Computation of Actual Return on Plan AssetsLO 4Use a worksheet for employer’s pension plan entries.Explain the accounting for past service costs.Explain the accounting for remeasurements.Describe the requirements for reporting pension plans in financial statements.Explain the accounting for other postretirement benefits.After studying this chapter, you should be able to:Accounting for Pensions and Postretirement Benefits20LEARNING OBJECTIVESDistinguish between accounting for the employer’s pension plan and accounting for the pension fund.Identify types of pension plans and their characteristics.Explain measures for valuing the pension obligation.Identify amounts reported in financial statements. The “General Journal Entries” columns determine the journal entries to record in the formal general ledger accounts. The “Memo Record” columns maintain balances for the defined benefit obligation and plan assets.USING A PENSION WORKSHEETLO 5Illustration: On January 1, 2015, Zarle Company provides the following information related to its pension plan for the year 2015.Plan assets, January 1, 2015, are €100,000.Defined benefit obligation, January 1, 2015, is €100,000.Annual service cost is €9,000.Discount rate is 10 percent.Funding contributions are €8,000.Benefits paid to retirees during the year are €7,000.Instructions: Prepare a pension worksheet and pension journal entry for Zarle Company for the year ending December 31, 2015.2015 Entries and WorksheetLO 52015 Pension worksheet for Zarle Company.Obligation $100,000 x 10%Assets $100,000 x 10%($1,000) net liability2015 Entries and WorksheetLO 52015 Pension journal entry for Zarle Company.Pension Expense 9,000 Cash 8,000 Pension Asset/Liability 1,000Journal Entry2015 Entries and WorksheetLO 5Use a worksheet for employer’s pension plan entries.Explain the accounting for past service costs.Explain the accounting for remeasurements.Describe the requirements for reporting pension plans in financial statements.Explain the accounting for other postretirement benefits.After studying this chapter, you should be able to:Accounting for Pensions and Postretirement Benefits20LEARNING OBJECTIVESDistinguish between accounting for the employer’s pension plan and accounting for the pension fund.Identify types of pension plans and their characteristics.Explain measures for valuing the pension obligation.Identify amounts reported in financial statements. Past Service CostChange in the present value of the defined benefit obligation resulting from a plan amendment or a curtailment.Expense past service cost in the period of the amendment or curtailment.ILLUSTRATION 20-12Types of Past Service CostsUSING A PENSION WORKSHEETLO 6Illustration: On January 1, 2016, Zarle Company amends the pension plan to grant employees past service benefits with a present value of €81,600. The following additional facts apply to the pension plan for the year 2016.Annual service cost is €9,500.Discount rate is 10 percent.Annual funding contributions are €20,000.Benefits paid to retirees during the year are €8,000.Instructions: Prepare a pension worksheet and pension journal entry for Zarle Company for the year ending December 31, 2016.2016 Entries and WorksheetLO 62016 Pension worksheet for Zarle Company.(1) Obligation $193,600 x 10%(2) Assets $111,000 x 10%($80,360) net liability(1)(2)2016 Entries and WorksheetLO 6Use a worksheet for employer’s pension plan entries.Explain the accounting for past service costs.Explain the accounting for remeasurements.Describe the requirements for reporting pension plans in financial statements.Explain the accounting for other postretirement benefits.After studying this chapter, you should be able to:Accounting for Pensions and Postretirement Benefits20LEARNING OBJECTIVESDistinguish between accounting for the employer’s pension plan and accounting for the pension fund.Identify types of pension plans and their characteristics.Explain measures for valuing the pension obligation.Identify amounts reported in financial statements. RemeasurementsUncontrollable and unexpected swings that can result from sudden and large changes in the fair value of plan assets and changes in actuarial assumptions that affect the amount of the defined benefit obligation.Gains and losses reported in other comprehensive income.USING A PENSION WORKSHEETLO 7Asset Gains and LossesDifference between the actual return and the interest revenue computed in determining net interest.Illustration: Shopbob Company has plan assets at January 1, 2015, of €100,000. The discount rate for the year is 6 percent, and the actual return on the plan assets for 2015 is €8,000. In 2015, Shopbob should record an asset gain of €2,000, computed as follows.ILLUSTRATION 20-15RemeasurementsLO 7Liability Gains and LossesAny change in actuarial assumptions that affect the amount of the defined benefit obligation.Companies report liability gains and liability losses in Other Comprehensive Income (G/L). They accumulate the asset and liability gains and losses from year to year in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income.This amount is reported on the statement of financial position in the equity section.RemeasurementsLO 7Illustration: The following facts for Zarle Company apply to the pension plan for 2017. Annual service cost is €13,000.Discount rate is 10 percent.Actual return on plan assets is €12,000.Annual funding contributions are €24,000.Benefits paid to retirees during the year are €10,500.Changes in actuarial assumptions establish the end-of-year defined benefit obligation at €265,000.Instructions: Prepare a pension worksheet and pension journal entry for Zarle Company for the year ending December 31, 2017.2017 Entries and WorksheetLO 7LO 72017 Pension worksheet for Zarle Company.(1) Obligation $214,460 x 10%(2) Assets $134,100 x 10%($105,400) net liability(1)(2)(3)(3)(3) Calculation next slide2017 Entries and Worksheet2017 Pension worksheet for Zarle Company.2017 Entries and WorksheetLO 72017 Pension journal entry for Zarle Company.2017 Entries and WorksheetPension Expense 21,036Other Comprehensive Income (G/L) 28,004 Cash 24,000 Pension Asset/Liability 25,040LO 7Use a worksheet for employer’s pension plan entries.Explain the accounting for past service costs.Explain the accounting for remeasurements.Describe the requirements for reporting pension plans in financial statements.Explain the accounting for other postretirement benefits.After studying this chapter, you should be able to:Accounting for Pensions and Postretirement Benefits20LEARNING OBJECTIVESDistinguish between accounting for the employer’s pension plan and accounting for the pension fund.Identify types of pension plans and their characteristics.Explain measures for valuing the pension obligation.Identify amounts reported in financial statements. Within the Financial StatementsPension ExpenseReport these components in one section of the statement of comprehensive income and report total pension expense. orReport the service cost component in operating income and the net interest in a separate section related to financing.REPORTING PENSION PLANS IN FINANCIAL STATEMENTSLO 8Gains and Losses (Remeasurements)Asset and liability gains and losses are recognized in other comprehensive income.Not recognized in net income.Within the Financial StatementsLO 8LO 8Illustration: Obey Company provides the following information for the year 2015.ILLUSTRATION 20-20Computation of OtherComprehensive IncomeILLUSTRATION 20-21Computation ofComprehensive IncomeWithin the Financial StatementsLO 8The components other comprehensive income must be reported using one of two formats: a two statement approach or a one statement approach (a combined statement of comprehensive income). ILLUSTRATION 20-22Comprehensive IncomeReportingWithin the Financial StatementsTwo statement approachILLUSTRATION 20-24Reporting ofAccumulated OCIWithin the Financial StatementsILLUSTRATION 20-23Computation ofAccumulated OtherComprehensive IncomeLO 8Recognition of the Net Funded Status of the Pension PlanCompanies must recognize on their statement of financial position the overfunded (pension asset) or underfunded (pension liability) status of their defined benefit pension plan.Within the Financial StatementsLO 8Classification of Pension Asset or Pension LiabilityThe excess of the fair value of the plan assets over the defined benefit obligation is classified as a noncurrent asset.Within the Financial StatementsLO 8Aggregation of Pension PlansThe only situation in which offsetting is permitted is when a company:Has a legally enforceable right to use a surplus in one plan to settle obligations in the other plan, andIntends either to settle the obligation on a net basis, or to realize the surplus in one plan and settle its obligations under the other plan simultaneously.Within the Financial StatementsLO 8A company is required to disclose information that: Explains characteristics of its defined benefit plans and risks associated with them.Identifies and explains the amounts in its financial statements arising from its defined benefit plans.Describes how its defined benefit plans may affect the amount, timing, and uncertainty of the company’s future cash flows.Within the Notes to Financial StatementsLO 8Use a worksheet for employer’s pension plan entries.Explain the accounting for past service costs.Explain the accounting for remeasurements.Describe the requirements for reporting pension plans in financial statements.Explain the accounting for other postretirement benefits.After studying this chapter, you should be able to:Accounting for Pensions and Postretirement Benefits20LEARNING OBJECTIVESDistinguish between accounting for the employer’s pension plan and accounting for the pension fund.Identify types of pension plans and their characteristics.Explain measures for valuing the pension obligation.Identify amounts reported in financial statements. ILLUSTRATION 20-27Differences between Pensions andPostretirement Healthcare BenefitsOther Postretirement BenefitsLO 9POSTRETIREMENT BENEFITSThe underlying concepts for the accounting for postretirement benefits are similar between U.S. GAAP and IFRS—both U.S. GAAP and IFRS view pensions and other postretirement benefits as forms of deferred compensation. At present, there are significant differences in the specific accounting provisions as applied to these plans.GLOBAL ACCOUNTING INSIGHTSRelevant FactsFollowing are the key similarities and differences between U.S. GAAP and IFRS related to pensions.SimilaritiesU.S. GAAP and IFRS separate pension plans into defined contribution plans and defined benefit plans. The accounting for defined contribution plans is similar. U.S. GAAP and IFRS recognize a pension asset or liability as the funded status of the plan (i.e., defined benefit obligation minus the fair value of plan assets). (Note that defined benefit obligation is referred to as the projected benefit obligation in U.S. GAAP.) U.S. GAAP and IFRS compute unrecognized past service cost (PSC) (referred to as prior service cost in U.S. GAAP) in the same manner.GLOBAL ACCOUNTING INSIGHTSRelevant FactsDifferencesU.S. GAAP includes an asset return component based on the expected return on plan assets. While both U.S. GAAP and IFRS include interest expense on the liability in pension expense, under IFRS for asset returns, pension expense is reduced by the amount of interest revenue (based on the discount rate times the beginning value of pension assets). U.S. GAAP amortizes PSC over the remaining service lives of employees, while IFRS recognizes past service cost as a component of pension expense in income immediately.GLOBAL ACCOUNTING INSIGHTSRelevant FactsDifferencesU.S. GAAP recognizes liability and asset gains and losses in “Accumulated other comprehensive income” and amortizes these amounts to income over remaining service lives (generally using the “corridor approach”). Under IFRS, companies recognize both liability and asset gains and losses (referred to as remeasurements) in other comprehensive income. These gains and losses are not “recycled” into income in subsequent periods.U.S. GAAP has separate standards for pensions and postretirement benefits, and significant differences exist in the accounting. The accounting for pensions and other postretirement benefit plans is the same under IFRS.GLOBAL ACCOUNTING INSIGHTSOn the HorizonThe IASB and the FASB have been working collaboratively on a postretirement benefit project. The recent amendments issued by the IASB moves IFRS closer to U.S. GAAP with respect to recognition of the funded status on the statement of financial position. Significant differences remain in the components of pension expense. If the FASB restarts a project to reexamine expense measurement of postretirement benefit plans, it likely will consider the recent IASB amendments in this area.GLOBAL ACCOUNTING INSIGHTSCopyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted in Section 117 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the express written permission of the copyright owner is unlawful. Request for further information should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. The purchaser may make back-up copies for his/her own use only and not for distribution or resale. 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