Kế toán, kiểm toán - Module f attributes sampling learning objectives

Copyright © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/IrwinModule F Attributes SamplingLearning ObjectivesIdentify the objectives of attributes sampling, define deviation conditions, and define the population for an attributes sampling application.Understand how various factors influence the size of an attributes sample.Determine the sample size for an attributes sampling application.Identify various methods of selecting an attributes sample.Evaluate the results of an attributes sampling application by determining the upper limit rate of deviation .Define sequential sampling and discovery sampling and identify when these types of sampling applications would be used.Understand how to apply nonstatistical sampling to attributes testing.Mod F-2Attributes SamplingUsed to estimate the extent to which a characteristic (attribute) exists within a populationUsed in tests of controlsMod F-3Major Steps in attributes Sampling: PlanningDetermine the objective of samplingDefine deviation conditionsDefine the populationMod F-4Major Steps in attributes Sampling: PerformingDetermine sample sizeSelect sample itemsMeasure sample itemsMod F-5How to Determine Sample SizeSelect AICPA Sample Size table corresponding to desired risk of overrelianceIdentify row related to appropriate expected population deviation rate (EPDR)Identify column related to appropriate tolerable rate of deviation (TRD)Determine sample size at junction of row for EPDR and column for TRD Mod F-6Major Steps in attributes Sampling: EvaluatingEvaluate sample resultsProblem with sample rate of deviation is that it may result from a nonrepresentative sampleMod F-7Upper Limit rate of deviation (ULRD)There is a (1 minus risk of overreliance) probability that the true population rate of deviation is less than or equal to the ULRDThere is a (risk of overreliance) probability that the true population rate of deviation exceeds the ULRDExample: ULRD = 6%, Risk of overreliance = 5% 95% probability 5% probability 0% 6%Mod F-8How to Determine the ULRDSelect AICPA Sample Evaluation Table corresponding to desired risk of overrelianceIdentify row related to appropriate sample sizeIf cannot locate exactly, round down to next lowest sample sizeIdentify column related to number of deviations notedDetermine ULRD at junction of row for sample size and column for deviationsMod F-9Making the DecisionIf ULRD > Tolerable rate of deviation:Mod F-10Making the DecisionIf ULRD  Tolerable rate of deviationMod F-11Sequential (Stop-or-Go Sampling)Select initial (smaller) sample and consider resultsDecisionAdvantageDisadvantageMod F-12Discovery SamplingUsed when deviations from control are expected to be infrequent but very criticalMod F-13Nonstatistical attributes SamplingSample size based on judgmentShould be approximately the same as size for statistical samplingSelection may be block or haphazardAttempt to select a representative sampleMod F-14Evaluating Nonstatistical ResultsCalculate Sample rate of deviationEstimate an Allowance for Sampling ErrorCan use tables for guidelinesRemember, it’s auditor judgment!Mod F-15