Luận án nghiên cứu khả năng cố định đạm của đậu phộng (Arachis hypogaea L.) trên đất xám bằng phương pháp đồng vị đánh dấu 15N

them700.000-1.000.000d 0banday(lamthucanchogiaxuc).Gia tJi v€ lQiichquatrinhCBB cuacay ~uphQngtrendfftxamthunh~ntrongthinghi~mnayla giatJi du'dngnghlala anangCBB thongnhUngbiltrUlu'QngN du'QcIffydi quah~tmacongiatang u'<;1ngN chodfft.Tuy nhientheocackhaoCUukhacnhauchothffylQi ich tU'CBBI . Icuad~uphQngdao dQngra'tWn-34 de'n+64kgN/ha/V1,l[51], [84] va co th~bi ItacdQngnhi~uly donhu':milaV1,l,hamlu'Qngnitrattrongda't,thie'uhl;ltcha'tdinh 'duBngKe'tquadu'ongtinhthunh~ntrongthl!Cnghi~mnayco th~la dokha DangCBB caocuacacgi6ngd~uphQngco ti~mDangtrenda'txamcilngvdi sl! clingcffpchfftdinhdu'Ong(P, Ca, K..) dftyduo Nhu'v~yke'tquachotha'ygi6ngLy dia phu'onghi~nnaytrent:hitru'Clngda thoaiboanghiemtrQngdftntdiDangsufftvakhaDangc6dinhd~mthffp.Ngu'Qc l~icacgi6ngco ti~mDangchoDangsufftva khaDangCBB cao!renda'txam. Gi6ngtri€n vQngnhffttrenda'txamla gi6ngLy tuy€nchQn,trongkhi dogi6ng Senlai chu'aphilhQpvdidi~uki~ndfftdaivakhih~uwng nay.Cacgi6ngnh~p nQitU'lCRISAT (lCVG 91123va 1660)m~cdu choDangsufftva kha DangCBB caonhUngDencftndu'QCtie'p~c tintnghi~mtrongvai V1,ld€ xac d!nh v~kha DangthichungIaudaicuachungtrenwng dfftxamBongNamBQ. 113 3.2. ? Anh htiO'ngcaefigureDt6dinhd1iOngde'nDangsufftvakhaDangCBB cuad~uphQngtrendfftxam 3.2.1.Anh h1ilJngcuaN din niingsuittvakhdniingc6dinkd{JmdljuphlJng N la nguyento'cffnthietchosinhtru'dngva phattri€n, clingnhuyell to' quyetdiOOsinhkh6i vanangsua'tcuacitytr6ng.Hi~nnaytrenthegiOimQtlU<;5ng IOnphanN dang sii'dt;mgnhAmtangnang sua'tcho cay tr6ng,nhungdi~unay khongOOunggay langphi IOnmacongay0 nhi€m moi tru'angnghiemtrQng,d:;ic bi~tla lU<;5ngNO3 trongtftngnudcngftmra'tcao d nhungnoi bon N w<;5tmuc [164],[251].Cay hQd~uthongquaquatrinhcQngsinhvoi Rhizobiumdo do lU<;5ngN clingca'pchocaychuyellkhaiiliactirquatrlnhCBB. Tuy OOienqua trlnhCBB bi anhhudngbdinhi~umcnhankhacnhau,trongdolu<;5ngN trongda't cOanhhu'dngquailtrQngdenquatrlnhnay.MQtso'baacaochorAngm:;icdli cay hQd~ucokha nangCBB m~nh,nhungphaicffnmQtlU<;5ngN bandftud€ cay sinh. tru'dngkhi mas\!'cQngsinhchuadU<;5Cthietl~pho:;ickhanangCBB ra'ttha'ptrong. thai gian dffu [238].NhungkhaoCUunongnghi~ptrenthegioi cho tha'ylu<;5ng bonN thichh<;5pchocayhQd~ula 20-30kgN/ha[108],[164],[166].Cac thi nghi~mnonghQcd Vi~tNamtru'dcdayclingchotha'yrAngd~uphQngtrenda't xamlienbonkhoang20-30kgN/ha[4],[15,[22].Tuynhiencacs6li~unaydon thuffnv~m:;itnonghQcchuacokhaocUunaotlmhi€u v~aOOhudnglu'<JngN den quatriOOCBB cuad~uphQng,clingnhu'chuaphananhmQtcachthuyetphvc li~ulu<JngbOnphanN chod~uphQngtrenda'txamnhuthenaola h<;5ply? Do chuaco thongtin dangtin c~yliend mQts6 noi nongdanthuangbOn40-50 kgN/hava th~mchiconoibon70-80kgN/hachod~uphQngtrenda'txam[17]. Xua'tphattirva'nd~khoahQCvath\1cti~ntrenchungtoi sii'dvngky thu~td6ngvi daubdffu 15Nd€ tim hi€u anhhuangcua li~u lu'<JngphanN toi napg sua't,kha nangCBB cuad~uphQngtrenda'txam.M:;itkhacthongquaky thu~tnaychung 114 toimu6ntlmhi€u st!phanb6N-phanvaocacthanhphftncuacaydingnhukhao satluQngN t6ndQngtrongdfftquamQtmiiasinhtru'dngnhAmxacdiuhmQt luQngphanN hQp1:9'chocayd~uphQngtrendfftxam. ? ' 3.2.1.1.Anhhuangcuacaeli~uluqngN denniingsudtvakhdniingCBB s6li~u thunh~nchothffyvoi luQngphanN giatangtii'10-40kgN/hada anhhudngmi;\nhmede'nDangsufftcay.M~cdii sinhkh6icaykhonggiatang dangk€, nhu'ngco st!khacbi~tco ynghlad LSD P =0,05 v€ Dang sufft.Nang suattangcaonhattrong2 nghi~mthucbon20va30kgN/hanhunggiamdluQng bon40kgN/ha(Bang11).Nangsuatdi;\tcaonhat(3,01tan/ha)d luQngbon20 kgN/ha,trongkhidoDangsuatgiamd luQngbon40kgN/ha(2,79tan/ha).Bi€u naychothayd~uphQngtrendatxamchichoDangsuatcaonhatdmQtluQngbon N vItaphai, mQtluQngbonN vu'QtrQidftnWi giamDangsuatcay. Ke'tquanay phil hQpvOicacbaocaochor~ngDangsuatcuacaccay hQd~ugia tangkhi bon phanN voi luQngvitadu [164],[166],nhu'ngnguQeIi;\imQts6mcgiachor~ng ~ong co st!daplingv€ DangsuatkhibonphanN [308],[309].NhungIy dod€ giaithichchost!khaenhaunaythlkhongra rang.Caetilegiaehor~ngdodi€u ki~nsinhtru'dng,tht!cte'eanhtae,muedQbandftucuadQphIdat,st!n6tsftnhoa khongdftydu, st!YAngm~teuachungBradyrhizobiumtrongdathaythoigian bonphanN [107],[232].MQtli€u bonphandi;\mcaosekhonggia tangDangsuat mangu'<JeIi;\ilamgiamIu'QngN-f6 dinhdu'<Jegiai thichquaco che'ueche'enzym Nase [161],[312].Muc dQuc ehe'ph1;lthuQevao cay ehu,chungRhizobium,tu6i cay, Iu'Qngva di;\ngb6nphanN, vi tri Mn cho cay (b6n vao dat hay phun)va nhi€u ye'ut6moi tru'ong[231]. 115 Ket quachothftyst,tichlilYN trongcacthanhph~ncuadiy clingthayd6i dangk€ IDeoIU<;1ngN bon,tangm~nhd IU<;1ngbon20kgNnhungl~ighlm30va 40kgN/hadi~unayco nghIala li~uIU<;1ngN vu<;1tmlic se anhhudngsinhtru'dng ? vakhananghapthuN tUcacngu6nkhacnhau.aIU<;1ngbon N thich h<;1p(20 kgN/ha)IU<;1ngN tich lilY d~tcaonhftt197kgN/ha, trongkhi do CJIU<;1ngbonN thftphon (10kgN/ha)haycaohon(40kgN/ha) IU<;1ngN tichlilY bi sur giamdang k€ (172va 179kgN/ha).Nhuv~yIU<;1ngphanN <lnh ttdngden s1.1hftpthuN tU cacngu6nkhacnhauvacoIe lu<;1ngphanN thapkhongduduytri st,tphcitri€n cuacaykhi s1.1cQngsinhchuabatd~uho::tcngu<;1cl~i!tt<;1ngN caoticchequa trinhCBB trongcaythongquaki~mhamho~tinhcuaNase[276]. Banf[ 11. Anh huJng cila cae ldu ht<;mgN din nang setalva khd nang CDD. LU<;1ngphan Sinh Wing N-tich LuanaN-. '" N b6n* kh6'i sua't Iuy 15Na.e Ndff Ndfs Ndfa c6dnh kgN/ha ta'nlha ta'nlha kgN/ha % % % % kgN/ha ION+Rhi.** 6,55 2,77 172 0,237 4,78 60,80 34.42 59 (D6ichUng) 20N+Rhi. 6,89 3,01 197 0,366 7,32 46,53 46,15 91 . (8,66) (14,53) (54,23) 30N +Rhi. 6,60 2,98 187 0,658 13,24 46,14 40,62 76 (7,58) (8,72) (28,81) 40N +Rhi. 6,57 2,79 179 0,655 13,60 43,22 43,17 77 (0,72) (4,06) (30,50) ( LSD P =0,05 0,29 0,10 7 0,055 3,2 7 4,1 8 *Phdnnn : 60 P2Os,40K2O,400CaD,30MgO (kglha) **Rhizobium: duc;cbondumdc;mghuyn phil (](I tt bclO/ml)vmlur;ngbon300 lit/ha 116 M6i quailh~giii'ali~ub6nN vdinangsuath~tvatichIuyN IDeohamb~c 3,nhungst!tu'ongquailthap(R2=0,49- 0,59).Nhuv~yr6rangd6id~uphQng trenda'txamkhongc6m6itu'ongquailgiii'anangsuath~tva tichIuyN vdi li~u IuQngphftnN tit10-40kgNlha. Khi gia tangIuQngb6nphanN c6 st!gia tangv~%Ndff 0 li€u bontU10- 30 N (%Ndff=4,78-13,24%)nhungkhongtang0 li€u bon 40 N (%Ndff= 13,60%).Nhuv~y"r6rangIuQngb6n40N Ia duthttavacaykhonghapthutrong quatrlnhsinhtrUong,dod6Iuqngbon40kgNlhachod~uph<?ngtrendatxamIa khonghi~uqua.NguqcI~isvgia tangli€u bonN segiam%NdfstU60,80% (IuQngbon 10N) xu6ng32,23%(luqngb6n40N). Trongkhi do vi~cgiatang IuQngphanbonN tU10-40kgNlhathi%NdfachIgiatang0 IuQng20kgN (46%) nhungV;ligiam0 cacli€u bon30va40kgN.Nhuv~ykhanangCBB cuad~u phQngtrendatxamchId~tgiatricaonhat0 li~ub6n20N, li€u bonthaphon(10 N) khongduthucdftyquatrlnhCBB ho~c0 li€u boncao(30va40N) seticche quatrlnhnay(ffinh12). Cac nhanghiencUuchodug IuQngcuaN-c6dinhduQcdi€u boaboica %NdfavaIuQngN tichIuytrongcay[232],[239].Trongh~canhlac0 vilngchau AIuQngN thuduQcthongquaquatrlnhCBB thudngcaohonluQngN bi lo~ibe khi thuho~ch ~t[232].Tuynhiendost!doiheiN trongcaccayhQd~uleucao nha'tkhih~tdangphattrl6ntrongkhidoIuQngN hapthutitda'tvatitCBB trong su6tchuky naythudngIakhongdaydud€ thoamanyetiCalinayvi theN tUco quaildinhdu'OngduQcv~nchuy6nd6hinhthanhproteintrongh~t.LuQngN la'y " tUcoquaildinhduongc6Ieducaod6giamho~tdQngquanghQp,~onensf!suy giam0 Ia trUongthanhvagiamho~td<?ngr€, dftnWi hi~uquaIa giamnangsuat. Do d6ngoaikhanangCBB vaN hapthutitdat,N phanbonphaicanthietduqc themvaochocayhQd~ud€ d~tnangsua't6ida[168].TuynhienkhanangCBB 117 cuacaccay he.>d~uthuCfngbi giamkhi bonn6ngdqcaophanN vo cd du<Jcquail satbdi OOUngtacgia khacOOau[41],[115].M~ckhacs11khacbi~tv~nhC;lycam cuakhaDangCBB vdiphanN xayragiuavatrongnhungIoaicayhe.>d~u[79], [108],[161].CacOOanghiencUuchorangs11bonphanN vdi li~ulu<Jngcaose aOOhuangleuquatrlnhn6tsftnboa,dodolu<JngbonphanN tit40-60kgN/ha du<JckhuyencaotaklmhamquatriOOCBB [152],[252].Trongkhi dovdi Iu<Jng quanhophanN giatangs11hinhthaOOva chti'cDangcuan6tsftnnhU'ngkhongtC;lo fa Dangsua't6i da.Gatesva Muller, 1979[140]chotha'yqua trlnh n6t sftnhoa cayhe.>d~ubi anhhuangOOUngdi~uki~ndinhduongkhongcanbangv~N, P va S va do do kha DangCBB chi bi anhhuangbdi nguyent6khoangN vdi s11hi~n di~nmti'ccaocuaP va S.Mqt s6lac gianh~ntha'ydings11OOC;lycamv~khanang CBB vdi OOungyell t6nhuIu<JngphanN nhungmqts6lacgia chorangP va S co th€ aOOhuangdens11surgiamnay[139],[140].Nhuv?y trens6li~uthunh~n. chung~toiOO?ntha'yIu<JngphanN ro rangmcdqngdenkha DangCBB cuad~u phqngtrenda'txam.Gia tri CBB caonha'td li€u bon20 N (N-c6 dinh=91 kgN/ha),OOungiamdli~ubon30va40N (N-c6dinh=76-77kgN/ha).S11sur giamnaymantheohamb~c3 voi s11tU'dngquailkhacaoR2=0,72 (Hinh 13). Nhu v~ym~cdtigiii'aDangsua'thC;ltva Iu<JngN tichIuy vdi Iu<JngN khongcom6i tU'dngquail,nhungngu<JcIC;ligiuaIu<JngN-c6dinhva li~ubOnphanN co m6i tU'dngquailra'tch~tche,di~u.nayth€ hi~nrAngmcdqngcuaphanN aOOhuang mC;lOOmedenkha DangCBB d~uphqngtrenda'txam. 118 IDnh 12. AnhhuangLMuLu(/ngphanN Lensl!hapthuN titcac ngu6n D Ndfs !!IINdff 0 Ndfa-__d ~ ()Q z ::r ~ 220 200 180 160 140 120 1 _//- 100-- 80 60 40 20 0 ION 20N 30N 40N Li€u llt<;fngN (kg NA1a) IDnh 13.TudngquangiilaLu(/ngN-c6djnhvaaiu b6nphanN cUad4upMng 110 100 ~5X) -=e00 ~70 Cro ~ 50..... ~ 40'<0 U 30 Z 20 10 0 0 0 0 0 y =o,<m91?-o,7625l +19,863x- 7l,25 ~=o,7278 10 20 30 40 50 Ufu lutfngN (kgNha) 119 ~.2.1.2.Anh hLlangligulLl{fngN tfJi sf!phanb5N-phantrongcayvadat S1!phanb6N-phanvao cacthanhph~ncuacaykhi gia tang1u'<JngphanN ;fingdu'<Jckhaosat.K€t quath~hi~nngu6nN titphanchuy€u ~p trungvaoh~t vaphanb6 vaocacthanhph~ncuadiy theotY l~nhusan:h~t(50%)>da"t(25%) >thanla (18%)>r€ (I %) (Bang 12). LSDP=0,05 Thanlei H~t Re Ba't Tha'tthaat 0,49 0,60 0,046 0,611 1,765 1,118 1,161 0,140 BanI! 12. S¥phdnb6N hOpthutitpoontrongdlydt),uphQngtTenMt xam LuQngN bon Phanb6N-phan %Ndff Ndff % saluQngN kgNlha trangcay& da't kgNlha bonvaa Thanhi 5,70 2,440 22 Ht 4,54 5,605 50 ION Re 2,42 0,143 1 Ba't 0,25 2,941 26 Tha'thaclt o 0 Thanlei 8,56 4,150 20 Ht 6,98 9,962 49 20N Re 6,42 0,376 2 Ba't 0,50 6,036 29 Tha'thaeit 0 o - Thanlei 14,45 6,156 19 Ht 12,84 17,925 56 30N Re 11,02 0,596 2 Ba't 0,56 7,293 23 Tha'thaat o 0 Thanla 14,52 6,477 16 Ht 13,30 17,187 43 40N Re 11,50 0,594 1 Ba't 0,96 12,410 31 Tha'thaat 3,332 8 120 Ke'tquathunh~nchothfty1u'<:JngN-phanvaocay va N t6ndQngtrongdftt se tu'dngquail tuye'ntinh.voi1u'<:JngphanN bon voi st!tu'dngquail rfftcaDR2= 0,94(Hlnh 14).Nhu'v~yro rangvi~cbon 1u'<:JngN caDse khongco l<:Jichocay d~uphQngtrendftt.xamvllu'<:JngN con l~itrongdfttcay khongthehftpthu.B~c bi~tvoi 1u'<:Jngbon40N chothffyco st!thfftthoatN trongh~canhlac.51!thfft thoatN thongquah~canhlac cay hQd~uco the tit st!ro n, denitrathoa (denitrification),thoathdiquaNH3vanhungtie'ntrlnhnay du'<;jcdi~uboaboi cac ye'uto' nhu'thanhphanphan,1u'<:Jngbon,thoigian,phu'dngphapbonphanN,kieu dfft,pH, 1u'<:Jngmu'avanhi~tdQ[239]. ffinh 14. TlI(fng quan gii1aliiu 11l(1ngphan N vtJi 11l(1ngN-phCin VaGcay va t6n d9ng trongdtft. y =1.1752xo.S493 R2 =0.9474 y=0.311xo.972 R2 =0.9464 .N-phanvao cay N-phan vaodlt 5 10 15' 20 25 30 35 40 45 Lieu luqngphanN (kgNlha) Nhu'v~ytrendfttxam thoaihoa lu'<;fngphan20 kgNlha la thichh<:Jpnhfft cho d~uphQngtrendfttxamt~oDangsufftva kha DangCBB caDnhftt.Nhung li€u b6nN thffp(10kgNlha)ho~ccaD(40kgNlha)se lam ghimDangsufftvakha DangCBB. B~cbi~tvoi lu'<;jngb6nphanN caD(40kgNlha) se d~nde'nquatrlnh thatthoatN vaklm hamkhaDangCBB cuacay. 30 25 20 Cd -E Z 15 Of) 10 5 0 , 0 122 ? 3.2.2.1.AnhhuangcuacaeZiJuZu(1ngP Zensinhkhoi,nangsuat,tlchZuy-Nva-P Ke'tquachothftysinhkh6iva Dangsufttbie'nd(>ngm~nhme IDeoli€u bi<;lngphanphospho.Sinhkh6i va Dangsufttgia tangkhi gia tangl1i<JngP tU0-90 kgP2Osihanhu'ngl~igiamd lu'<Jng120P2Osiha(Bang13). LSD P =0,05 0,778 0,417 2,605 31 *Phann€n : 20N (+Rhizobium),40KzO,400CaOva30MgO Nhu'v~yli€u l1i<Jngphosphothie'uhay du'thuad€u lam giam sinhkh6iva Dangsufttcayd~uph(>ngtrendfttxam.Ke'tquachothftyd lu'<Jngbon 90kg P2Os sechosinhkh6ivaDangsuftth~td~uph(>ngtrendfttxamcaonhftt,tang24,99- , 26,08%sod6ichung.Tuynhienm6itu'dngquailgiifasinhkh6iva Dangsufttvdi lu'ng0,39- 0,42dLSD 0,05. Bangll. Anh huangcaeldu lur;ngP din sinhkhcIi,ni'ingsudt,richluy P vaN du phQng. Nghim thuc Sinhkh6i Wing sua'th£.lt P-tich luy N-tich luy kgPzOslha ta'nlha ta'nlha kg Plha kg Nlha 0PzOs 5,884 2,377 11,385 165 (B6i chung)* 30PzOs 6,301 2,615 12,807 180 (7,08) (10,01) (12,49) (9,09) 60PzOs 6,292 2,720 13,647 194 (6,93) (14,42) (19,86) (17,57) 90PzOs 7,419 2,971 15,096 210 (26,08) (24,99) (32,59) (27,27) 120PzOs 6,605 2,773 13,878 186 (12,25) (16,65) (21,89) (12,72) 123 SailN, phosphola nguyento'tn;mgye'uchoquatrlnhsinhtntdngvaphat 'In cuadiy valaye'ut6cauthanhDangsuat.SI1nchlilYN vaP lamQtquatrlnh ie'ndu'Onglaudai quas1;1'hap thutll'r~hayquamnhCBB va chuycinhoathanh Iha'tdinhdu'Ongcho cay. Ke'tqua cho thayluQngN va P tich lilY gia tangtheo 'qngbonphosphotll' 0-90P20Snhu'ngl~iguygiama luQngbon 120P2Os.Nhu' ~yrorangvdiH€.ubon90kgP2Os/hachod~uphQnglIendatxamla t6iu'Unhat ~ntdis1;1'nchlilYN (210kgN/ha)vaP (15kgP/ha)caonhatvuQtd6i changtit 6-32%.Nhii'ngluQngP bonthapsekhongduchonhud.u sinhtntangvaphcit lln chocay,clingnhulieubonP caosedu'thilacoth€ gaydQcchocay.S6li~u 'dogtt;lcuanhi€u lacgiachothayco sl1giatangdangkciv€ sinhkh6i,P nch uy,vaN nchlilY trongcayhq d~ukhi nhi€m VAM, chungRhizobiumva bon hanphospho[276].Bell vcs,1989chothayd~uphQngtr5nglIen datdoOxisol angkhananghapthuP dftntdigiatangDangsuatkhigiatangli€u bonP,nhUng hid~ta ngu'Ong140kgP2Os/ha.Nguoitachor?lngvi~cbonphanphosphovoi 6ngdQcaolamgiamm~tdQqu§nthcicuavAM [170],tuynhien s1;1'gia tangP 'de'nguongt6iliUset~onhi€u r~chinhva r~ph~dodogia tangs11s~nco cuar~ chos1;1't~oqu§n th€ YAM. 3.2.2.2.AnhcuaCClcliJu fuqngP fenhapthuN titcacngu8n Khi gia tangluQngbon phosphotll'0-90P2Oskhongd~nWi s11gia tang %Ndffva %Ndfs, nhungkhi d htQngbon P cao (120P2Os)se gia tangnhti'ng thongs6naydi€u naychothayluQngP caoDchthichs1;1'hapthuN tirphanva da'tchocay(Bang14). 124 Bang 14.AnhhuiJngldu luqngphosphodenSI!hfipthuN titcaengu6n. L<;1ifchtitc6 Nghi~mthac lsN a.e. Ndff Ndfs Ndfa dinhd~m kg P20s/ha % % % % kgN/ha kgN/ha 0P20S 0,178 3,55 13,19 83,26 138 +27 30P2Os 0,152 3,05 11,26 85,69 155 +34 (12,32)* 60P2Os 0,164 3,27 10,65 86,08 166 +38 (20,28) 90P2Os 0,172 3,43 12,51 84,06 186 +44 (34,78) 120P2Os 0,236 4,72 20,85 74,43 139 +9 (0,72) LSD P =0,05 0,044 0,88 4,29 4,94 27 8 Tuongt\!nhu%Ndff va %Ndfs,%Ndfakhongd6i d lu<;jngbon 0 - 90P20S (%Ndfa=83,26- 84,06%)nhunggiiimd lu<;jngbon 120P20S(%Ndfa=74,43%) di~unaychothftyrarangIi~uP caodaucche'quatrinhCBB cuad~uphqnglIen dfttxam. M~cd~u%Ndfathayd6inhogiii'acacnghi~mthuc,nhltngdocos.,khac bi~tv~t6ngIu<;jngN-tichIuydodoIu<;jngN-c6dinhcos.,khacbi~tdangk~giii'a cacli~ubonphiinphospho.s6li~uthunh~nchothftykhiinangCBB d~uphqng lIendfttxampht;lthuqcvaoIuqngP bonvaovachimqtIu<;jngphiinphosphothich h<;jp(90kgP2Os)chokhiinangc6dinhd~mcaonhftt(N-c6d!nh=186kgNlha) mng35%sovdid6ichung.Caclu<;jngbonP thftpbon(0-90kgP20S)colekhong 125 i~yduchonhuc~uP caDcuacayHimgiamkhanangCBB va htQngboncaD :120kgPzOs)seticche'quatrlnhnay(IDnh15). IDnh 15. linh hlliJngcuacaezduZll{JngphosphoZenSl!hapthuN titcaenguo'n Bi~unaymqts6lac gia giai thichding sl1clingc~pP th~plam gidi h<;lngia tangdi~ntich1£1trongcayhQd~uva sl1gia tangP setangdi~ntich1£1trQgiupt6c dqCBB caD.VaInqts6lacgiakhacchodingvi~cbonP thichhQpsegiatang quanh~cqngsinhdoi trongcayhQd~u(vdiRhizobiumtrongquatrlnhCBB va vdiVAM trongh~pthuP) va giii'achungco hi~uquatrl1ctie'pvdi nhau[219]. KhanangCBB giatangsel~thuqcVaGP, vam~tdinbftngdinhdu'Ongmathong thu'ongnh~trongcayhQd~ula sl1thie'uhvtP [219].Mo n6ts~ntrongdiy hQd~u co th~chlian6ngdq P caDgffp5 l~nsovdi cacmodinhdu'ongkhac,va ho<;lttinh cuaNaseco yellc~uP caDvdi khoang21 molATP bie'nd6i thanhADP trong vi~ckhli'1molNz.Khi cayd~uphqngtr6ngtrend~tngheoP ho<;ltdqngcuan6t 2401' 0 Ndfs II Ndff 0 Ndfa 220 200 180 ;::<;'" 160 (JC 14°/1 1m I I 116611186IiZ 120/// , " ";',, 1139==- / A...n, 155 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 30 60 90 120 Liu lu<;mgP (kgP205/ha) 126 s~nkhongbi guygiamtronggiaido~n4loh~tvar€ vanduytrlh~pthuP titd~t d~duytrikhanangCBB caodgiaido~nnay[31]. Khaosatv~m6itu'dngquailgiii'aIu'<JngN-c6dinhva Iu'<JngP bonchung toi nh~nth~ygiii'achungco m6itu'dngquailtheehamb~c3 vdi s11tu'dngquail caovdi Rz=0,71(Hlnh 16). ffinh 16. Mol tltUngquangiila lllf/llgN-c6dinhva lllf/llgphanphospho 240 220-- ~ 200cE Z 180co 0 160 ~ 140 Q 10' 120 '<8 100 ~ :~ J ' :g. 40 ~ 20 0 0 0 0 y =-O.OOO2X3+O.O231x2- O.1672x+ 139.32 R2 =0.7144 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 Lu<;1ngphanPhospho(kgP205/ha) Nhu'v~yqua s11tu'dngquail nay chungta th~yding lu'<JngN-c6 dinhgia tangtheoli~uphosphova d~tghi tri c11cd~ikhi d~uphQngdu'<Jcbon Iu'<JngP thichh<Jpnhu'ngkhi giatanglu'<JngP sedantdigiamIu'<JngN-c6dinh.Co Ie do thie'uho~cdu'thaalu'<JngP danWi11'cche'ho~tdQngcuaNagetrongn6ts~n.Do s1[guygiamkhanangCBB d li~ubOnP th~p(0- 60PzOs)va bi 11'cche'd li~uMn cao(120PzOs)nenI<JichtitCBB giamror~td cacnghi~mthacnay(Bang14). B~cbi~td li~u120PzOsgiatrinaychid~t+9kgN/ha,trongkhidogiatrid~tcao nh~td Iu'<Jngb6n90PzOsla +44kgN/ha.Nhu'v~yvdi khii nangCBB caokhi 127 du'<;1Cb6n lu'<;1ngP h<;1ply thll<;1iich CBB cua d~uphQngtren dfftxam co th€ bu l~i lu'<;1ngN mfftdi qua h~tva b6i du'5ngcho dfftmQtlu'<;1ngN kha cao tit + 9 -+44 kgN/ha/vt:!ne'uph~n.thanla du'<;1cd€ l~itrend6ngl1lQng.Bay la mQtthongs6r~t co gia tri la cd sdd€ daubgia hi~uquacuacayd~uphQngtrongcd cffucaytr6ng trenvungdfftxamthoaiboanhAmthie'tl~pmQtn€n nongnghi~pb€n vungtren vungdfftnay. ? 3.2.3.AnhkulIngeaeliiu lll{lngK denniingsootvakho:niingelfdinkdf!-m Trongvungnhi~tdoiquatrinhCBB cQngsinhthu'ongbi anhhu'dngm~nh mebdinhi~tdQcaovadQfill dfftkhongd~ydu,dododaanhhuangs11s6ngs6t cuacacloaiRhizobium,vas11tangtrUdngcaychu[163],[238].Kali 13.nguyent6 tr<;mgye'uchotfftca sinhv~ts6ng,d~cbi~ttrongcaytr6ngK thamgia vaonhung quatrinhsinhh6ava sinhly, s11tangtru'dng,s11t6nt~icua te'bao, s11v~nchuy€n va duy tr!the'thfimthffu.Du'oinhungstressmoi trUongK giup cay c6 th€ Vu'<;1t quas11nguyh~ivoi mQtchirngm11cnaod6 c6 y nghiadodo gia tangsinhtrUong vatangnangsufftcay[111].S11bonphanK giatangtYso'thanla/r~coynghIa, d~cbi~tvoi nbungstressmoitrUong,bdivi K duytrimQtthe'thfimthftuvagia tangphattrl€n cay.Cho de'nnayngu'oitadabie'tnhi€u v~nhii'ngvai trc sinhh6a va sinhly cuaK ding nhu'trongs11t6ngh<;1pproteinva trongcd che'dongmdkhf kh6ng,nhu'ngnguoitavitnchu'abie'tnoc6trongthanhph~ncuanhungh<;1pchfft hii'ucdtrQngye'utrongcayhaykhong.B~cbi~t13.chu'alamsangtovaitrc>cuaK trongvi~cthucdfiyquatrinhcQngsinhva giatangkhanangCBB cayhQd~u. Nhungs6li~unonghQctru'ocdaytrendfftxamchorAnglu'<;1ngbonkhoang40-60 kg K2O/hala thichh<;1p[3],[5],[15]tuynhiencacso'li~unaychuath€ hi~nro netv~quailh~giuali~ub6nK voinangsufftvakhanangCBB cuacay. 128 Do dokhaosatv~vai trocuanguyento'K dennrmgsufttvakhanangCBB se chonhungthongso'cogiatri trongvi~ctimkiembi~nphapt6iu'Uboaquatrinh CBB diy d~uphQngtrendfttxam. KetquachothftybiQngK tacdQngm<;1nhmelensinhkh6i,nangsuath<;1t va tichlilY N. S6li~ughi nh~nchothftyco s11gia tangcaethongso'naykhi luQng bonK tangtU0-120K2O/ha.Nhungchunghi suygiamkhi d luQngbon Kali vuQt mile150kgK2O/ha.Bi~unaychothftyv6iluQngbonthftpK (0-90K2O/ha)hay duthua(150K2O/ha)d~ulamgiamnangsufttcuadiy (Bang15). * Phan n~n: 20N (+Rhizobium),90P2Os,400CaO, 30MgO Bani! 15.Anh htt?tngcualitu Ltt(JngKali Lennangsu{[tvakhdnangd/ dtnhd(lmdtJuphQng. Lt/<;1ngphan Sinh Nang N-tich Kalibon kh6i suilth<;1t lug 15Na.e Ndff Ndfs Ndfa kgK2O/ha g/chiiu glchiiu mgN/ch % % % % mgN/ch 0K2O* 50,8 22,1 1313 0,074 1,48 18,35 80,18 1053 (D6ichUng) 30K20 56,0 24,9 1537 0,082 1,64 20,34 78,03 1227 (17,06) (16,52) 60K20 55,4 25,8 1668 0,076 1,52 18,91 79,55 1327 (27,03) (26.02) 90K20 60,8 27,7 1850 0,071 1,43 17,73 80,85 1496 (40,89) (42,07) 120K20 64,3 29,4 1984 0,071 1,44 17,85 80,71 1601 (51,10) (52,04) 150K20 49,3 21,0. 1402 0,058 1,15 13,31 85,54 1181 (6,77) (12,15) LSD P =0,05 8 4.6 361 NS 0,34 1,74 4.59 299 129 Vdi hl'<JngbonK thichh<Jp,d~uphQngtrendfitxamchotichluy N cao nhfit,Uing51,10%sovdid6ichung.CacnhanghiencU'uchorangdiy d~uphQng conhucftukali thfipsovdidiy d~unanh,nhungvdik€t quanaychothfiyd~u phQngtrendfitxamconhucftuK rfitcao.Nhuv~ytrendfitxamb~cmallvaitra cuaK rfitquailtrqngtrongvi~cmngnangsufitvarichluyN chodiy. s6li~unay philh<Jpvdikhaosatchodingciiyd~uphQngcos1;(daplingtr1;(cti€p vdi s1;(bon phanK khi lu<JngK sAnco trongdfitthfip[297].Tuy nhienkhi IU<;5ngK gia tang caovu<Jtmilc se la lac nhangay dQCtinhcho cay,di~unay th6hi~nr6 netbdi nhungnghiencU'utrend6ngruQngBangAlabama,My chothfiyd~uphQngcho nangsufitcaokhibon200kgKzOlhanhungnangsufitbi surgiamkhi bonlu<Jng K vu<Jtmuc.Trongkhidod An BQ,K hi€m khicftnnhungnguoitavftnbonK de baodamd~uphQngchonangsufitcao.NhungnghiencU'ugftndaychothfiythanh phftndftu,n6ngdQprotein,vanangsufitcuacayd~uphQngd vungnhi~tddigia tangkhi bontren20kg KzOlha[192].K€t quanayphilh<Jpvdi khaocU'ucua Walker,1979chodingco s1;(surgiamnangsufitcuad~uphQngkhi bonK li~u cao130kgKzOIha,.B~cbi~tla nhungthinghi~nc~nth~nthvchi~nlaudaitrong 30namchothfiynangsufitd~uphQng iatangkhibonlu<Jngkali t6i thieula24 kg KzOlha [79].Bi~ucftnnhfinm~nhla cacs6li~ughinh~nchothfiyco s1;(tu'ong quailch~tchetheohamb~c3"giUaN-tichIuyvdili~ubonK vdiRz=0,79.Nhu v~yr6 rangla K co vai trc,quailtrqngchonangsufitd~uphQngdfitxam,va lu<Jng duthuaK dftnWigiamnangsufitdangke.NhU'ngthongs6gillnh;j.nthongquaky thu~td6ngvidanhdfiu15Nchothfiy%Ndffva%Ndfschi€mtY l~rfitthfiptrong t6ngIu<;5ngN cuacayvakhongd6ikhigiatanglu<JngbonK tU0-120KzOlha. 130 IDnh 17.linh huangcila caeliiu luqngK ZenS{thapthuN titcaengu6n. 1601 DNdfs II Ndff 0 Ndfa 1496 1227" 1327 1053 = 1181! 0 30 60 90 120 150 Li~u lu'qngK (kg K20/ha) Nhu'ngthongs6naygiamdangk~a 1u'<;1ngbon 150K2O. Nhu'v~yra rang riing 1u'<;1ngbon K cao se klm hamsv hffpthuN tit ngu6nphan va dfft.M~cdil %Ndfakhongkhacbi~tcoynghiaaLSD 0,05gifi'acaenghi~mthilckhi giatang lu'qngbonK (%Ndfa=78,03-85,54%)nhungdo IU<;1ngN-tich luy thayd6idangk~ vdi caeli~ubonK, dodolu'<;1ngN-c6 dinhgia tangtheo1u'<;1ngbon0 - 120K2Ova giama 1u'<;1ngbon150K2Olha(Hinh17).Nhu'v~yK anhhuangm~nhmede'n khanangCBB d~uphQngtrendfftxam.KhanangCBB tangm~nhkhigiatang IU<;1ngbon0-120K20lhanhu~giam(j luQngbon150K2O/ha.S6li~ugillnh~ cho thffyvdi 1u'<;1ngphan K thichh<;1p(120K2O/ha)d~uphQngtrendfftxam se tangluQngN-c6 dinh len 52,04%sovdi BC. Nhu v~yn6ngdQK thffphayvu'<;1t milera ranganhhu'angm~nhmetie'ntrlnhCBB cayd~uphQngtrendfftxam. KhanangCBB bi suygiamcoIe dovi~cgiams6n6ts§.n(j cayd~uphQngkhi bonK vdili~ucao[209].Khi Iu'QngK thie'ud~ntdi quatrlnhv~nchuy~nN-c6 1inhtirn6ts§.nWicdquailsinhsancuacayhQd~ubi suygiam[201].Vdi lu<;1ng 2000 1800 1600 1400 S 1200(JQ Z 1000() ::r" oPJ) 800 c:: 600 400 200 0 131 PvaK thichhQplamtr!hoans1;1'che'tl~ncuan6ts~nbangeachtangs61u'Qngn6t s~nva tangcu'ongho~tunhcuaNaseda:ntdigia tangkhaDangCBB. Vdi luQng bonK thichhQpseduytr!s1;1'6ndinhenzymva v~nchuy~ncha'tquanghQptrong quatrinhsinhtru'dngcay.Ngoai ra K anhhu'dngm~nhmede'nquatrinhCBB bdi vlnocovai trotrongvi~chlnhthanhn6ts~nvaDangcaokhaDangch6ngchin cuacaytr6ngd6ivdicaestressmoi'tru'ong[256].Caes6li~uthunh~nchotha'y com6itu'dngquaDb~c3 vdi s1;1'tu'dngquaDcao(RZ=0,87)giualu'QngN-c6dinh vali~ubon K (Hinh 18).Nhu'v~yvdi nhungke'tqua thunh~nchothftyvai tro K ratquaDtrQngchovi~ctangDangsua'tvakhaDangc6dinhd~mcuad~uphQng trenda'txam.Tuy nhienchi DenbOnli~uIu'QngthichhQpla 120KzO/hane'u luQngbonK khongd~yduho~cdu'thilad~uda:nWi guygiamDangsufttvakha nangCBB cuacay. ffinh 18. Tztangquangiila lztr;mgN-c6 dinkvoi liiu lzlfJngKali 3000- 2700 - 2400 - 2100: :::I <~.1800- .s::: .Q 1500-Z E 1200i 900J 600. 300. O. y =-0.OOlx3+ 0.1554x2- 1.0192x+ 1075.9 R2 =0.8684 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 LuQngKalib6n(kgK20lha) 132 ? 3.2.4.AnhhullngeuaCadin nangsuittvakhonangelfdinhd{lm Canxila nguyent6tr9ngye'utronghftuhe'ts11thie'uh~tchfftdinhduong trennhii'ngdfftthoaiboa,b~cm~lU.Th~tv~yCalamcaysinhtrltdngkhoevaphat trie'nthichhQpt~oh~tcochfftlu9ngcaD.Nhii'ngcongtrinhnghiencUuchothiy Ca co y nghlaIon laD trongvi~ccling cffpmQtcan bangthich hQpvoi nhung nguyent6khacbell trongcay.Cay d~uphQngthuongtr5ngtrendatcatma thuongtrendatcatluQngCa trongdatrfftthffpdodatcatcokhaDangkhonggioi h~ntrongvi~cclingcffpCa,dodod~nWic~nki~tCa ne'ukhongb6xungCatU phanbon.M~tkhacn5ngdQnhii'ngcationkhactrongdat,d~cbi~tla K vaMg,co the'anhhuangde'nthunh~nCa vadodoanhhuangde'nDangsufftvachfftlaCing d~uphQng.Hi~uquaguygiamv€ Dangsufftd~uphQnglienh~m~nhmetoin6ng dQCatrongdatvatrongcay[148],[297].Caclacgiatrltocdaychothffydit xam BongNamBQrfftthie'uh~tCa vavi~cbil dApCad€u d~ntoitangDangsuatcho d~uphQng[4], [5], [11],[19].Tuy nhiencacnhanghienCUucho rangph~thuQc VaGtUngdiabanthfnghi~mmucbonCa chod~uphQngtrendfftxamdaDdQngtU 200-500kgCaOlha [4], [18].Tuy nhien hftuhe'tcac thi nghi~mtrltocday don thuftnchid-gaVaGcacthongs6Dongh9Cvadanhgiahi~uquacuaCa quaDang sufftchuacos6li~unaGneub~cm6iquailh~cuaCade'nkhaDangCBB cay.Vi the'thfnghi~mtrend5ngruQngduQcth'!chi~nde'b6 xungnhii'nghi€u bie'tnay. ? 3.2.4.1.AnhhuangCaZensinhkhdi,ndngsuatvatichZuyN Ke'tquachothffysinhkh6i,Dangsufftva tichlilY N gia tangtheoluqng bonCa tu0-300kgCaOlhanhungs11bonvuQtmuc400CaOlhased~ntoigiam ~acthongs6nay(Bang16).Vdi lu<JngCatrongdatxamthffpnenCa cohi~uqua 19ay,dodokhi bon 100CaD lamtangnangsuffth~tlen32%va lu<JngN tichlilY 133 len20%sovdidO'ichung.Bi€u naychothftyvai tracuaCa rfttquantrQngdoi nangsufttchodfttxam.TuynhiensO'li~uchothftyd dfttxam1u'<Jngbon300kg CaOIa thichh<Jpchod~uph<)ngvi nochonangsuftth~tva richlilY N caonhat (nangsuftth~t=1,479tftn/hava N-tich lilY : 187,55kg N/ha) tangde'nhon50% sovdikhongbonCa.Ke'tquanaytu'ongtVvdi thinghi~mdiy d~uph<)ngtr6ng trendfttcatdu'<Jctp'ditieudkhuvVcsongOrddDc du'<Jcbon1.000kgCaCO3se chonangsufttcaonhftt[30]. BanglQ.. Anh huiJng cua Canxi tennang suilt va khd nang 03'dinh ac,lmciia d(mphQng Liu higng Sinh N. suit N-tich L<;1iich Caliri bon kh6i ht luy lsNa.e Ndff Ndfs Ndfa Cf)£) kgCaOfha tinJha kg/ha kgNfha % % % % kgNfha kgN/ha 0 CaO* 6,143 700 115 0,277 5,5 64,8 29,7 34 +2 (BO'ichung) 100CaO 6,994 921 138 0,264 5,3 61,6 33,1 45 +3 (32) (20) (32) 200CaO 7,036 1051 141 0,231 4,6 53,9 41,4 59 +11 (50) . (23) (74) 300CaO 8,610 1474 187 0,181 3,6 42,2 54,2 101 +31 (111) (63) (197) 400CaO 7,629 870 145 0,223 4,5 52,1 43,4 63 +22 (24) (26) (85) LSDP=0,05 1,395 295 29 0,027 NS NS 7.0 12 9 * Phannn : 20N (+Rhizobium),90P2Os,120K2O,30MgO 134 M~cd~uCacovaitraquailtrQngtrongvi~cgiatangnangsuitd~uphQng, nhungst;tu'ongquailgiuanangsuitvanchlilYN vdi li~uluQngCarit thip(vdi R2=0,37va0,46).Ro rangdingCa covai trakhaclienquailWigiatangnang suit cuad~uphQngtrendit xam.MQts6tacgiachorAngst!clingcip Ca vdi luQngthichhQpsechonangsuitvanchlilYN caonhitdolamgiamtacnhangay b~nhchocayd~uphQng[141],[156].Ron nuacacc6ngtrinhnghiencUucho thiy st!bonCa chocayd~uphQngtrendit catsegiatangchit luQngh(;it,baa damantoantht;tcph~mdoCa lamgiamst;tnhi6mcuaAspergillusjlavusla tac nhanchinht(;iOra anatoxingaydQcchod~uphQngsanthuho(;ich. ? 3.2.4.2.Anhhuangcua Ca densf!hdpthuN titcaengu6n s6li~u ghinh~nchothiy %Ndff(3,6-5,5%)va %Ndfs(42,2-64,8%)va kh6ngkhAcbi~td LSD P =0,05khiduQcbonvdi cacli~uluQngCakhacnhau. Nhu v~yro rangst!gia tangluQngbonCa kh6nglam thayd6i lu<JngN hip thutiY. dit vaphan.Tuynhien,%Ndfagiatangtheeli~ubonCa tU29,7%(0CaO)tdi 54,2%(li~ubon300CaO),nhungd lu<Jngboncao(400CaO) %Ndfachi d(;it 43,4%.Nhuv~yro rangCa tacdQngm(;inhmeleuquatrinhCBB cuadiy, va %Ndfad~tgiAIT!caonhit khi duQcbonli~uluQngthichhQp(300kgCaO/ha). Tuynhien,d luQngbonCa cao(400kgCaO/ha)dftnWiucche'quatrlnhCBB. Bi~unaythe'hi~nro nethonkhi danhgiatacdQngcuacanxiqualuQngN-c6 dinh.Vdi lu<JngboncanxithichhQp(300kg CaO/ha),d~uphQngtrendit xam choluQngN-c6dinhcaonhit 101kgN/ha(tang197%sovdi d6ichung),trong khidoluQngboncanxiVu'<Jtmuc(400kgCaO/ha)luQngN-c6dinhguygiamva chid~t63kgN/ha(tang85%sod6ichung)(Hlnh19). 135 Hinh 19.Anhhulingeilaeaelitiulu(JngCa din 51!hapthuN titeaengubnkhdcnhau ~ ('Jq Z t:? ~ 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 Ndfs II Ndff 0 Ndfa 101 63 0 100 200 300 400 Li~u ltiQngCanxi (kg CaO/ha) K€t qua vi~cbon Ca d~ydli lam gia tang nringsu~tva CBB cho d~u >hQngtrend~txamco th€ do tangpH dat [138],tangqua trlnhxam nhi€m cua :uaBradyrhizobium[36], [269],tangquatrlnhn6ts~nhoa [265]va tangcu'C5ng ,11v~nchuy€n Ca We ti€p vaoh~tkhongquar6 [314]. sO'li~ughi nh~ncho th~yding m~cd~uIu'Qngcanxi bon tu'ongquail r~t h~pvoi nangsu~thi;ltva tich Iuy N trongcay d~uphQngtren d~txam, nhu'ng ;hung co s11ttiong quail r~tch~cche voi Iu'QngN-c6 d!nh,m6i ttiongquail nay heohamb~c3 voi dQttiongquail khacao(R2=0,79)(Hlnh 20). S6li~u cling cho th~yvoi Iu'Qngbon Ca thichhQpse gia tang 1Qiich cua =HBtrendatxam(+31kgNlhavoi lttQngbon300CaOlha).Nhu'v~ycaes6li~u thunh~ncho th~yCa co vai fro quantr\mgtrongvi~cgia tangnangsu~tva kha IlangcO'd!nhdi;lmd~uphQngtrend~txam.Voi Iu'<jngbon Ca thichh<jpse cho 136 figsufftvakhanangCBB caonhffttrongdiy. MQtluQngbonCa thffphaydu ~ased~nWi nangsufftthilpdo lamgiamkhanangc6dinhd<;tmdiy Hinh 20.Tltcmgquan-giTlallt(lngN co'd,inhvalit2ubonCanxi. ~ .ez 01) ~ 140 1 " 120 100 80 l 60 l40 y =-6E-06x3+0.OO34x2- 0.2455x+35.814 R2=0.7908 0 0 0 20 OT 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 Li~ubonCanxi(kgCaO/ha) ? ~2.5.Ank klillng tkdidiim pkun vi 11if!ngdin ndngsuiftvakhd ndngc{f dinkdf!mcuadljupkl)ngtrendtftxam CackhaocU'ucuanhi~ulac giakhaenhautrenthe'giOidl1<Jetie'nhanhtren ,kmngkhi h~uva cae lo<;tidfftkhacnhaud~nghi f~ngmu6n cho d~uphQng 'endfftcatco nangsufftva CBB caocffnphaib6 xungthemphanvi luQng. Igoaifavi<%cbonphanvi luQngchocayd~uphQngsegiatangphffmchillva amhI'Qngdfiutrongh<;tt.Cac lac giakhacchof~ngnenbonphan vi luQngluc fa oa,ho~cphungiii'a2 lfin phunthu6ctrit Sailse gia tangDangsuiltd~uphQng endiltRustonvaTifton [297].Vi<%cnghiencU'uv~phanvi 111<;1ngchod~uphQng Vi~tNam duQctie'nhanhtrenvungdfftchuyencanhda cho thay vi luQngco aitraquantr9ngtrongvi<%ctangnangsufftcay [4],[15]. 137 Tuy nhiencac s6lit;:utn:(dcdaydu<;Jctie'nhanhtrennhtl'ngvilng da'tkhac nhauva chi thvchit;:ntren tUngnguyent6 vi lu<;Jngriengre Denke'tqua chua du<;JcapdlJ.ngrQngdii [5], [17],[18].Hftuhe'tcactacgiad~uchoding vit;:cxii'ly h~thayphunphanvi lu<;Jngd thdidi8mra boala t6tnhat[17],[18].Hon the'nlla, m~cdil conhi~unghiencUuv~philovi lu<;Jngnhunghftunhuchidungl~idmuc quailsatv~m~tDangsua'tvachuacokhflOCUunaodi sauv~aOOhuangcuacac nguyent6vi lu<;Jngd6i vdi khaDangCBB cuad~uphQng.Do do, thvcte'hit;:nnay va'nd~bonhayphunphilo vi lu<;Jngchod~uphQngvilngda'txam vdi li~ulu<;Jng va thdigianOOuthe'nao la van d~chuadu<;Jcgiai dap.B~cbit;:tvai tro vi lu<;Jng d6i kha DangCBB cua d~uphQngtrenda'txam dennay vftncon bo ng6.Xua't phattlnhhillh thvcti~ndobangvit;:capdlJ.ngky thu~td6ngvi daOOda'u15N,mQt thinghit;:mtrend6ngfUQngdu<;Jctienhanhnhamkhaosatcachbon va thaidi8m phunphilovi lu<;Jngde'nDangsuatvakhaDangCBB cuad~uphQngtrenda'txam. 3.2.5.1.Anh huangthilidilmphunvi luqngdensinhkhoi,nangsuatvatichluyN S6lit;:ughiOO~nchotha'yvit;:cbonhayphunvi lu<;Jngd cac thaidi8mkhac nhausechosinhJffi6i va Dangsua'tvu<;JttrQisovdi d6i chung.Trong do vi lu<;Jng bonvaoda'tvdi n6ngdQcaDchoDangsua'tva lu<;JngN tichluy caDnhat(tang41- 42%soBC). Tuy nhien,phunvi lu<;Jngsdm(25NSG) ho~cquatr~saukhi raboa (45NSG) selamgiammcd~ngcuavi lu<;Jng.Neuphunvi lu<;Jngvdi thdidi8m thichh<;Jp(35NSG) segiatangDangsua't26%.vatangN-tichluy leD40%sod6i chung(Bang17).Nhuv~yr6ranglakhicayb~tdfturaboara'tcftncacnguyent6 vi lu<;Jngcftnthie'tchoquatrlnhCBB, svphunvi lu<;Jngquasdmhayquatr8dftn tdi thie'uhlJ.tcha'tvi lu<;Jngdftntdima'tacdlJ.ngcuacha'tvi lu<;Jngnay. 138 S6li~u thunh~nphuh<;1pvoi khaocUucuacaclac gia khacchorangphun Mn se gia tangnang suatd~uphQng,phuncac nguyent6 vi IU<;1ngcho k€t qua caobons1;1'bonvaodatva phunZnOd n6ngdQ0,8% gia tangnangsuatd~u phQngki€u ValenciatrendatVertisol.Dodos6li~uchothaynguyent6vi lu<;1ng ratc~nthi€t chod~uphQngtrendatxamvadambaanangsuatvatichlilYN cao chodiy. K€t quanayphuh<;1pvoicacbaacaotru'ocdaychorangvi~cbonphan vi lu<;1ngvaphunvi lu<;1ngla phuongphapt6tnhatd€ baadams1;1'khongthi€u h1,lt vi IU<;1ngchod~uphQng. MQt di~ukha thll vi la co s1;1'tu'ongquailvoi dQtu'ongquailkha cao(R2= 0,62-0,69)giuanangsuatvaN-tichlilY voi thoigianphunvi lu<;1ng.Nangsuat va tichlilY N d(;ltgia tri c1;1'cd(;lid 35NSG, va sandogiamd 45 NSG. Nhuv~yfa Ban$! 17. Anh huang cae thai ailm phun vi lu(Jng aen nang su{[tva khd nang c6 dfnha(lm. Thaidi6m Sinhkh61 Nang L<;iifen phunVL diy suit h<:it N-tichluy la.e. Ndff Ndfs Ndfa CBB NSG Ufn/ha kg/ha kgN/ha % % % % kgN/ha kgN/ha B6i ehU'ng* 3,651 1085 91 0,155 3,1 30,0 66,8 61 +11 Bon vao 4,920 1529 130 0,130 2,6 24,9 72,5 94 +23 d§t ** (41) (42) (54) 25NSG*** 3,782 1048 95 0,140 2,8 27,7 69,5 66 +15 (-4) (5) (9) 35NSG 4,346 1367 118 0,130 2,6 25,5 71,9 85 +17 (26) (30) (40) 45NSG 3,772 1249 101 0,145 2,9 28,9 68,2 69 +9 (15) (11) (13) LSD P =0,05 1,095 295 29 NS NS NS NS 12 9 * Phiin n:n : 20N (+Rhizobium),90P20S,120K2O, 300CaO, 30MgO (kg/ha). ** Bon vaod§t : n6ngdQ500ppmeuacaenguyent6Mo, B, Co, Cu, Zn va Mn, 600lit/ha *** Phun vaocay : n6ngdQ 100ppmeuacaenguyento'Mo, B, Co, Cu, Zn va Mn, 600lit/ha 139 rangvi~cxacdjnh th?Jigianphunvi 1u'ngd€ phanvi 1u'<Jngth€ hi~nt6tnha't,vi~cphuntru'ocva sangiai do~nt6tnha'td~udftntoih~ thffpDangsufftva doi khi mfftlacdl;lngeuavi~cphunphanvi 1u'<Jng. 3.2.5.2.Anh huangthiJi diimphunvi lutJngdtn Sf!hdpthuN titcaengu6n Ke't qua thu nh~ncho thffyeachbon va th?Jidi€m phun phan vi 1u'<Jng khonganhhu'angde'nsrfha'pdIUN tltcaengu6nkhacnhau%Ndff,%Ndfsva %Ndfad LSD 0,05,nhu'ngnoanhhu'dngm~nhde'n1u'qngN-c6djnh(Hinh21). M~cdil khi bon vi 1u'<Jngvao da'tvoi li~u1u'<Jngcao (500prill, 600 lit/ha)eho 1u'<JngN-c6 dinhcaonhfft94 kgN/ha(tang54%soBC), nhu'ngphunvoi n6ngdQ (100prill, 600litlha) va th?Jigianphunvi 1u'<Jngh<Jp1)'(35NSG) cho 1u'<JngN-e6 djnhkha cao,85kgN/ha (tang40%sod6i chung).Nhu'v~yeachbonva th?Jigian phunvi 1u'<Jnganhhu'?Jngm~nhde'nkhiiDangCBB cuacay(Hinh 21). mnh 21.Anh huangthilidilmphunvi lu(1ngdin hf{pthuN trZcaengu6n ' """--"'---"'--"' "'------------ 0 Ndfs . Ndff 0 Ndfa-----_....... ~ ..ez b.O ~ 140 130 120 ~bg1 _ .// "' "'- 901.- 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 '--c<' - - ----...-.----...-...-......----...----...-.-...----. ----....------...-----.-------.-...- .--......------...---- ---...------...---......-----...-... .,o;,~ 94 85...---------- 66 , 69 3,1 BC Bon da't 25NSG 35 NSG 45 NSG Ngay phunvi 1u'<Jng 140 Tuynhieneachphunvi luQngc6hi~uquakinhte'honeachb6nvaodfttvi thongquala caechfttvi luQngcilnthie'tsechuy~ntlVctitp xuongr~vanotsiln d~nhanhch6nggiatangho~tinhcilaNasevathamgiavi~chinhthanhhayho~t h6anhungenzymbie'nduongkhacciladiy tiYd6 d~nWi nangcaoquatrlnh CBB. Ke'tquathunh?nchothftylQiichtiYCBB clingthayd6i theoeachb6nvi luQng.Trong d6chic6vi luQngb6nvaodfttvaphund 35NSG cholQiichCBB caovakhacbi~tc6y nghladLSD 0,05sovoiBC (+23va+17kgNlha.). MQtdi€u ciln nhftnm~nhla giii'aluQngN-co dinhva thaidi€m phunvi luQngc6 s1..ftU'ongquanrfttcaovoi R2= 0,80(lfmh 22). lRnh 22.Anhhuangthaidilmphunvi luf/ngdenluqngN-codinh 100 90 ~ 80 (\:I <E 70 ~ 60 ~ :;- 50 !:: :,s' 40 '<8 30 I Z 20 10 0 0 8 0 0 0 y =-0.175x2+12.4x- 134.62 R2=0.7204 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Ngayphunvi lU<;1ng Bi€u naychothftykhi cayraboara'tcilnvi luQngtrongquatrlnhbie'n duongvaCBB. Vi~cphunvi luQng~i thaidi€m nayrfttcilnthi€t nhhmgiatang 141 t6cdQCBB chod~uphQngtrendfttxamcoth€ thongquagiatangho~tinhcua Nase (mQtenzymrfttdin Mo) clingnhu tangst1t6ngh<Jpleghaemoglobin (proteinv~nchuy€n oxy rfttc~nCo) trongn6ts~n.Thy nhienvi~cphunvi lu<;Jng sdmho~ctr€ hon giai do~nnayco th€ se lamthie'uh';ltho~ccungcftpkhongkip thaicacchfttvi lu<Jngc~nthie'td§.ntoilamsuygiamkhanangCBB. 3.3. NangsuittvakhaDangCDD cuacongthucbOnphantin du'qcchod~u ph<)ngtrenda'txam 3.3.1.KhdosatniingsudtvakhdniingcddinktJi!mcuacacconKthucbon phllnchodljuphi}ngtrenddtxam B~uphQngla caytr6ngcothunh~pcaotrongvimgda'txamBongNam BQ,mynhienhi~nnaynongdaTIphaid6im~tvoi vftnd~la nangsufttthftpva khong6ndinh.B€ gia tangva 6ndinhnangsufttchod~uphQngtrendlltxam, ngoaivi~cthayd6igi6ngcli thoaiboabAngmQtgi6ngmoithichnghichonang sulltcaotrenvnngda'tnay,chungtac~nphiiico bi~nphapquanly cha'tdinh duongh<;1ply ch9ngl~ist1suygiamnhanhchongthanhph~ndinhduongdfttqua soimOllvaquatrlnhcanhlaclaudai.Theot~pquanHiudaid diaphuongmu6n chod~uphQngconangsufttcaolIendfttxam,nongdaTIphaibOnmQtlu'<Jngldn phanvo co,hii'ucova d~tbi~tla mQtlu<Jngldntrodita(3.000kg/ha)[18],[95]. Tuynhienchode'nnaycongthucphanbonchod~uphQngtrendfttxamv§.nchua xacl~p,ngu'aidaTIdiaphuongv§.nbonphantheot~pquanva khanangkinhte' ho~ctruy~nmi~ngnhauquakinhnghi~m.Ron the'TIna,chode'nnaychungta v§.nchu'aco so'li~ukhoahQcv~anhhudngcuacacche'dQbonphande'nnang sua'tvaquatrlnhCBB cuacayd~uphQngtrenda'txam. 142 Do do hi~nnay nongdaTI<:1vilngnay vftnl~ thuQcvao IU'<Jngldn trodua hangflamtrongkhi cha'tIU'<Jngtroduabie'ndQngra'tm~nhtuynoi sanxua't,gia thanhcaocQngthemchiphichuyench<:1vat6nnhi~uconglaodQngd~bontren d5ngruQng.Xua'tphattUnhucftuth'!cti€n ca'pbachtrongvi~cnangcaova6n dinhnangsua'td~uphQngtrenda'txam,vi~cxacdinhmQtcongthucbonphan th:ich<Jpchod~uphQngtrenda'txamlava'nd~thie'th11ccogiatrith'!cti€n cao. D,!atrennhungke'tquath11Chi~ntrongnhfi'ngflamquachungtoi sadt;mgky thu~td5ngvi danhda'ud5ngvi 15Nd~danhgiaanhhU'<:1ngcuacongthucphan bont1mdU'<Jcde'nnangsua'tkhanangCBB cuad~uphQngtrenda'txamnhhm thie'tI~pmQtcongthlicphanbonhqpIy,giamgiathanhdftutIT,vanangcaonang sua'tvakhanangCBB d~uphQngtrongvilng. 3.3.1.1.Khdosatniingsuatvakhdniingcodjnhdffmcongthacbonphanchodq.u phQngtrendatxam S6li~uthunh~nchotha'ysinhkh6itrongcongthucbonphanmdi(CPM) khongcokhacbi~tcoynghla<:1 P =95% sovdi congthucbon phantaudoi cua nongdaTI(d6ichung),nhU'ngnangsua'th~tgiatangm~nhsovdid6ichUng(tang 18%)(Bang18).Nhu'diiphantichquacacthinghi~mtrUdc,troduavirala ngu5n cungca'pcha'tdinhdu'Ongtr'!ctie'pchocay(d~tbi~tIa P) viraIa ye'uto'giatang khanangCBB d~uphQngtrenda'txam.Vl the'ne'uCPM du'<Jcb6 xungmQt IU'<Jngnhotrodua(600kg/ha)b~ng115IU'<Jngbonhi~nnay,nangsua'td~uphQng dii gia tangdangk~ (tang61%) so congthucbon phanth11cti€n cua nongdaTI. NhU'ngne'uCPM cQngthemIU'<JngIdn trodua tU800-1000kg/hanangsua'td~u phQngvftnkhongtang.Vdi congthucbonphantlmdU'<JclU'<JngN-tich Iuy d~t150 kgN/ha(tang18%soBC) vagiatangde'n184kgN/ha(tang51%soBC) khibon them600kgtrodira/ha.Khi giatangIu'<Jngtroduam~cdii c6s11vU'<JttrQihonv~ 143 K€t qua nay cho tha'yc6ngthucbon phfmtlm duqcgia tang m<;tOOnang sua'tva N-tich Iuy d~uphQngtrendfftxam,st;1'gia tangnayvu'qttrQikhi bon them Iuqng000trodua.Nhuv~yvdi Iuqngphanbonthichhqpsegia tangnangsufft d~uphQnghansovdi c6ngthucbonphantht;1'cti~ncuan6ngdanvdi gia thaOO cao,c6ngk~OOvakh6nghi~uqua.Ke'tquachotha'yvdic6ngthucbonphanfun , duqcn6ngdanco th€ yentamthaythe'hoanroantroduabttngluqngphanbon hqpIy OOungd~uphQngvftnd<;ttnangsua'tcao. Nhfi'ngs6li~u d6ngvi 15Nchothffy%Ndff cu~caec6ngthucchi saikhac ra't000d LSD 0,05va daodQngtrongkhoang3,4-4,9%.Trongkhi do %Ndfs IuqngN tichIuy sovdi d6i chung,nhungvftnkh6ngcaosovdi CPM +600kg tro dua(Bang 18). Bdng1!1.Anhhuangcaecongthlkrheinbondennangsuatvakhdnangco'djnhdt;lm Caeeong Sinh Wing Lu<;1ngN L<;1ileu thvebon kh6i suath<:1t tichiuy la.e Ndff Ndfs Ndfa CDD philn t1ln/ha kg/ha kgNlha % % % % kgNlha kgNlha Nong dan* 5,992 826 122 0,231 4,6 49,3 46,1 57 +17 (D6i chUng) CPM** 6,717 978 150 0,188 3,8 43,7 52,5 78 +31 (18) (23) (37) CPM +600 7,825 1331 184 0,172 3,4 40,3 56,3 103 +39 kg Tro dua (61) (51) (81) CPM + 800 6,671 1086 151 0,237 4,7 55,2 40,1 59 +7 .kgTrodua ' (31) (24) (4) CPM+ 1000 6,912 1278 156 0,245 4,9 57,3 37,8 60 +2 kg Tro dua (55) (28) (5) LSD P =0,05 NS 461 61 0,045 1,0 NS 7,0 30 17 * C6ng thucbOnphanthlfctin cuaDongdan: 20N, 60P2O5,10K2O, 300CaO va 3 t£n tro dua/ha ** CPM- Phan bOnfun duc : 20N (+Rhizobium),90P2Os,120K2O, 300CaO, 30MgO (kglha),vi lu'ng 144 (40,3-57,3%)nhungkhongco khacbi<;taLSD 0,05giuacacnghi<;miliac.s6 li<;uchungtodingcaccongthucphanbonkhonganhhuangWi IU<;1ngN hftpthu tU'phanvada't.Tuynhien%Ndfahi anhhuangm~nhmebdicaccongthucphan bonkhacMall. Vdi congthucbonphanth1!Cti€n cuaDongclanhi<;nay%Ndfa chid~t46,1%, nhungcongthucbonphanmdi%NdfaleuWi52,5%vakhi cong thacphanmdib6.xungthem600kg trodua%Ndfa=56,3%.Nhuv~yro rang dug congthacbonphanmdih<;1ply honvabaadams1!clingcftpcha'tdinhduong dftydu chosinhtru'dng,phattri€n vagia tangkha DangCBB cuad~uphQngtren da'txam.Tuynhien,congthacphanbonmdineub6xunglU<;1ngIOntrodua800- 1000kglhadftntdiquaduthuacha'tdinhduongdododftnWikimhamkhanflllg CBB cuacay(%Ndfagiamxu6ngcon37,8-40,1%)(Bang18).Bi~unayth€ hi<;n ronetqualU<;1ngN-c6dinhacaccongthacphanbon.Trangcongthucphanbon cuaDongclanlu<;1ngN-c6diOOchico57kgNlhathl trongcongthacmdigiatri nayla 78kgNlha,vagiatri segiatangleu 103kgNlhakhibonthemmQtluQng troduathichhQp(600kglha).Trangkhi dogia tri nayguygiamneuluQngtro duathemquanhi~u(N-c6dinh=59-60kgNlha)(HiOO23). LQi ich tUs1!CBB cuacongthacphanboncuaDongclanla +17kgNIha trongkhidocongthucmdid~t+31kgNlha.Nhuv~yro rangcongthacphanbon mdigiatangdangk€ DangsufttvakhaDangCBB d~uphQngtrendfttxam.Bi~u naychothftydingvdi congthucbonphanh<;1ply sekhai iliact6i dakhaDang CBB cuacaydftntdi Dangsufttcao,nhungneuluQngdinhduongdu thuase khongcoIQichocaymanguQcl~iklmhamquatrlnhnay.Ket quanayphilh<;1p vdicactrlnhnghienCUuchorhngcayhQd~ua vlingnhi<;tddiquatrlOOn6tsftn hoanh~ydim d~cbi<;tvdimucdQkhongthichh<;1pnhungcha'tdinhduong[68], [171],[209].MQt s6mc giakhacchorhngcayhQd~uthuongdoi hoi caoluQngP, 145 Ca, K, S, Mg, Mo, Co va B va Dang sufft va kha Dang CBB bi giOi h~n khi khong cling cffp du chfft,dinh duong [55]. mnh 23.Hap thuN tLlcaengubncilad(luph(JngveJicaecongthacphanbon DNdfs . Ndff0 Ndfa 103 ~ ~ N6ngdaD CPM CPM +600 CPM +800 CPM +1000 Cacc6ngthlicbonphan 3.3.1.2Hi?u quakinhtt caeeongthuebonphan Khi phantich v~hi~uquakinh te'cua cac phuongphap bOnphan,chung Winh~nthffycongthuchi~nnaycuaDongdaDphl;!thuQCvaoluQngtroduarat IOndande'nchiphidftuttichophanboncaododocoHiisufftrat thffp:1,8tri~u d6nglha/vl;!(Bang19).Trongkhidov6iCPM chiphiphanbongiamnhtingl~i chonangsufftcaobon,dodotangIQitlicleD3,4tri~ulha/vl;!sov6i d6ichungchI la 1,6tri~ud6nglha/Vl;!so.B~cbi~tv6i CPM cQngthem1/5lu'Qngtroduacua Dongdanbonhi~nnay(600kglha)nangsufftangdangki vagiamgiachiphi phanbon,va tangHii sufftchonongdan.S6li~uthunh~nchothffyhftuhe'tcac congthucbonphanchoHiisufftcaohoncongthucbonphanhi~nnaycuaDong dan,d~cbi~tla giamgia thanhphanbont~ora trenmQtdonvi sanph~m(kgd~u, 200 180 160 140 -< I """ 120--; 157 178 fJq 100Jz 2? :l ""c5,2J1""---.5,7 40 20 0 146 vo)vatangh~sol<Jinhu~nd~utu'phanbon.Ntu congthucbonphanDongdaD coh~s6 l<Jinhu~nkhi d~utu'phanbonchIla 0,90trongkhi do congthucbon phantimdu<Jch~sonayla2,35.Ktt quanayth~tSt1manghi~uquakinhtt thitt tht{ctangthunh~pngu'oidantrongvung,khuye'nkhichDongdaDd~utu'mdfQng di~ndcbgieo tr6ngd?uphQngtn3nda'txamBongNamBQgiau ti~mnangnay. Bang19. Sosdnhhi~uquakinhte'CUDcaccongthacbonphOnchod<zuphi)ngtrendeftxam 3,455 931 2,05 3.350 963 1.92 3.079 1025 1,67 - *: Gongiliii'c phanbOnhi~nnaycuan6ngclan- 20N, 60P2Os,10K"O, 300CaO va 3 tiln tro dua/ha ** CPM: Phiin bonfun du\Jc- 20N (+Rhizobium),90P2Os,120K2O, 300GaG, 30MgO kg/ha,vi luQ'ng 3.12.Kf't quathii'nghi~mcongthucbonphanmO'ichod~uphQng Dlfatrencacke'tquanghiencUutrongcaeDamquanhamsosanhv~Dang sufftvahi~uquakinhtt cuacongthucbonphantimdtr'cjcvac6ngthuchi~nnay cuanongdandoivdid?uph(>ngtrenQatxamchungtoida fulinghi~mtrendi~n rQngtrong2 nam(1996-1998)vdidi~ntichla 24,2ha.Sandayla ktt quacua nhungtblinghi~mnay: Giaphan H s61<;Ji Caec6ng l-rangsuat B6i T6ngthu ChiphicJ;1ulLt Tin !Oi tao1kg nhuankhi thacphan dauv6 tlm nh?p (trieud6ng/ha) dauvo du llt tanJha kglha triu d6ng Phan Chikhiic trieud/ha (J6ng) phanbOn N6ngdan* 1,605 0 8,025 2,008 4,208 1.809 1251 0.90 (D6ichUng) CPM** 1,702 97 8,510 1,440 3,680 3,390 846 2,35 CPM+600 1,803 198 9,015, 1,680 3,880 kgTrodiia CPM+800 1,806 201 9,030 1,740 3,940 kgTrodita CPM+1000 1,790 185 8,950 1,835 4,036 kgTrodil'a 147 3.3.2.1.V¥ DongXwln 1996-1997 Vdi phuongthacchonongdanyayv6nd6 tht1chi~ncaccongthacbon phanlIen 8hQgiadinhvdit6ngdi~ntichcanhlacHi82.000m2(8,2ha)lIendia b~mtri6nkhaila Huy~nTrangBang(tinhTayNinh),Huy~nCll Chi (TP HCM). ChungWithudu<;Jck€t quadu<;Jcnhusau:(Bang20). * Congthac1 (congthacb6nphanhi?nnaycilanongdiin)..200gif;lfro daa (1.100.000d) + 250kg Superlan (260.000d) + 125kgphanNPK 16-16-8(315.000d) + 300kg CaD (240.000d) Iha (gia thimh: 1.915.000d). ** Cong thac 2 (congthacphdnb6ntlmdll{Jc):70kg Ure (195.000d) + 550kg super lan (570.000d) + 150kg KCl (270.000d) + phun vi lllf;tng(B, Mo, Co...)(185.000d) + 300 kg CaD (240.000d) Iha (gia thanh: 1.460.000d) *** Congthac3 (congthacphanb6n tlmdll{Jc+600kg fro daa): 40gif;lfro daa (220.000d) + 70kg Ud +550kg Superlan + 150KCl +phunvi lll{J7lg(B,Mo, Co...)+ 300kg CaOlha (gia thanh:1.680.000d) **** Gid thanh1kgd{iuphQngvotf;lithaidiim thang4-1997: 4800d8nglkg K€t quacho thftycongthacbonphantimdu<;Jctangnangsufttcho d~uphQng sovdi congthacbonphanhi~nnaycuanongdan,tangl<;Jinhu~ncuanguoidan. f)~cbi~tvdi congthacmdicQngthem40 gi~(600kg) trodiranangsuatd~u phQngvotang147kgdodotangIQinhu~n!en1- 1,3tri~ud6ng/ha/~. Ban/.?20. KIt quacac hQthT!Chin congthacphdnbond(luphQngv DongXuan 1996-1997 S6 Niingsua't Nangsua't Wingsua't IT HQNongDan CT 1* (ta'n/ha) CT 2** (ta'n/ha) CT 3** (ta'n/ha) 1. Nguyn Van Banh 1,581 1,776 1,989 2. TriinVanT6ng 1,898 2,083 1,767 3. Phm VanBay 3,074 2,848 2,925 4. Le ThiMai 3,028 2,922 2,983 5. Nguyn VanPM 3,180 ,886 3,240 6. TriinvanH6ng 3,260 3,466 3,420 7. CaoThiDiiu 2,326 2,577 2,800 8. HuynhVanGQt 2.000 2,120 2,400 0 Niingsuitttrungbinh 2,543tifnlha 2,584tifn/ha 2,690tftnlha B T6ngthunh/j.p**** 12.206.000d 12.403.200d 12.912.000d tJ Congchamsac& phanban 8.415.000d 7.560.000d 7.834.000d D Tiin 1JJiqua 1 V{l 3.791.000d 4.843.200d 5.078.000d 148 3.3.2.2.V¥HeThu1997 Vdi phuongthueehonongdanyayv6ntht!ehi~ncaeeongthaebonphan tren6hQgiadinhvdi t6ngdi~ntieheanhmela 60.000m2(6,0ha)trendiaban tri€n khaiHuy~nCu Chi (TP HCM) ketquatlmdU<;1enhusail:(Bang21). BanI!21. Ktt quacachQth1!ChifncongthacbonpMn trangv¥He Thu1997 * Gid d~uphQngvo t{lithai diim thang10-1997..6000dlkg K€t quaeho thffyeongthaebon phantim dU<;1eeho nang sufftva l<;1inhu~n eaohonsovdi phuongphapb6nphantauddi euanongdan.Cong thuenayeQng them600kg/hatro dirase tangnangsufftten 316kg d~uv6/ha/v~tangl<;1i nhu~ntenkhoang1,5-2,4tri~u/hal~. 3.3.2.3.V¥DongXuan1997-1998 Vdi phuongthueehonongdanyayv6ntht!ehi~ncaeeongthueb6nphan !Ten11hQgiadlnhvdi t6ngdi~ntieheanhlac la 10.000m2(10,0ha) trendia bantri€n khaila huy~nCuChi(TPHCM)k€t quathunh~nnhusail:(Bang22). Sf) Hi?NongDan Nangsuit Nangsuit Nangsuit IT cr 1(tin/ha) CT2 (tin/ha) CT 3(ta'n/ha) 1. Pb1;lmVan EHiy 1,776 1,800 1,692 2. U ThiMai 1,776 1,620 2,587 3. Nguyn VanPM 2,628 2,484 3,000 4. HuynhVanGt 1,181 1,225 1,756 5. TrftnVanRieng Ngp mtOe Ngp mtOe Ngp mtOe 6. TrftnVanH6ng Ngp mtOe Ngp mtOe Ngp mtOe 7. CaoThiDu Ngp mtde Ngp nude Ngp nude II Niingsuitttrungbinh 1,840tdnfha 1,782tdnlha 2,156tdnfha tJ TUngThunluJ.p* 11.040.000d 10.692.000d 12.936.000d II Congchamsac& phllnbOn 8.415.000d 7.560.000d 7.834.000d D Tiin Uli qua 1 v 2.625.000d 3.132.000d 5.102.000d 149 Bani! 22. Kit quacac hQth1!chi~ncongthacmai trangV{lDongXuan1997-1998 K€t quachothfiynangsufitva l<;jinhu~ncuacongthacbon phanfundu<;jc d€u gia tangsovOicongthacbonphanhit%naycuaDongdan, tangl<;jitilc d~u phQngtrenda'txamleD1,2trit%u/ha.B~cbit%tcongthacbonphanfun du<;jc+600 kg trodii'atangDangsua'td~uvo leD236kg/ha/Vl;!va tangl<;jinhu~nleD 1,1-1,8 trit%u/ha/v~. Nhu v~yqua3 d<;jttri€n khailIen dit%nrQngro rangla cong thacbonphan tlmdu<;jcda gia tangDangsufitd~uphQnglIen dfitxamva tangl<;jitilc cho nong daDhon la cong thacbon phanlau doi It%thuQcvao lu<;jngfro dii'ahangDam, quac6ngk€nh va chiphidffutu'caD.Voi congthacb6nphannay Dongclangiam ph~thuQCvao lu<;jngtrodii'ahangDamnhungv~nbaadamnangsua'tvagia tang l<;jinhu~n1,2leD2,4trit%u/ha/Vl;!. s6 Hi?N6ngDan Nangsullt Niingsullt Niingsullt IT PP 1(tllnlha) PP2 (tllnlha) PP 3 (t1lnlha) 1. CaoThi Dh 1,507 1,805 1,692 2. Phm ThanhAn 2,910 2,720 2,587 3. Trh VanH6ng 1,966 1,656 1,944 4. Le Van Sen 3,576 3,576 3,990. 5. Phm Van Day. 1,995 2,012 2,175 6. Le ThiMai 1,700 2,110 2,210 7. Nguyn Van PM 3,718 3,675 3,783 8. Trn Van Rieng 2,871 2,479 3,225 9. Le MinhTriing 3,206 3,925 4,219 10. HuynhVan Gt 2.077 1,974 2,103 11. Nguyn Van Due 0,706 0,717 0,911 0 Niingsuitttrungbinh 2,385t5nfha 2,422t5nfha 2,621t5nfha tJ Tangthunh4p* 11.448.000d 11.625.600d 12.580.800d #J Cong cham sOc& phan bOn 8.415.000d 7.560.000d 7.834.000d fJ Tiin ldi qua 1 V{l 3.033.000d 4.065.600d 4.746.800d * Cia du phQngYOtt;litf0i diim thang6-1998..4800dlkg