Luận án Sự tăng trưởng củ cỏ ống (Panicum repens L.)

cacph~nclla boa.Bao phffn luanbi ep satvaotrongva khangdli<;jCmdrachode'nkhi boar1,lng.Dil co boa,nhlingv~nchliaghinh~ndli<;jchQtco 6ngtrongsu6tthaigiannghien Call.Cac boa r1,lngdli<;jCthunh~nva gieo cffy trongphongthf nghi~m, chliaghinh~ndli<;jccayconco6ng. - Cll la doch6im~mtangtrlidng,caclongd~utieDtangtrlidngtheo dliangkfnhthayvi keo dai (thliangla 3 long,dai khi 4 long),caclongke' tie'ptangtrlidngtheochi~udait~othanhthankhfsinh. Cll coth~xuffthi~ntll (dnh2): - £)6tcu6icuathankhfsinh(dnh2A). - NhungCllco trlioc(dnh2B,C). - Nhungch6in~mphfabelldlioicanhanh(dnh2D). Cll dil congu6ng6cxufftphattll dati,d6ucokichthliocngaycang Idnbonsovoi Cllband~u.Trenm6iCllcomQthankhfsinhvathliangco mQtch6im~mtangtrlidngd~thanhCllke'tie'p.KhitDangt~ocanhanhva elltuellehie'mtll~ eaosovdicaceh6im~mn~mireDcacvi trikhacella ?co. Sail khi tangtrlidngmQtthaigian,cacla ben dlioi yangheo l~ntu daylen ng<;m.TrungbinhtrenmQtthankhfsinhco tll 12-16 Ia canxanh. ChuO'ng3: Ktt qua va blnh lu(in Lu(in an T.S Sinh h9C 68 Ch6imichCOth~t(;lathemmQtph:Hboasailkhi ch6ing9ntr6boa.Khi da t(;laphatboa,thankhi sinhngungtangtniang,kho hea dffnr6i ch6t.Cac thankhi sinhtangtntangtu ch6imffmsethayth6dffncacthankhi sinh giac6i.Thaigians6ngtrungblnhcuamQthankhisinhkhaang4-5thang. K ,,? ,," " ? ~ 3.1.3SUBIEN DOl CAU TRUC GIAI PHAU 3.1.3.1Xaedinheffutruela(effutruegiaiphfiuKranz) Qua ph~uthucngang,la co 6ng co hai la(;lil\1cl(;lp:mQtat6 baa di~pmocokichthuocnho,khongchuatinhbQtvamQtat6baavangbaa bom(;lchcokichthuocIOnbon,chuatinhbQt(dnh3).Bay la ca"utrucgiai ph~uKranzd~ctrungchathvcv~tC4. 3.1.3.2Xaedinheffutrueell Ph~u thucngangcuar~ra"tkhacbi~tsavoi cu, trangkhi than,can hanhva cu co ca"utructuongtv nhau(dnh4).Co5ng la thvcv~tmQtla mffm,nhungca"utructhan,canhanhcuano co th~phanbi~tdu<;1cthanh haiphffn"vo" va "tr\1"nhuca"utruccuamQtthanhaila mffm,nhavaa nhunglop t6baaphancachgiuahaiphffn(dnh4B,C). Cacbo m(;lchchI xua"thi~na phiabell trongcualOpt6baanay,x6pthanhhaivangnam trangcact6baanhumo.Vungvocuathancocackhuy6t(dnh4B).Trang cungla mQtb9ngto.Cuclingcoca"utructuongt\1'nhungkhongcokhuy6t vab9ng,conhi~ubom(;lchbonva cact6baacangill tr(;lngthainhumo chuatinhbQt(dnh4D). ChLtcrng3: Kf/t qua va blnh lu(m Lu(in an TS Sinh h(Jc 69 \~ B 25j.lm-..,..."..... ca'u , true- '--- hi ?eo Anh3:Ui coongcatngang:Di~pl<:tpco(j di~pmovate'baavangbaabom<:tch(-7) (A).NhuQmv6idungdtchhKI (B). I \ IIMI---< C~1u tnic reo than, ~~"~~~I, " #:. .,,~,. .J ;".. 't/1> !lill. din hanh, ? ell ? co 6ng Anh4:Calitruecoong(cdtngang):r~(A),than(B),cantanh(C),eu(D).Cue6Cali truethancu.B6m<:tch(bm),khuye't(k),nhumo(nm),lOpphaneach(pc). Chuong3: Ktt quavabinhlu(in Lu(inan T.SSinhh9c 70 3.1.3.3Bi~nd6iea'utrue giaiphftutrongsri tangtrtidngen Sv tangtn1dngell duCJexeiedinhquatu6iell (dnh5). Cn tu6i 0: Ch6i m~mb~td~utangtrudng,ph6nglen, duangkinh thuangtohon3mm(dnh5A). Cn tu6i 1:Ch6i co 1va'ylei(dnh5B) Cn tu6i2: Ch6i co 2 va'ylei Cn tu6i 3: Ch6i co 3va'ylei Cn tu6i 4: Ch6i co4 va'ylei Cn tu6i 5: Ch6i co 5va'ylei,ho~e4 va'yleiva Ilei th~it Cn tu6i6:Ch6ico4 va'yleiva2 leith~tho~e5 va'yleiva 1leith~t (dnh5C) Cn tu6i 7: Ch6i co 4 va'yleiva 3 leith~tho~e5 va'yleiva 2 leith~t Cn tu6i 8: Ch6i co 4 va'yleiva 4 leith~tho~e5 va'yleiva 3 leith~t (dnh5D).Thuangtll tu6i7,8co sVxua'thi~neh6itrenellehoellk~ti~p (ellcon).Thaigiand~ell tangtrudngtll tu6i0 d~ntu6i1khmlng12d~n 15ngay.Ceietu6ik~ti~pthuangtll4d~n5ngay. Khi quailseitph~uthuedge,eh6iehothanvaeh6iehoellcoea'utrue tudngtVnhau(dnh6).E>6ivoi eh6iehothan,maphansinheh6iva ma phansinhlonghOC;lt dQngmC;lnh(phanbi~tduCJet~baavunglongvat~ baavungd6t),giup eh6itangtrudngv~ehi~ucao,it gia tangv~duang kinh(dnh6A). Chu(Jng 3: Ktt qUclvabinhlu(m Lu(inanTS Sinhh9c 71 mnh thai tang ? trlidng ?co ?co '"ong Anh5:Hinhthaitangtnldngellcoong:tu6i0(A),tu6i1(B),tu6i6(C),tu6i 8(D). ,!fin - - --- mo phan ? CO 6ng Anh 6: Ma phansinheh6ingnco ongtangtnldng(ccitd9C):Thanhthankhf sinh(A), thanhell (B), tiep rheathanhthankhf sinhtrenell (C). Dot (d), nhuma (nm), long (1),sinhma (sm). ChLtClng3: Klt qua va blnh lu(m Lu(inanT.SSinhh9c 72 Ngu'~cl';1i,dO"ivoi ch6i chaCll thl ma phansinhl6ng it ha';1tdQng (dnh6B).Ben du'oimaphansinhch6i,t€ baaphanchiam';1nh,d?c tru'ng bdicact€ baac6kichthu'ocnho,d~unhau(dnh7).D9Ctheahaibell ch6i du'oima phansinhng9n,c6 mQtday t€ baa kich thu'ochc::p,dangphan chia(Esau1967[60]g9ila mophansinhddysrJcap)t';1acacdayt€ baa xuyentam.Cangxa maphansinh,cact€ baait phanchia(dnh8B,D). Benngaaidayt€ baanay,s6lu'~ngt€ baait thayd6i trongquatrlnhtang tru'dngCll. Phia du'oima phansinhch6i ng9nxuf(thi~ncac "ti~ntu'~ng tfingm';1ch"di racac1£1.Cacti~ntu'~ngtfingm';1chclingphanchiat';1alien cact€ baag6pphfinvaas1;1'tangtru'dngCll(dnh7,8A,C).Cangdi xa khoi maphansinhch6ing9n,cact€ baalfinlfingiatangdu'ongkinhva chua tinhbQt.Thu'ongcact€ baad vungphiabelldu'oiCllc6kichthu'octahan d vungphiatren (dnh9).NO"iti€p dayt€ baakichthu'ochc::pv~phiagO"c la caclOpt€ baavachdfiysedfindfinngf(mmQcto",chinhs1;1'h6amQcto" clla dayt€ baa nay lam chachas1;1'tangtru'dngClldungl';1i.Khi Cll tang tru'dngd€n mQtgiaida';1nhf(tdinh(thu'ongchic6 3 hay4 l6ng),maphan sinhch6i va ma phan sinh l6ngha';1t dQngm';1nhgiup ch6i tangtru'dng nhanhthanhthankhf sinh(dnh6C). Quaphftuthucngang,s1;1'tangtru'dng cula das1;1'phanchiava giatangkichthu'oct€ baatrangd6c6s1;1'thamgia cuati~ntu'~ngtfingm';1ch,cuamophansinhddysrJcapnambellngaaicac h~th6ngm';1ch(dnh9). Chu(Jng3: Ke'tqua va binh lu(in Lu(inanT.SSinhh(Jc 73 2501'Rl " '. ~ I .r~ I t; ~ ...~,,: '" .v' ' ""0~tTm; ? CO Anh7:Cu eoongd tu6i0 (catd(JC).Cutangtnidngdoho~tdQngeuarnaphansinh eh6i(srn),rnaphansinhdfiysocap(peh),s1;1'phanb~lOeuaeaeti~ntu'<;1ngtfing rn~eh(urn) - ~250~j -;; I ~~' I t;~ ~ (f'." ...""... "", 8.." .. ,,~'" --~ ,"'" . ,~ -L -- ~~' I St! tan Anh8:Quatrlnhtangtru'dngeueoong(catd(JC):Ma phansinhchM(srn),rnaphan sinhdfiysodip (peh)va ti~ntu'<;1ngtfing(urn)ho~tdQngt~onhi~ute'baanhu l me(t6ngqmitA,B),(chitiElC,D), ChuO'ng3: Ktt qua va binh lu(in Lu(in an T.S Sinh hQc 74 "'" i '""~ r~ l_- poll: 8 ~;0 - . S':L- tang ? tru'dng ? co 6ng Anh9:Quatrlnhtangtn1dngCllcoong(ditngang):Ma phansinhd~ysocap(pch)va ti~ntu'c;Jngdng (urn)ho~tdQng(A,B),t<;lOnhi~utebaanhumavam~ch(bm) (C),tebaanhumarichtrutinhbQt(tb),16pphaneach(pc)hi~ndi~n(D). , ,,' ,,? " ",' 3.1.4VAl BIEN DOl SINH LY HOA HOC SONG SONG VOl sTj BIEN ,:;, , DOl HINH THAI 3.1.4.1TrQng lu'Qngtu'diva trQng luQngkho Trangquatrlnhtangtnidngeu,tn;mghi<;5ngtu'oiva tn;mglu'<;5ngkho d~ugiatang(hrnh5). (j tu6i 0, khi eub~tdgutangtru'dngeo sVtkh lily IDQtlu'<;5ngIOneha'tdint du'ong.Tli tu6i3,eutangtru'dngnhanh(bi~uhi~n ? qua% trc.mglu'<;5ngtho). d tu6i7va8,sVtangtru'dngeh~ml?i. ChUCfng3: Ke'tqua va binh lut;in Lut;in an T.S Sinh ht;Je 75 450 400 350 ~ 300 c.o 5 c.o250 c: ~ ~ 200 0.... ~ 150 100 St;i tangtnidngenaeneo6ng 11,96 68.96 --- Trqng1u'<:Ingtu'di -.- Trqnglu'<:Ingkh6 -+- %trqnglu'<:Ingkh6 Hlnh 5 : Slj tang tru(Jngeua eu co ong thi hi~nqua trt;Jnglu<;Jng. Than lIen ell sailkhi xuffthi~nclingtangtru'dngnhanh.Sl! tkh liiy ehfftkh6 (% tn;mglucjngkh6) d thankhi sinhlIen ell tu6i 2,3,4,5kh6ng thaydehnhi~u,chungchi thl!esl!giatangtll tu6i7 (hinh6).So sanhellva ph~nthankhi sinhIDQetll ell nay,nh~nthffyph~nthankhi sinhlu6nco tn;mglucjngeaohanph~nell tuangling. Sl! tkh liiy ehfftkh6 d thankhi sinhlIen ell tu6i 1,2,3eaohandell, nhungtll tu6i4 thingucjel?i. 50 -j 17,5 23.37 4,31 7,6 10,36 0 I o6r--- Tu6i ell 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 20 18 16 14 <0 ..c: 12 c.o c: 10 :2 c.o c: 0- 8 .b 6 74,84 l4 2 0 8 '" Chuctng3: Ktt quavablnhlu(in Lu(inan T.SSinhh9C 76 IDnh 6SI!tangtruangeuaph6nthantreneuco{/ngthEhi?nquatr9nglufJng. 3.1.4.2Lu'<jngdu'O'ngt5ngsf{va tinh bQt LuQngduongt6ngso va tinhbQt(j ell giatangtheotu6i ell (hinh7). LuQngduongt6ngso eao(j ell tu6i0, tha'phon(j ell tu6i 1,2,3,4,l~itang lentuell tu6i5.6 tu6i 0 luQngtinhbQttuongdoi tha'p,nhungtu tu6i 1 hiQngtinhbQteaod~n,(j tu6i8 luQngtinhbQtgiamnhy. Khi so sanhluQngduongt6ngso va luQngtinhbQttrongclingmQt ell,truelltu6i0vatu6i6coluQngduongeaonhungluQngtinhbQttha'p,(j ? caetu6i khaeluQngduongeaothl luQngtinhbQtclingeao.d ell tu6i8 hI'Qngduongva luQngtinhbQtco khuynhhuanggiam. SQ'tangtrtiO'ngeuaphfinthantren eu 1600 I I 1816.59 1400 15.3 ------ r 16 1200I / / 14 1000 11.,35 10,95 11,06 12 <0 ..c:: 9.79 ..:.:'-' 10 c:c: "0- 800:= - 8 c:c: 0-0- l::... 600Eo-< 426.27 6 400 232.134 200 j 1 43,19 342 47.14 68,o8 100,44 2 ?O4R , . 0 I "" - , - , " I 0 Tu6iell 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ! -II- Trqng lU'<:1ngtU'di --.- Trqng lU'<:1ngkh6 -+- % trqng lU'<:1ngkh6 Chuung3: Ktt quavablnhlu(m Lu(man T.SSinhh9C 77 LuQ'ngduOngt6ngs6vatinhb(}theotu6iell 45 40 P ..:i 35 Eo- ~ ~ 30 '<0'" ~ 25 ",§.... gf 20 ~ '0 ~ 15 c ~ ..:i 10 36.8 35.87 40 35 28.8 29.3 33 30.5 30 20,14 P 25 ..:i Eo- ~ 1;b 20 5 ;0..Q 15 ~ 16 14.1 13,3 13..6 10 0 tubiell 5 5 0 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 I r:=J LU'<jngdU'iJngt6ngsO'-+- Tinh bQtI Hinh 7: Lu<;!ngduClngt6ngsrI va tinh bQtrheatu6i ell Lu'<;1ngdu'ongt6ngs6 va tinhbQttangd~uacaed6teu6ithankhi sinhkhongt~odu'<;1eell (hlnh8).Lu'<;1ngdu'ongt6ngs6eaoad6teu6ithan khisinhtu'ongdu'ongelltu6i0,giama caed6ttu'ongdu'ongvoi elltu6i1,2 tangleua caed6ttu'ongdu'ongvoiella caetu6ikhae.Lu'<;1ngtinhbQttang d~ntheocaed6ttu'ongdu'ongvoi ell. Lu'<;1ngdu'ongt6ng s6 va tinh bQtella ph~nthankhi sinh tren ell tu'onglingclingdu'<;1eghinh?n(hlnh9). .. ChU(fng3: Ke'tqua va blnh lu4n Lu4nanTS Sinhhtlc 78 Lu(jngduongt6ngs6vatinhbQtlJd6tthfm 30 I I 40 23.92 33,5 2t6 T ~ 35 25 28.8 P I III I / ~~+30 ..... ~ 20 2426 --- Ob fl,7 25 Eo; E ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Ob I ~ 15 20 ,§. I 0<0 ... ... <0- ~ ~ ,.; 15 'E I ~10 ~ I - 10~ I 5 I 5I ! 0 0 I I tu5iell 0 I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 I I , I Ic::=JLuQngduongt6ngs6--+- Tinhbi)tI Hinh 8: Lu(/ng duang tdngsf]'va tinh b(Jt d caed8'tthan tU(fngdU(fngv6'itudi cu. DuOngt6ngs6vatinhbQtcuathankhisinh 20 25 1724 21.94 18 14£7 20--- 16 ~ ..... ~ 14 Ob ,§. 12 <0 ~ ~ 10 o~ ~ 8 ,-0 ":s 'C ~ 6 c: ~- 4 13.4 T 12,9312.3 11.46 P 15 .....~ ~ E ~ <0- 1O~ ~ 5 2 0 0 tu5iell 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Ic::=JLuQngduongt6ngs6 --+- Tinhbi)t I I ~ Hinh 9 :Lu(/ng duang tdngso'vatinh b(Jt cuaphdn than khf sinh tren cu. ChuO'ng3: Ke'tqua va bznhluq.n Luq.nan T.SSinhh9C 79 d phgnthankhi sinhtreneu,luQngduangt6ngs6giamkhi thanbat dgutangtrudng,tangeaotrdI?i khi eud?ttu6i5.LuQngtinhbQttangdgn theos11tangtrudngeuathan(hinh9). So sanhs6 Ii~ud eu, d d6t eu6ithanva thankhi sinhtuongling (hinh7,8,9): luQngduangt6ngs6vatinhbQtd euIuaneaohond d6teu6i thanvaphgnthankhisinhtuongling.LuQngduangt6ngs6tangd6ngthai vdi vi~et6nghQpmQtluQngldntinhbQt. 3.1.4.3St;iQuangh<jpva ho ha'p :0 ]00 '5'sJ-- ~ so 0 '3.. 60 hi thO' n+] Cu'ongdQQuanghcjpvahoha'pcuahico ]SO i-+-CDQHRi, I ]60 -1'-8-CE>HH I 40 135,74 ]40 ]20 94,32 28,36 29.06 29..54 31.58 20 38,1 36,58 39,78 0-. n+2 n+3 n+4 n+S n+6 n+7 n+S n+9 n+]O La thU:n: la mai thanhl(ip bla la con cu6'nlc;li,la n +1: la thanhl(ip trzl6'cLan, LamiJ hoan toan.La thilnhl(ip tnt6'cco s6'Ian.CDQHR : cllongde;quanghC;prong.CDHH: cllongdQh6 hap. Hinh 10 : CuiYng d(J quang hfJp va cuiYng d(J h6 hfip cua cac la co orlg (hen du6'i than khi sinhcomangcu). Chuang3:Kit quavablnhlu(in Lu(inanT.SSinhhC)c 80 Cuco6ngdlila thaneunhu'ngl?i n~mbelldu'oim~tdfftnenkhong quangh<Jp.Tuynhientli'tu6i5 trdlen,caela trenthankhfsinhco kha nangquangh<Jpva clingeffpcaesanph~mehocu. Kha nangquangh<Jp va h6 hffpellacaela bell trenell du'<Jeghinh~nd (hinh10).La thli n+l, n+2,n+3va n+6,n+7 co quangh<Jprangeaosovoi caela khae.Cu'ongdQ quang h<Jpth~t s1.;1'eao d la n+6van+7,trongkhi eu'ongdQh6hffp eaotli'la thlin+8trdlen. Cu'ongdQh6hffpellaelld caegiaido?ntangtru'dngkhaenhaudu'<Je ghinh~n(hinh11).Cu'ongdQh6hffpd?tdinheaod elltu6i0vatu6i6.d caeell tu6ikhaeeu'ongdQh6hffpgiam,thffpnhfftd ell tu6i4. CuoogdQhoha'p 16 ! I I-+-CE>HH I 14 12 10 ;0 :[L ~ 8 0 '3. 6 4 2 0, Tu6iell 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 moh 11: CuongdQh6haptheotudicu. Chuctng3: Ke'tqua va blnh luq.n Luq.nan T.SSinhh(Jc 81 3.1.4.4Xac dinhdi€m biI tru CO2 Thl!c y?t dunglam mfiuy?t do di~mbu tn)'c6 th~chia lam hal nh6m:Nh6mc6di~mbu tru CO2caD>50ppmnhl1bongpha'n,d?uxanh Ilia.Nh6mc6 di~mbu tru CO2tha'p< 10ppmnhl1co tranh,Setaria barbata(Lamk)Kunth.,PanicummaximumJacq.,d€n, co5ng(bang7). Bang7: Dilm bittritCO2cilavai th¥cvq.tdu(/cxacdinhbangphuctngphapchudndQ. Loaitillnghit%m I Di~mblitrirCO2(ppm) Bong phan(MirabilisjalapaL.) Tai tu'<;Ingan (AcalyphaindicaL.) 77:t3,5 55:t3,7 D?uxanh(PhaseolusaureusRoxb.) Lila (OryzasativaL.) 55:t5,2 77:t3,6 Cotranh(ImperatacylindricaP.Beauv.) Setariabarbata(Lamk)Kunth. 2,45:t2,1 5 :t2,1 PanicummaximumJacq., 3,67:t 3,6 7,3:t3,6D~n(AmaranthusviridisL) Co 6ng(PanicumrepensL) 6,I:t4,2 Co 6ngc611;lc;tpd te'baayangbaab6 m:;tchchuatinhbQt(ca'utruc giaiphfiu Kranz) ya c6 di~mbu tru CO2 tha'p.Nhl1y?y, co 5ng la loai th\fcy?t quangh<;5ptheocondl1ongC4 (Thl!cy?tC4). Chucrng3: Ke'tquavablnhluq.n Luq.nanT.SSinhh9c 82 3.1.5CHiT DIED HOA SINH TRUClNGTHUC V~T Ke'tquav~hoc;!ttfnhcha'tdi~uhoasinhtntdngthl,l'cV?ttheosl,l'tang tnl'dngClldu'<;1cghinh?n (hlnh12).Hoc;tttinhgiberelintangd~ntli Cll tu6i 0,auxinva cytokinincaod Clltu6i0,1,2giamxu6ngd Clltu6i3,4,5,r6i tanglc;titli Clltu6i6.Hoc;ttfnhacidabscisicora'tit trongquatriOOtang tru'dngCll(chico d Clltu6i0,6,7). Ho~ttinheha'tDHSTTV theotu6iell 14 12 10 8 4 2 2 3 4 I DOb DAux .Cyt I!!ABAi, I 5 6 7 8 Hinh 12: Hor,lttinh ch(z'tDHSTrV (dr,mgtT;tdo) theotuti cu. Tronggiaidoc;tnd~utangtru'dngtli Clltu6i0 de'nClltu6i2,hoc;ttinh giberelin,auxin,cytokininhi~ndi~nd milc cao,hoc;ttinhacidabscisicco ra'tit.Tronggiaidoc;tnke'tie'p,tli Clltu6i3de'nClltu6i5hoc;ttfnhgiberelin v~ncao,trongkhi hoc;tt tinh auxinva cytokiningiamtha'p,acid abscisic kh6ngghi nh?ndu'<;1c.Tli Cll tu6i 6, hoc;ttinhgiberelin6n dinh,hoc;tttinh auxin,cytokiningiatang,d6ngthaico slfxua'thi~nacidabscisic. l Chuang3: Ktt quavabinhlui).n Lui).nan T.SSinhh(Jc 83 Nhu'V?y, tronggiai dOl;lnd~uclla slf tl;lOCll, slf hi~ndi~nclla acid abscisic,auxinva cytokiningiupslfphanchia,tangr(>ngte"baa giup Cll tangtru'dng.Tli tu6i3,hol;ltHnhgiberelintangcaD,clingtli tu6inayCll it giatangdu'ongkinhnhu'ngch6ill;litangtru'dngml;lnh,longkeDdai d6tl;lo thankhisinh.Tli tu6i7,ch6imoicoth6xu~thi~nd6tangtru'dngthanh ffi(>tdon vi Cll moi. Hol;lt Hnh ch~tdi~u hoa sinh tru'dngthlfc V?t d cac d6t cu6i than khongtl;loCll clingdu'<Jcghi nh?n(hinh13).Giberelinco hol;lttinhtu'ong d6icaDd cacd6t,auxinva cytokinincaDd d6ttu'ongdu'ongClltu6i0 va 1, giamd cactu6ike"tie"p,tangleu tii'tu6i6,acidabscisictu'dngd6i it d cac d6tkhongt~oCll. Ho:;.tinheha'tDHSTTV (jcaed6tthan 10, 9 8 5 5c.c. 4 ..., ~,... , .,.... 3 ~ 0 2 ~. tu6iell 0 2 3 4 , I 10Gb DAux .Cyt !I ABA I 5 6 7 8 Irmh 13 : Harp tinh cluJt DHSITV (dr;mgt'"do) a cae do'tcuo'ithan khzsinh tuangduang tutJi cu. Chuang3: Ke'tquavablnhlu(in Lu(inan T.SSinhh9C 84 ? ? ? ",,? K ... lI: " ,,' , 3.1.6ANH HUaNG CUA DQ AM DA T VA DIEU KI~N TOI, SANG LEN s1j TANG TRU(1NG CD 3.1.6.1Anh hu'dngcuad(}~mda't SvtangtnidngellchillanhhuangelladQgmda't.d dQgmda'tkhae nhausvtangtrudngell co biSuhi~nkhaenhauv~kichthude,hlnhthaiva sinhly. d dQ gmda't14%,thankhi sinhthuongbi kha heo,chi con 3-4 la xanhd dinhngn.Cll it du<;Sethanhl~p.Cll mangeh6it~oellmdidu<;Secae vgybaabe,x6p khitnhau,ma phansinheh6i,ti~ntu<;Sngtftnghftunhu khangho~tdQng(dnhlOA,B). d dQgmda't20%, cocontangtWangeho thankhi sinhmangla x6pkhitl~i,caela co kiehthudeh~p,co 5-6la xanh. Cll v~ndu<;Sethanhl~pnhungtangtrudngeh~m,thShi~nbdi caevgyroi fa,d~ngell theocoea'uda't,khangconhlnhkh6i in; mathuongd~pmang eaevgykha,eh6itll ell it tangtrudng(dnhllA). Ma phansinheh6iho~t dQnggiupgiatangkiehthudeell.Caet6baanhumad phiadayellehua h~ttinhbQtto,concaet6baanhumagftneh6ingnehuah~ttinhbQtnho. ddQgmda't30%, elltangtrudngm~nh,h~th6ngellphattriSn.Cll ehoell mditangtrudng.Cll cohlnhkh6iiron,caevgytachroikhoiell,d€ nh~n tha'ycaelongva d6t,eh6itll ellnhanhchongvuonlenkhoim~tda't(dnh llB). Caemaphansinheh6iho~tdQngm~nh.H~th6ngm~ehcond tr~ng thaisoea'p,conhi~ut6baanhumaphanehiavatangrQng,tiehtrG'nhG'ng h~tinhbQt. Kich thudeell nhokhi GQgmda'tha'p(14%),ell hftunhukhangtang trudng.d GQ gmda't20%ell tangtrudngeh~msovdi d dQgmda't30% (bang8). ChLtCJng3: Ke'tqua va blnh lut;in Lut;inan T.SSinhh9c 85 >~--~ -- ,-- tang ~ trudng ? CO d dQ ') am da't A.nh10~Hinhthaibell ngoaiCDco ong(A) va catd9C(B) d GQ~mGat14%.M6 philn sinhch6i (sm)kh6ngho;:ttGQng. I, '-, lent ~ \ II II Hinh thai co lJ dQ ~am A.nh11...:.Hinh thaibell ngoaiCDco ongd GQ~rnGat20%(A): CDtangtn1dngkern,hinh thaiCDtuythuQcVaGco CaliGat,d GQ~rnGat30%(B), CDtangtnldngtot,bch thuc)cto. Chuong3: Klt qua va blnh IUlJ-n Lu(manT.SSinhhC/c 86 Bang 8 Thayd6ikichthu6ceuco6'ngsau2 tudn(j caedQflmdeft d c1Qa"mc1a't14%, ell co IU<;5ngtinh bQt caD, lu<;5ngc1uangt6ng 56 tha'p.Ngu<;5cll:;li,ac1Qa"mc1a'tcaD han, IU<;5ngc1uangt6ng s6 trong ell tang, conlu<;5ngtinh bQtll:;ligiam (bang9). Bang 9:Lu(/ngduongt6ngsffva tinhbQteuaeu(j caedQtlmdlit TLK* : Tn;mg luQng kho Cuang c1Qh6 ha'p clla ell tang theo c1Qa"mc1a't.d c1Qa"mc1a't14%, ell cocuongc1Qh6 ha'ptha'pnha't(bang10). Bang 10CuongdQh6hapeuaeu(j caedQtlmda't Cll a c1Qa"mc1a't14%co hOl:;lttinhauxin,giberelin(Gb) t11do giam ffil:;lnh.Hol:;ltinh cytokinin(Cyt) va hol:;ltinh acid abscisic(ABA) tl1do tangcao.Ngli<;5Cll:;li,Clla c1Qa"mc1a'tcaohanthl hol:;lttinhauxin,giberelin Doiim dflt(%) Sai bierduangkinhCll (mm) 14 0,07 :!:0,04 20 1,10 :!:0,10 30 3,09 :!:0,40 Loi Cll LuQngduangt6ngs6 (%TLK*) Tinh be)t(% TLK*) (j de)iim dat 14% 8,74:!:3 42,71:!:5 (j de)iim dflt20% 14,86:!:4 34,28:!:4 (j de)iim dflt30% 23,23:!:3 21,67:!:3 LoalCll Cuangde)hohap (102 gia) (j do iim dat 14% 4,76:!:0,2 (j de)iim dflt20% 5,04:!:0,3 (j do iim dflt30% 11,12:!:0,4 Chuang3: Ktt quavabznhlu(in Lu(in an T.S Sinh h9C 87 tvdotang,trongkhiho~tinhcytokininvaacidabscisictvdol~igiam.Sv thayd6iho~tinhcllacaccha'tdi6uh6asinhtnidngthvcv~tla doSvthay d6itr~ngthaicllachung(d d~ngtv dovad~ngdinh)hanla svt6ngh<;5p moi,ngo~itnlcytokinin(bang11). Bang 11 Hot;lt inhch5tdiiu hoasinhtrruiYngth1!cv(itcuacuiYcaedQ5mda't Ho~ttint Cll (j de>!imoat14% Cll (jdQ!imoat20% Cll (j de>!imoat30% (ppm) TD(*) D(*) TS(*) TD(*) D(*) TS(*) TD(*) D(*) TS(*) Auxin 0:1:0 5,0:1:0,8 5,Q:t0,8 2,5:1:0,52:1:0,54,5:t1,1 4,5:1:213,9:t4 18,4:1:5,6 3,0:1:0,50,4:1:0,1 3,4:1:0,6 Gb 1,1:t0,413,4:1:3,614,5:1:4,2 0,7:1:0,20,25:1:0,10,95:1:0,4 1l,7:t3 4,5:1:1,616,2:1:4,5 Cyt ABA 0,025:1:0,02o 0,025:tO,02 0,4:1:0,10,34:1:0,10,74:1:0,2 0,015:1:0,010,01:t0,02 0,025 0,2:1:0,1 0,1:t0,040,3:1:0,1 0,01:t0,010,025:1:0,020,035 (*)TD =t1,I'do;D =dinh;TS =t6ngso SvtangtnI'dngCll tuy thuQCra'tnhi6uVaGdQifm da't.DQ ifm da't cao,Clltangnhanhkichthu'ocvachoCllmojoDQim tha'p,Clltangtru'dng ch~mva co th~ngungtangtru'dng.DQ ifm da'ttha'panhhu'dnglen cac ho~tdQngsinhly bell trangCllnhu':cha'tdi6uh6asinhtru'dngthvcv~tthay d6igiuad~ngtv dova d~ngdinh,cu'angdQho ha'pgiam,lu'<;5ngdu'ang trongCllgiam,lu'<;5ngtinhbQtgiatang. Nhu'v~y,khi dQifmda'ttha'pClldi VaGmientr~ng,chuanhi6ucha't dVtru,cacch6itrenCllngungtangtru'dng. ? 3.1.6.2Anh hu'angcuadi€u ki~ntoi,sang Khi Clld~trongt6i,lOpbi~ubi khongcomallxanh,caclongd~u lienkhongkeGdai matangtru'dngngang,saild6 moikeGdai longthanh thankhi sinh.D6i voi ch6imoixua'thi~ntrenCll,ch6inaysetie'"pwc tang tn1dngthanhCll.Trangthiennhiencac Cll thanhl~psail thu'angco kich I.- Chu:cmg3: Ke'tqua va binh lu(m Lu(inan TS SinhhflC 88 thu'octo hdncacCll c6 tru'oc(dnh12A).Khi Cllbi phdira ngoaisang,lop bi6u bi c6 mall xanh,ch6i nhanhch6ngtangtru'dngb~ngcachkeo d~li 16ngd6 thanhthankhf sinh.C6 s1;1'xua'thi~nnhi€u ch6imoi trenCll.Cac ch6inay clingtangtru'dngthanhthankhf sinh,Cll khongdu'<;5cthanhl~p (dnh12B). Anh hu'dngt6i sangtren st! tang tru'dngcii Anh 12.:.;.HInh thaiben ngoaiCll co 6ngtangtru'ongtrongt6i (A). Ngoai sang(B): Cll khangtangtruong,nhi~uch6itrenCllphattri~nthanhthankhi sinh.cih dQcCll o~ngoai sang(C), ma phansinhch6i crunhva ch6iben (sm)ho<;ltoQngclIng vai maphansinhlongset<;lOnhi~uthankhi sinh.Bo m<;lch(bm)phattri~nsam. Long (1)va 06t(0)phanbi~td~dang. ChuO'ng3: Ke'tqua va blnh luq.n Luq.nanTS Sinhh9C 89 Trongt6i, Cll tangtntdngdoma phansinhch6ingQnclingvai ma d~nxua'ttu ma phansinhch6i ngQnho(;ltdQng,t(;lOcac lOpt6 b~tOx6p xuyentamgilipgiatangdu'ongkinh,cacmaphansinhnayho(;ltdQngco giaih(;ln.M~tkhac,st;(giatangkichthu'acCllcondost;(phanchia t6baa cllacacti~ntu'qngtgngm(;lchva st;(giatangkkh thu'ac llacact6 baa vungtangtru'dng(anh7). Ngoaisang,maphansinhch6ingQn,maphansinhch6ibellvama phansinhlongho(;ltdQngm(;lnh,k6tquaconhi~uch6itangtru'dngnhanh, longkeGdai thanhthankhi sinh,bo m(;lchsamhlnhthanh,Cll tangtru'dng ch~m(anh12C,bang12). Cll d~trongt6itangtru'dngnhanh,giatangkkh thu'ac,tuCllthu'ong chichomQtch6itangtru'dngva ch6inayphattri~nthanhCll k6 ti6p. Trangda'tCllcokkh thu'actohc5ntrongcat(bang12). Bang12KichthuClCcllkhide'trangtoivangaaisang Tu~n Kiehthu'oelltrongtoi(mm) Kieh thu'oeell ngoaisang(mm) d<lt cat d<lt cat 1 2 4,20:t0,4 4.31:t0,5 4,86:t 0,3 5,04:t 0,5 4,16:t 0,4 5,44:t 0,3 4,18:t0,4 5,42:t 0,3 ° 3 6,90:t0,3 5,84:t0,5 7,47:t0,3 6,40:t0,4 5,52:t0,3 5,62:t 0,3 5,50:t 0,3 5,50:t 0,3 Trongt6i,ho(;ltHnhauxinva ho(;ltinhcytokinintt;(dotangcao,ho(;lt tinhgiberelinva ho(;ltHnhacidabscisictt;(do tha'pgilip Cll tangtru'dng. Ngoaisang,ngu'qcl(;liho(;ltinh auxinva hO(;ltinh cytokinintt;(do tha'p, ho(;lttinhgiberelinva ho(;ltinhacidabscisictt;(docao,Cllit giatangdu'ong kinh,nhu'nglongkeGdai.St;(thayd6iho(;ltinhclla cacchfftdi~uboasinh ChucJng3: Kit quavabcnhlu(m Lu(inan T.SSinhh9C 90 tntdngth\1'ev~td trongt6i hayngoaisangla dos\1't6ngh\5pmdihanla s\1' thayd6itr?ngthaiellachung(dd?ngt\1'dova d?ngdfnh)(bang13). Bang 13Hog.tfinkchatdi~uhoGsinhtrruongth1!cv(itcuacu trongt(;'iva (ghinh(insau2 tu&nl Nhu'v~y,khi bi phaisangell eh~mHingtru'dng.Ma phflll sinheh6i ngnva maphansinheh6ibell ho?tdQngt?Onhi6ueh6itrenell.Ma phan sinhlongho?tdQngm?nh.Ch6ituellkhangt?Oell mdimatangtru'dng thanhthankhfsinh.Trongt6ielltangtru'dng.Thu'ongchicomQteh6itren ell tangtru'dngt?Oell ke-tie-poS\1'tangtru'dngell trongt6i hayngoaisang co lien h~de-ncaeeha'tdi6uhoa sinhtru'dngth\1'ev~t.Ngoai sang,ho?t tinhauxin giam m?nh.Ho?t tinh giberelinva ABA tang eao.Ho?t tinh giberelintangeaoco lien quaild6nho?tdQngellamaphansinhlong. ? ~ , ... ?? K 3.1.7KHA NANG TAl SINH VA T~O CU CO ONG 3.1.7.1Kha Dangbii sinhcuaco trong di~oki~ngiamlu(jngnuoc ? trongco Kha nangtai sinh ella co tuy thuQevao lu'\5ngnu'detrongell (hlnh14). flXUU£SUflX Hot tinh Cll d trongtoi Cll d ngoaisang (ppm) TV do Dinh T6ngso TV do Dinh T6ngso Auxin 3,0I 1 OIO 3,0I 1 0,46IO,l OIO 0,46I 0,1 Gb 6,38I 2 3,97IO,8 10,35I 3,1 13,97I3,6 0,8IO,l 14,7I4,8 Cyt 0,51IO,2 0,25IO,l 0,76I 0,4 0,24I 0,05 1,18IO,2 1,42I 0,4 ABA 0,025IO,02 0,lOIO,O5 0,125IO,05 0,1I 0,04 0,1I 0,05 0,2IO,l Chu(Jng3: Ke'tqua va blnh lu(in Lu(in an T.S Sinh h9C 91 Kha nangtaisinhtheolu'qngnu'Oc 100 I-+- Mt1c llii sinhI 6 75 60 lu'()'ngnu'Octrong en(%) 55 30 Hinh 14:Kha niingtai sinhclla co rhealu(lngnUCfCtrangcll Kha nangtai sinhellaeogiamIgntheohi<;5ngm1detrongell.MQt 1u'<;5ngnu'detrongell giameon75%sovdi 1u'<;5ngnu'detrongellmdi Ia"yv~, v~nehu'aanhhuangd6n slj tai sinhellaeo.Chi khi IU<;5ngudetrongell giamdudi mile nay thl slj tai sinhella eo mdi bi anhhuang.Khi lu<;5ng nu'detrongell giamd6n30%,eoma"tkhanangtai sinh,d I~ehoeh6itang tru'dngra"tha"p(6%). 3.1.7.2Caeb(}ph~neolienquaDde'nsrItangtrudngell * R~ 100 1100 90 80 70 60 C 'r;; :s 50 40 30 20 10 0 100 ChuO'ng3: Ktt quavabinhlu(m Lu4nanT.SSinhhQc 92 Khi c~tr~,Cll tangtn.1'dngch?m.Kich thu'ocCll nho hon so voi Cll khongc~tr~ (bang14).Cll moi tt;!oraclingch?mton. Tn Cll,r~mQcda~ vaphannhanh. Bang14Kichthu(Jcellkhibicdtd sau2 twin d Cllc~tr~lu'tgiam,lu'<;1ngdu'ongt6ngs6tangsovoi Cll khongc~tr~(bang15). Bang 15Hamlu(JngduCJngtangso'vatinhbQt(j elledtd (ghinh4nsau2 twin) TLK* :TrQng1uQngkho d Cll c~t r~hot;!t tint auxintang,trongkhi hot;!t tint giberelin, cytokinin,ABA giamsovoi Cllkhongc~tr~(bang16). Bang 16:Ho(lttinheaeehatDHSTTV thi!ev4t(j ell edtd (ghinh4nsau2 tu&n) Lo,p Cll Kich thuacCll(mm) hIediiu hic cu6i saibit Khongdt r: (d6ichang) 5,42:t0,51 7,64:t 0,64 2,22 C t r: 5,46:t0,45 6,87:t 0,5 1,41 Lo,p Cll LuQngduongt6ngs6(%TLK*) Tinh bQt(% TLK*) Khongd t r: (d6ichang) 17,85:t0,95 28,65:t 1,87 Ct r: 19,97:t1,18 23,94:t1,62 chill rrich Cll khongdt r: Cll dt r: (ppm) Tl! do Dinh T6ngs6 Tl! do Dinh T6ngs6 Auxin 3,0:t 0,5 0,4:t 0,1 3,4:t0,6 4,6:t 0,5 1,2:t 0,2 5,8:t0,7 Gb 10,38:t 1,19 3,97:t0,59 14,35:t1,7 8,97:t 0,6 0,8:t 0,2 9,77:t0,7 Cyt 0,25:t 0,05 0,15:t0,07 0,40:t 0,1 0,14:t0,06 0,1O:t0,04 0,24:t0,1 ABA 0,01:t 0,002 0,02:t0,005 0,O3:tO,QI O,QI:t 0,002 0,015:t0,005 0,025:t0,007 ChLtO'ng3: Ke'tqua va binh Luq.n Luq.nan T.S Sinh h(Je 93 * La Khi cAtla, Cllch~mtangtnidngthShi~nquakichthu'ocCll(bang 17).sO'r~t:;tothemclingithonsovoid6ichung(2sovoi2,5). Bang 17Kieh thLtaellkhibi edtLasau2 twin Hamlu'<;lngdu'ongt6ngsO'va tinhbQttrongCllclingthayd6i.Khi cAt la, lu'<;lngdu'ong~6ngsO'trongCll gia tang con lu'<;lngtinh bQtl:;tigiam (bang18). Bang 18 Ham LLt(1ngdLtangto'ngsf;'va tinh bQtiJ ell cdt La(ghi nhq.nsau 2 rutin) TLK* :TrangluQngkho Khi cAtla, ho:;ttinhchit di~uboa sinhtru'dngd Cll bell du'oicling thayd6i r6 r~tca d:;tng1l;I'do va d:;tngdinh (bang19).HO(;ltinh auxinva giberelingiamtrongkhiho:;tttinhcytokininvaacidabscisictangcao. B? 19H, , h caechdtDHSITV iJ ell co thanbi eiltLa(Khinha 2 '" ) Lo;p Cll Kich thu'ocCll (mm) hIedu hIe cu6i saibit Khongc:lthi (d6i chung) 5,50:!:0,58 7,71:!:0,45 2,21 Ciit hi 5,48:!:0,46 6,46:!:0,55 0,98 Lmp Cll LuQngduongt6ngso (%TLK*) Tinh bQt(% TLK*) Khongc:lthi (d6ichung) 17,92:!:1,06 28,19:!:2,56 Ciit hi 20,66:!:1,66 20,43:!:2,80 --u -- --- ,- -- ---- ------, Cha'ttrich Cll c6 thankhongc:lt hi Cll c6 thanbi c:ltlei (ppm) Tv do Dinh T6ngso Tv do Dinh T6ng sO' Auxin 3,0:!:0,5 0,4:!:0,1 3,4:!:0,6 0,55:!:0,2 0,22:!:0,1 0,77:!:0,3 Gb 10,38:!:2,2 3,8:!:1,9 14,IS:!:4,1 8,9:!:2,9 0,8:!:0,4 9,7:!:2,5 Cyt 0,31:!:0,1 0,25:!:0,05 0,56:!:0,1 1,0:!:0,5 0,15:!:0,05 1,15:!:0,4 ABA 0,025:!:0,02 0,1:!:0,05 0,125:!:0,02 0,2:!:0,1 0,1:!:0,05 0,3:!:0,05 ChLtcJng3: Klt qua va blnh lu(in Lu(in an T.S Sinh h9C 94 * Than V§ hinh thai, khi cAt than,ch6i m~mtren CDtang tn1dngnhanh thanhthankhi sinh,ch6im~md cacd6tthanconl~iclingdu<;5ckichthich tangtrudng.CDtangtrudngra-tch~m,kichthuocCDnh6hdnnhi~usovoi CDd 16d6ichang(khongcAtthan)(bang20). Bang 20Kich thLtcJcukhibi cdtthansau2 twin Lu<;5ngduangt6ngsO'va tinhb9td CDclingthayd6i, co s1;1'gia tang lU<;5ngduangt6ngs6va giamlu<;5ngtinhb9td1;1'till trongCD(bang21). Bang 21 Ham 111(/ngdl1CJngtdngsf;'va tinh bf)t(j cu cdt than (ghi nhqn sau 2 twin) TLK: trQngluQngkh6 Khi cAtthan,hoC;lttinh cha-tdi§u hoa sinhtrudngd CDlien h~bell duoiclingthayd6i r6 ca d~ngt1;1'dova dinh.Ho~ttinhauxinva giberelin giamtrongkhi ho~ttinhcytokininva acidabscisictangcaD(bang22). B? 228 'h ' hatDHSTTV(jcucothanbicdt (f!hinh" 2 " ) Lmp Cll Kich thuocCll(mm) llic du llic cu6i saibit Kh6ng dt than(d6i chung) 5,44:t0,6 7,68:t0,65 2,24 Ct than 5,48:t0,47 6,1O:t0,60 0,62 LOal Cll LuQngduongt6ngs6(% TLK) Tinh bQt(% TLK) Kh6ngdt than(d6ichung) 17,98:t1,87 27,98:t2,9 Ct than 20,71:t1,45 17,1O:t3,8 J anQ" -,- ----------- Chit trich Cll kh6ngdt than(BC) Cll dt than (ppm) Tl1do Dinh T6ngs6 Tl1do Dinh T6ngs6 Auxin 3,0:t 0,5 0,4:t 0,1 3,4:t0,6 0,3:to,2 0,1:t0,1 0,4:t 0,1 Gb 10,38:t 2,2 3,8:t 1,9 14,15:t4,1 12,0:t4,9 0,5:t 0,5 12,5:t3,5 Cyt 0,31:t 0,1 0,25:t 0,05 0,56:t0.1 1.5:t 1 0,0:t0,0 1,5:t 1 ABA 0.025:t 0,02 0,1:t0,05 0,125:t0,02 0,1:t0,1 0,3:t0,1 0,4:t 0,1 ChU(fflg3: Ke'tqua va blnh lu(in Lu(inanT.SSinhh9C 95 Caeke-tquatrenchotha-ythan,la, r~co vai trora-tquailtrQngtrong StftangtniCingCll.Ne-ucacbQph~nnaybi rna-tdi thl slf tangtniCingCllbi anhhuCing,ho?ttinhcha-tdi~uboasinhtraCingthlfCv~t,lU<;1ngduangt6ng s6valu<;1ngtinhbQtclingthayd6i. 3.1.7.3St;ltangtntdngenaenbicol~p Khi co l~pkhoi t~pdoan,SlftangtraCingCllco biSuhi~nkhacnhau tilytheotu6iCll.Khi sosanhvoicacCllcoclingtu6ikhongbi tachrai,cac elltachrai tangtraCingkern(biSuhi~nquatrQnglu<;1ng)(bdng23,hznh15). Bang23:SljtangtruangcuacukhitachraikhOitqpdoan.Ke'tquaghinh(insau14ngay.Giatri ()bir/uthitrqnR,Zw!nR,cuacaetu6itlilJnR,anR,khOnR,bi tachraidoanf!tlv0 ? Sail 14ngayCll chuah6i phl,lcl?i trQnglU<;1ngband~u.d tu6i0 va tu6i1ch6ikhongtangtraCing,Cllbi hu.Tli tu6i2 ch6itangtraCingthanh thankhi sinh,s6 ch6i tangtraCingtangd~ntheotu6iCll.Tu6i 5 va tu6i6 ellit bi anhhuCing,chungg~nG?tdU<;1ctrQnglU<;1ngbanG~u. , LO<,litu6i TrQng hI'<;Jngtl1di(mg) TrQng 111<;Jngkh6 (mg) % soeh6itang ? trl1dngeu 0 29,6 :t5,7 (36,03) 3,19 1 0,46 (4,31) 0 10,0 1 59,54 :t9,15 (81;77) 4,58 1 1,83 (7,80) 0,1:to,1 2 77,3517,68 (117,38) 5,46 1 1,25 (10,36) 421 12,6 3 124,20:t 9,86 (167,41) 9,82 1 2,4 (17,50) 76:t 8,4 4 155,80:t16,22 (187,12) 18,50:t 2,8 (23,37) 92:t4,1 5 194,21:t 17,64(218,70) 26,1714,2 (30,18) 10012,3 6 304,72:t20,50 (312,30) 44,14 :t 6,5 (47,89) 1001 1,0 Chuang3: K[/tquavabinhlu(in Lu(in an T.S Sinh hflC 96 350 CD $: .:;::,200;:p ~ ;:p1500- l- E-< 300 250 100 0 Tu6i ell 81/tangtru'dngCllaellkhitachrill CJ)s 's b CJ) 60 ~ 120 304.72 50 0 100 r 100 80 ,;; i.c , 40 ~! 44.14 20 60 --- TrQnghi<!ng~~i TrQng1U'<!ngkh6 -+- %ch6itangtrU'dng1 Hlnh 15:SI! tangtruangcua cu khi tachrai kh6i t(ipdoan.Ke'tqua ghi nh(insau 14 ngay Nhu v~y,khi tachroi khoi t~pdo~m,cu giamtangtnJ'ang,miledQ anhhuangtuythuQcvaotu6ieu,tu6icangIOncangit bi anhhuang.Chf{t d1;1'tra clingnhukhanangquanghCJpcuala co vai trarf{tquailtrQngtrong 81;1'tangtruangcu. 18.5 . . 2 3 4 5 Chu:ong3:Kit quavaBinhlul)n Lul)nan TS SinhhflC 119 3.2BINH LU!N Dil dgt1mbi~nphapphongtn1hUllhi~u,t~ng6cd6ivdico6nghay khaithacsinhkh6ichom1,lcdichchannuoiho~cch6ngxoimOll,vi~ccffn thi6tlaphil nghienCUlld~ctinhsinhhQccuaco,cacdi~uki~nmoitn1dng I coanhhuang,d~cbi~tla h~th6ngcu,quadobi6tduQcnhungd~cdlgm I cuaquatrlnhhinhthanhvatangtrudngCllco,ngu6ng6cphatsinhcan hanhvathankhisinh. 3.2.1Yell to'moitr1iongvas11ph:Htri~ncuaco6ngtrongthiennhien Noi thi nghi~m(nongtru'dngd ngoc;tihanhTp. H6 Chi Minh) la vilngda'tphen,chuanhi~unhomva sat(bang3).Noi dayGilligchillanh huangcuanudclQ(hamluQngnatriumcao),pHtha'p.Trongnamco2mila r5r~t:mila nangva milamila.Mila liang,dQffmkhongkhi va dQffmda't thffp(hlnh2). Mila mila, nudcng~pngangm~tlip. Co 6ng hffunhuluon hi~ndi~nvachi6mu'uth6trenb~m~tlip,domucdQnhiSmphencaolam gidihc;tnsv phanb6 cuacac loai khac(Le Huy Ba 1982,H6 Minh 51 1974)[1][17].Trong moi trudngda'tphen,chinhpH tha'pdil lam tangtinh hoatan cua cac ion AI3+,Fe2+,Mn2+gay dQccho thvcv~t(Phc;tmQuang Khanh1997,Le Van Khoava csv1996,NguySnBangKhoi va Duong HuuThdi 1981,Le VanTv 1996)[11],[12],[13],[23]. Thanhphffnkhoangco trongco cao(bang2), d~cbi~td rS hi~n di~nnhi~ucha'tkhoanggaydQCa n6ngdQcaonhusat,nhom.Natri,sat, nhom,sulphatla nhungcha'tlieubi~uchoda'tphenm~n(bang3).RS la noiha'pthuChllye'ucaccha'tkhoangcffnthie'tva liganch~nsvxamnh~p cuacaccha'tkhoanggaydQc,c1i~unayghinh~ndu<;1cd6i VOlnhomva sat (bang4,5).TheoArchambaultvacsv1996,LukaszewskivaBlevins1996, ChLtClng3: Ktt quavaBlnhluq.n Luq.nanT.SSinhhQc 123 lOpMQthi m~m,st!tangtntdngdu'ongkinh thanh~unhu'khongxay ra do khongco cacmophansinhthil cap(Esau 1967,Fahn 1989)[60],[62].Tuy nhien,trongmQtvai tht!cv~tl;:tico cact6 chilcd~ylen,nhu'dthancac loaiHQCQ,canhanhcuachu6i(Musaspp),cuhanhray(Alliumcepa).St! d~yleunhanhchongva dangke nayxayrabelldu'dimophansinhch6i ngQn.Khdi d~ucuast!thanhl~p(phatsinh),du'ongkinhthangiatangd~u d~n,VI the'd longke'tie'pserQnghonsovdi longtru'deno,chode'nkhi thand;:ttdu'<;ckich thu'dchic tru'dngthanh(Esau 1967,Fahn 1989)[60], [62].Theo Esau 1967[60],cacthandontli'di~pgia tangdu'ongkinhbitng ffiQtmophansinhd~nxuattitmophansinhngQn,phanchiabaaquanh t;:tocacdaygiaot~nglamgiatangchi~ud~ycuatrl!c.Tac giagQido la mophansinhddysocap(primarythickeningmeristem),tu'ongtt!nhu'mQt t~ngphatsinh.No co thekeGdaira d ph~nngo;:tivi cuatrl!c.Mo phan sinhnayt;:toracacnhumovacacdayti~ntu'<;ngt~ng.Sailkhist!keGdai longke'tthuc,chi~ud~ycuatrlfcv~ncontangtru'dngnhoquatrlnhphan chiavatangrQngte'baanhumo.Fahn1989[62]giaithichr6honv~lieu I ho;:ttdQngtangrQngnay.Trongcactht!cv~tco sv gia tangdu'ongkinh than,dinhdichtht!ccuano khong!dn,nhu'ngd ngaysatvungbell du'di drnhcost!phanbaaratm;:tnh.Vi the',ho;:ttdQngnaydu'<;cxemnhu'la mQt ph~ncuast!tangtru'dngsocapcuach6i.Vungnaydu'<;cgQila milmo phansinh(meristematiccap).Vungnayratkhoquailsatkhic:ltdQcch6i, nencavungphanbaam;:tnhnaydu'<;cgQichungla mophansinhd~yso cap.Tht!cfa,mophansinhd~ysocapchila mQtph~ncuamllmophan sinh.Ho;:ttdQngphanbfw xuathi~ntrongvungmo phansinh,lam chost! thanhl~pcac day ti~ntu'qngt~ngh~unhu'nitmngangva it nhi~usong ChucJng3: Klt quavaBlnhluq.n Luq.nanTS SinhhQc 131 baathunguyensinh,caequatrlnhbi6n duonggiam,th1;1'ev~tkhongtang trudng.N6u s1;1'thie'unuded(;ttde'nditimheotanvinhvi~nse lamma'"tkha nangtai sinhella caecd quail,dftnd6n s1;1'ehe'tella th1;1'Cv~t.MQt s6 th1;1'e v~td6i pho l(;tidi~uki~nthie'unudebangeachs6ngeh~m(mientr(;tng) (Hopkins1995,Salisburyva Ross1992,Taiz vaZeiger1991)[83],[138], [156].E>6ivdi caeloaicoellkhithie'unude,caemophansinhho(;ttdQng kern,khanangphanehiava tangrQngte'baagiam,muedQhoamQet6 cllacaet6 baatrongtllY eao,ell khonghlnhthanhhaykhongthtitang trUdngduQe(hinh1) (Chvava esv 1983,Onwuemeva Charles1994, ? Wilson 1983)[47],[130],[175].d co 6ng cling tudngt1;1',khi dQ ffmda'"t thgp,thankhi sinhtangtrudngeh~m,long khongkeG dai, kieh thudela nho.Cll cothtingungtangtrudngdomophansinhkhongho(;ttdQng,kieh thudcell nho(bangS,anh10B). Ch6i duQecaevffyla baabQe,di VaG tr(;tngthais6ngeh~m,coho(;ttdQngbi6nduongtha'"pthtihi~nquaeudng dOhoha'"pgiam(bang10)lamh(;tneh6khanangtraGd6ivdimoitrUdng. Khicodll nudeellsetaitangtrttdng.E>i~unaygiupco6ngphattritint6t trenmoitrttdngkhoh(;tn.Tuynhien,khi luQngnudetrongellco6nggiam d€n 30%sovdiluemdithuho~ehthlkh:lnangtaisinheuaeukhongcon (hinh14).E>i~unaygiaithieh1;'doVIsaGnongdaTImu6ndi~ttmloaico nay,phaidaohe'th~th6ngell va canhanhr6i phdichungleu m~tda'"t trongmQtu~nl~mdilamehe'tco,trongkhid6ivdicotranh,chie~nphdi cotrongbangayclingdlllammgtkhanangtaisinh. Nhuv~y,trongquatrlnhtangtrudngeuco5ngrgtein nude.Thie'u nudeellkhongduQethanhl~phayngungtangtrttdng.Caeeh6itrenelldi VaGtr(;tngthaimientr(;tng.ChIkhimQtluQngnudetrongellgiamde'nmue Chuang3: KI/tquavaBinh lu(in Lu(inan TS Sinhhflc 132 toi thi€u (30%),ell matkhanangt,ii sinh.E>i~unay?iai thichkhanang I sinht6nm~nhellaco 6ngtrenmoitn1'dngkhoh~neD.ngnhu'eachki€m smltloaicod?inay. 3.2.4Caeye'uto'anhhtidngleusll t~oCll Stft~oellchilianhhu'dngelladi~uki~nt6ivasang.Khi nghieneuu s11t?Oell trennhungd6i tu'<;$ngkhaenhau,nhi~utaegia ghinh?ne~nphai d~trongdi€u ki~nt6i hoan toanhay eu'dngdQanh sangy€u thi ell mdi du'<;$et?Ofa. Trongdi€u kit%nanhsangy€u, ell eh?mxuathi~nva co kieh thu'denho(Charlesvaesv1993,CourdurouxvaMargot1969,Desire1995, Houndonoughbo1989,Hulseherva esv 1996,Koda va Okazawa1988, Kodava esv1988,Tissarat1987)[45],[51],[57],[86],[87],[92],[93], [162].E>6ivdi co ongmu6nt~oell e~nphaidi;itrongdi~uki~nt6i hoan to~m.S11lienh~giil'adi~uki~ntoivdistft~oellehu'adu'<;$egiaithichr6,co th~chungcolienh~d€n caeho?tdQngbiSndu'ongellaquatrinhnay.Khi phoiell rangoaisang,ell tangtru'dngeh?m(bang12).Mo phansinheh6i vamophansinhlongho?tdQngm?nhehonhi€u thankhi sinh(anh12), di€u nayngu'<;$el?i vdi stftangtru'dngell la gia tangdu'dngkinh.Ho?t dQngkiehthichmophansinheh6iva mophansinhlongco lien ht%dSn giberelin(Davies1995,Tamas1995)[55],[159]. Nhi~tdQla di~ukit%ne~nthiStehostft?Oell.Khoaitayla loais6ng dvungonddi,nhit%tGQthap,khoaitayt?Oellkhi costfehenhl~ehnhi~t GQgiua ngayva Gem,di;iebi~tla nhit%tdQGemtir 10-14°Ckich thichs11 t~oell khoai tay (Krauss 1978trongHaeder va Beringer 1983,Wilson 1977)[72],[174].Co ongchItangtru'dngt6tvat?Oelld 27°c, condnhi~t GQ22°c cotangtru'dngkernvakhongt?Oell.Coth~vi coongla loaithtfc Chuang3: Kit quavaBlnh luq.n Luq.nan T.S Sinh h9C 133 v~t C4 s6ng avung nhi~t ddi nen st! tang tnrang va t~oCll dii thich nghi vdi di~uki~n moi tHrongco nhi~tdQcao. D6i vdi co 6ng,moi truongco lU<;1ngcha'tkhoangcao(MS1y) diy ch~mt~ocu.,d l~t~ocu.tha'psovdi moi truongco lu<;1ngcha'tkhoangtha'p (MS1y/2)(bdng28).Desire 1995[57]clingtht!chi~nthanhcongst!t~.oCll khoailay trong6ngnghi~m(j di~uki~nt6i lien tIfcvdi hamlu<;1ngduong trongmoitruongnuoica'yla 8%vathanhph~nkhoangdaluQngMS giam mQtmia.Moi truongMurashige-SkoogchualuQngN cao,phaichangkhi giamkhoangdaluQngdii keorheagiamluQngN, tudokichthicht~ocu.. TheoCharlesvacsv1993,Desire1995,Ewing1995[45],[57],[61],luQng N cao nganch~nst!t~ocu.cu.atht!cv~t.M?t khac,khi xU'19N n6ngdQ cao trong thai gian dai, luQnggiberelin nQi sinh tang len, dftn dtn cu. khongdU<;1cthanhl~p(Krauss1978trongRaedervaBeringer1983)[72]. Vi~cnuoica'yco 6ngtrong6ngnghi~mda:giupkhaosatcacdi~u ki~nanhhuanglen st!t~ocu.d~dangbon.Khi b6 sungvitaminva cha't di~uboasinhtruangtht!cv~tthuQcnhomauxindii giupt~or~chomo ca'y,chungtoch6ico 6ngchuat6ngh<;1pdu.caccha'tcftnchonhuc~utai t~ol~icoth~.Trongtt!nhien,co6ngcokhanangtangtruangm~nhtrong nhi~umoi truongkhacnhau,d?c bi~tchungthichnghilIen moi tru'ong phenm?nco chuanhi~uionkhoang(Skermannva Riveros1989)[147], nenkhib6 sungthemduong(40g/l)vaomoitruongnuoica'ygQilen suy fighT,co6ngc~nmoitruongcoapsua'th~mtha'ucaod~tangtruanghon la cftnnhi~uluQngcarbohydratchonhuc~ubitn duong.TheoAmmirato 1983,Jeongva csv1995,Torres1989[30],[89],[164]luQngduong20g/1 clingdlld~moca'ytait~ol~icaynguyen. ChwYng3: Ket quavaBlnh luq.n Luq.nanTS Sinhh(Jc 134 Nhu'v~y,slJ nuoi ca'yva tc;tOcu co 6ngtrong6ng nghi~rnda:chling minhslJ tangtru'dngva tc;tOcu chili anhhu'dngbdi di~uki~ns6ngcuathlJc v~t trong t1;1'nhien. 3.2.5Vai tro enaeha'tearnungt~oenvaeha'tdi~uboasinhtrtidng Theo Chailakhyan1985,Madec 1966,Wareing 1984[42]; [104], [169]slJ tc;tOcu du'Qctc;tOra bdi cha'tcarnling tc;tOcu. Cha'tcarnling tc;tOcu baa g6m ca cha'tdi~uhoa sinh tnl'dngthlJc v~tva cha'tkhac voi nhii'ng cha'tdi~uhoa sinhtnI'dngthlJCv~tda:bi€t (Wareing1984)[169].Cha'tcam ling tc;tOcu cling du'Qcly trichbdi Koda va csv 1988[93]voi ten gQiacid tuberonic(TA). Acidtuberonicla mQtd~nxua'tcuaacidjasrnonic(JA). JA g~pph6bi€n d nhi~uthlJCv~tb~ccaD,anhhu'dngtrenslJ sinhtru'dngva phattri~ncua thlJc v~t,no co tac dl;lngg~ngi6ngnhu'acid abscisic (Creelmanva Mullet 1995,1997,Grossva Parthier1994,Koda 1992, Staswick1995)[53],[54],[71],[95],[152].JA conhl cha'tc;tOcu rnc;tnh (Kodava Kikuta1991,Kodavacsv1994)[94],[96].Ngoaitacdl;lngcarn lingtc;tOCll,JA con tacdQnglen slJ tangtru'dngCllkhoaiHiy,JA kichthich tangrQngt€ baa nhumo nhu'tacdQngclla auxin,no con giupCllha'pthu sucrosetu moitru'ongnuoica'yva sinht6nghQpcellulosegiupgiatang kichthu'octS baa (Takahashiva csv 1994,1995)[157],[158].Voi cha't trichtu la co 6ngSOgla tu'di/100ml moi tru'ong,dichtrichda:kichthichtc;tO ellkhoaiHiysail2 thang.E)i~unaychotha'ycha'trichd la co 6ngda:cam lingtc;tOCllkhoaitay,mQtloai thlJCv~tco Cllkhac,dil trenchinhno chi lamphilg6cthan,khdid~ucllaslJ tc;tOCll(bdng29,30).Co th~d d l~nay ehu'adugiupCllco6ngtangtru'dnghayclingcoth~quatrlnhtc;tOCllc~n phaico tacdQngcuacha'tdi~uhoa sinhtru'dngnhu'da:du'Qcghi nh~n ChLtung3: Klt quavaBinh lugn Lugnan TS Sinhh(Jc 135 (KodavaOkazawa1988,Wareing1984)[92],[169]vachungrninh(bang 28). Th1!cv~tkhongdi chuy~ndu'Qcnhu'dQngv~t.Khi moitru'ongthay d6i,th1!Cv~tnh~nbie'tdu'Qcs1!thayd6i dob~ngcacbQph~ncllacdth~, cac"tinhi~u"phatdi tumoitru'ongsedu'Qcth1!Cv~tghinh~nchuy~nd6i thanhcactinhi~urieng(ehfftdi~uboasinhtru'dngth1!cv~t),caetinhi~u naysetruy~nde'nbQmayditruy~n,quadocacenzymtu'dngungdu'Qct~o thanhva ho~tdQng,giupth1!cv~tdO'iphol~imoitru'ongmQtcachhi~u qua(Kaufmanva csv1995,Salisburyva Ross1992,Taizva Zeiger1991, Vli Van Vl.;!va csv 1993)[90],[138],[156],[25].Chfftdi~uboa sinh tntdngthI!cv~t co lienquailm~t thie'tde'nquatrinhsinhtru'dngvaphcit tri~nClla th1!ev~t, trong do co sl! t~o Cll. Cac ke't qua (bang 11,13,16,19,22,26,hinh12,13,anh14,15,16)chothffyho~ttinhchfftdi~u boasinhtru'dngth1!Cv~tkhongnhungthayd6i theocd quail,theogiai do~ntangtru'dngellaCll,maconthayd6i khi co nhungye'uto'tacdQng lens1!tangtru'dngCll. Khi dQ~mdfftthffp,ho~tinhauxin,giberelint1!dogiamdangk~, ho~tinhacidabscisieva cytokinint1!docaD(bang11)di€u naylamcho cuva ch6itrenCll tangtru'dngkernhayngungtangtru'dng.Kleh thich phanbaala mQtd~etinhcllacytokinin.Tuynhien,d di~uki~ndQ~mthffp khongthffyco s1!phanbaa d Cllco 6ng (anh10).Di€u nay clingdu'Qeghi nh~nbdi Takahashiva csv 1994[157]khi nghienCUlltren Cll khoai tay: n6ngdQABA va cytokinincaDcantangtru'dngCll.Trongdi€u ki~nnayco Iecytokininlien quaild~nsinht6nghQptinhbQtd Cll lam lu'QngtinhbQt giatang(bdng9).Obata-Sasamotova Suzuki 1979[128]chor~ngs1!giam ChLCC!ng3: Ktt qua va Blnh luq.n Luq.nan T.SSinhhQc 136 h.l\1ngauxinvatangIu'Qngcytokinin Qisinhsekkh thkhenzymt6nghQp tinhbQtho<;ltdQng.Tu'dngll;!',ngoaisangho<;lttinhauxingiam,ho<;lttinh giberelintangcaod~nd6nCllkhongtangtru'dngmac6nhi~uch6itrenCll (bang13,anh 12).Theo Wilson 1983[175],trongnghienCUllv~sl;ttang tru'dngCllkhoailang,Cllsengungtangtru'dngkhi phdisang,docact6baa nhu mo h6a mQcto',d6ng thoi lam giam Iu'Qngauxin do anh sangkich thkh ho<;ltdQngenzymauxin-oxydase,d~ndSn gioi h<;lnkha nangtang rQngtS baa va tkh lily chfftdl! tri!oHo<;lttinh acid abscisictangcao khi phdi sangCll. Theo Takahashiva csv 1994)[157],n6ngdQacid abscisic caocansl!tangrQngtSbaa.C6 th~acidabscisicc6vai tratrongsl!h6a mQcto'cuaviy cb6i.Anbsangcothecanco vaitrotrongvi~ckichthich caech6itrenCll tangtru'dngthongquavi~clamgiamIu'QngauxinnQi sinh,d6ngthoi voi vi~cgia tangho<;lttinhgiberelin.TheoTamas1995 [159],ch6ibell sedu'Qckichthichtangtru'dngnSunhu'Iu'Qngauxind ch6i . ? ngQnglam. Trongquatrlnht<;lOCll,giberelincansl;ttu'QngClltrongkhi cytokinin va acid abscisickich thkh. Cytokinindu'QcbiSt Ia chfftc6 vai tra quail trQngtrongvi~ct<;lOClld cacIoai c6Cll(Chailakhyan1985,Ewing1995, MatthyssevaScott1984,Nakatanivacsv.1990,Wareing1984)[42],[61], [109],[125],[169].CytokininvaauxinkichthkhphanchiavatangrQngtS baa:Trongsl;tangtru'dngCll,Iu'Qngauxin,cytokininva acidabscisicd6u tang(Ewing 1995)[61].Trongsl;ttangtu'dngCllco o'ngdi~utu'dngtl;tcling duQcghi nh~n(hinh12).Ho<;lttinh acid abscisicc6 rfft thffp,k6 d6n Ia cytokinin.AcidabscisichIhi~ndi~nd Clltu6i0,tu6i6,tu6i7.Bay Iacac tu6ic6s11t<;lOCll.Bi6u nayphilhQpvoi ykiSnchor~ngacidabscisicIa tin ChLtCfng3: Ktt quavaBlnh lu(m Lu(manTS SinhhQc 137 hi~ukhdi dgu cho sl! t~ocu, Elm d6i hu'dngtangtru'dngtu tangd~lisang gia tangdu'dngkfnhcuaco quailt~ocu. No la mQty€u to'camling t~ocu (Chailakhyan1985,KodavaOkazawa1988,Nakataniva csv.1990,Smith va Palmer1970,Wareing1984)[42],[92],[125],[151],[169].Cytokinin hi~ndi~n.trongsuO'tquatrinhcutangtru'dng(hznh12).Tronggiaido~ndgu tangtru'dng(cu tu6i0, tu6il, tu6i2)ho~ttinhcytokinincaogiupphanchia va tangrQngt€ baa thS hi~nquavi~cgia tangkich thu'dccu. BiSu nay clingdu'<;cghi nh?ntrenkhoaitay,khoailang(Ewing 1995,Hahnva Hozyo1984,Obata-Sasamotova Suzuki1979, Smithva Palmer1970, Vince-PIlle 1985)[61],[75],[128],[151],[167].Ngoai vi~cgiupphanchia va tangrQngte'baa, vai trc>cua cytokinindu'<;cgiai thich qua vi~ckich thichho~tdQngtu'<;ngtgng,ho~thoa enzymt6ng h<;ptinh bQt,enzym khongthSthie'utrongco quailtichtnJ (Nakataniva csv.1990,Smithva Palmer1970)[125],[151].Auxin hi~ndi~ntrongsuO'tqua trlnhtang tru'dngCll (hznh12).d cacClltu6i0,1,2,ho~ttinhauxincaogiuptangrQng t€ baa,clingvdi cytokininkichthichthanhl?p tiSntu'<;ngt nggiupcu tang tru'dng(Aloni 1995,Esau 1967)[29],[60].Kich thu'dccu gia tangra'tit tu eutu6i4. Sl! giatangkichthu'octe'baad phgnphiadu'dicuaCll co lien h~ de'nho~ttinh clla auxin.Do sl! ticht\l khongdSu clla auxin,cac te'baa d vungphiadu'aico lu'<;ngauxincaobonga'p3 19ncacte'baad vlingphia trenquacoch€ di chuySnhu'angh~,da:kfchthichtangtru'dngvachvathu hutsucrosevS do.Sucrosesedu'<;cthuygiaibdi invertase(thShi~nqua lu'<;nginvertased cact€ baaphiadu'dicaoga'p419nboncacte'baadphia tren),lamgiatangapsua'tha'mtha'uvala nguyenli~udSt,;l0vachhaydS ~ tichtrfi'(Kaufman va csv 1995)[90]. ChU:Clng3: Ktt qua va Blnh lu9n Lu9nanT.SSinhhQc138 S1;1'tangrQngte'b~LOlien quailde'ns1;1'xe'pd~tellavi S<;1iva vi 6ngd vung nga(;1ivi te'baa ehfftg~nmangoS1;1'xe'pd~tnay nham giup v~n chuy~nnguyenli~uva enzymt6ngh<;1pvaehtu te'baa ehfftde'nmangte' baa(Salisburyva Ross1992,Taiz va Zeiger1991)[138],[156].Lu'<;1ng giberelineaokhongthichh<;1pehoquatrlnht(;10ell (Ewing1995,Takahashi va esv1994,Vinee-Prue1985).Bi6u n~yclingdu'<;1eghi nh~ntrens1;1'tang tntdngell co 6ng.Tli ell tu6i 3 hoc;tttlnhgiberelinbiit d~utangeao (hlnh 12)dfikichthichmophansinheh6ivamophansinhlongho(;1tdQng,eh6i tangtru'dngthanhthankhi sinh,ell it giatangdu'ongkinh.Themnua,d6i vdi caeeh6i khongt(;10ell ma tangtru'dngngaythanhthankhi sinh,ho(;1t tinhgiberelintangeaongaytud~u(hlnh13). Cll co 6ngd tu6i0, tu6i 6,tu6i7 co lu'<;1ngdu'ongt6ngsO'eao,lu'<;1ng ? tinhbQtthffp.d cae tu6i nay, hoc;ttdQngbie'ndu'ongmc;tnhDen rfft c~n lu'<;1ngdu'ongeao. Theo Chamay va Courduroux1986[46] khi khdi s1;1' thanhl~pell, lu'<;1ngduongdU<;1ev~nehuy~nv6 ell lam tangm(;1nhap sufft thffmthffuella caete'baa ndi tc;tOell. NuDedU<;1ehffpthuVaGtrongkhong bao(ndi duongrichtru),con d te'baa ehfft,sucrosedU<;1ethllY giai di VaG con"duongbie'nduong,hlnhthanheffutrueell.d caetu6ikhae,svtang tru'dngell ehll ye'udo richlily tinhbQttrangcaete'baa nhumo, lU<;1ng du'ongt6ngsO'valu<;1ngtinhbQttangd~n(hlnh7). Bi6u nayconth~hi~nquaeu'ongdQho hffpellaell (hlnh11).d ell tu6i0, tu6i 1,tu6i2, tu6i6, tu6i7, cu'ongdQho hffpeaobi~uhi~nhoc;tt dQngsinhly m(;1nhtrongte'baa,tc;tOnhi6uDanglu'<;1ngva sanphffmbie'n duongtrunggian.Clingd caetu6inay,mophansinhva ti6ntU<;1ngt~ng m(;1ehho(;1tdQnghlnhthanheffutruecu.Cu d caetu6i3,4,5 cocu'ongdQ ChuO'ng3: Klt quavaBlnhlutl-n Lutl-nanT.SSinhhQc 139 ho ha'ptha'p,lu'QngtinhbQtgiatang,r6 rangdu'ongbay gio du'Qct6nghQp thanhtinhbQtrichtn?trongcacte'baanhumo.TheoMai TrgnNgQcTie'ng va csv 1990c[22]cu co O'ngkhi t';10ch6i c6 ho';1tdQngbie'ndu'ongm';1nh th~hi~nquacu'ongdQho ha'pcaova quaho';1tdQngcua cac enzymthuy giai.Cha'td6ngh6atu la di chuy~nxuO'ngcdquailrichtn?( trongd6 co' cu)du'Qchialamhaiphgn:mQtphgnnhosadl;lngchoho ha'p(chie'm20- 25%)va chId giaido';1ndgu cuaquatrlnhtangtru'dng,phgncanl';1idung d~richtn? (Ho 1988)[80].Cacho';1tdQngbie'ndu'ongtrongte'baad~ucgn de'nenzymd~tht;tchi~nphanling.TheoDavies1995,Salisburyva Ross I 1992,Taiz vaZeiger1991[55],[138],[156],caccha'tdi~uhoasinhtru'dng thI;1'cv~tdi~uhoa sinht6nghQpenzymd ta'tca cac bu'oc.Nhu'v~y,cac enzymlien h~trongquatrlnhtangtru'dngcu co O'ngda du'Qcdi~uhoabdi cha'tdi~uhoasinhtru'dngtht;tcv~t.Hi~nnay,cacenzymdocha'tdi~uhoa sinhtru'dngtht;tcv~tdi~uhoa dangdu'Qckhampha ngaymQtnhi~u (Brennerva Cheikh1995,Davies1995,Kaufmanva csv1995,Salisbury vaRoss1992,TaizvaZeiger1991)[41],[55],[90],[138],[156]. Cacke'tquatrenchotha'ycha'tdi~uhoasinhtru'dngtht;tcv~tc6lien quailm~thie'tde'ncacho';1tdQngbie'ndu'ongcdth~tht;tcv~t.Cu'ongdQho ha'pcaotu'dnglingvoiho';1ttinhcuaauxin,cytokininva acidabscisicao, luQngdu'ongt6ngsO'caocungvoiho';1tdQngcuacacmophansinhvati~n tu9ngdug m';1chgiupcugiatangkichthu'oc.Cu'ongdQho ha'pgiamling vdiho';1ttinhauxin,cytokininva acidabscisictha'p,kich thu'occu tang ch~m,tinhbQtdu'Qcrichtru. ~ Vai tro cua cha'tdi~uhoa sinhtru'dngtht;tcv~ttren sI;1't ;10Cll can ~ duQcghi nh~nquast;t';10cu co 6ngva cu khoairaytrong<3ngnghi~m Chuang3:Kit quavaBlnhlu(m Lu4nanT.SSinhhQc 140 (bang27,bang28).Tren co 6ng,NAA liganeh~nhoantoaDslf t9.0ell trongmaitntdngcoehliad~ydll khoangdalu'<;1ngvachikichthicht9.0ell r1t it trongmai tru'dngco khoangda lu'<;1nggiam mQtmia.Giberelinkleh thichma phansinhlong ho9.tdQng,giup longkeo dai ma khangtang tru'dngtheoehi~urQngdtithanhell.Kbi apdlfngBA d n5ngdQ20mg/lslf t9.0ell xayra nhanh,ell tangtru'dngt6t,thtihi~nquaho9.tdQngellacae ti~ntu'<;1ngdug m9.eh(anh15).ABA chi lamphil dayg6ethan,saudo thantie'ptlfekeo dai ehokhanglam tangtru'dngell nhu'BA, hayBA ph6i h<;1pvai NAA va ABA (bang28). Kbi ph6i h<;1pea ba eh1tdi~uhoa sinh tru'dngthlfev~t:(NAA +BA +ABA), tll~ t9.0ellgiatangr6r~t.£)i~unay philh<;1pvaiquailditimellaDavies1995,Hopkins1995,SalisburyvaRoss 1992,Taiz va Zeiger 1991[55], [83], [138], [156],cae bu'aephat tritin trongco thtithlfev~tla ke'tquaellahanglo9.tphanling bie'ndu'ong.Ho9.t dQngbie'ndu'ongehiuslfchiph6iellacaeeh1tdi~uhoasinhtru'dngthlfe v~txayrad5ngthditrongquatrlnhdo. Nhu'v~y,trongquatrlnht9.0ellco 6ngdu'aitaedQngelladi~uki~n maitru'dng,eh1tearnlingt9.0ell clingvai eh1tdi~uhoasinhtru'dngthlfe v~tdffdi~uhoacaeho9.tdQngbie'ndu'ong iupcohoant1tquatrlnhnay. TrongdocoIe acidabscisevaeh1tearnlingt9.0ellcoanhhu'dngleuho9.t dQngellasinhmalong,giuph1pthueh1tdinhdu'onglamgiatangapsu1t thffmth1u,tudolamd6ihu'angtangtru'dngellacoquailt9.oell.Cytokinin vaauxinkichthichphanehiavatangrQngte'baagiupelltangtru'dng. 3.2.5Ki~mso~itsll tangtru'dngco6ng Cll co6ngdffgapph~nvaovi~eduytrl vabanhtru'angloaiconay trongthiennhien.Cll la coquails6ngti~msinhkhig~pmaitru'dngb1tl<;1i.