Luận văn Hiệu quả kinh tế của hoạt động xuất nhập khẩu

- .1 b'-) BAN )1f}. DAUo.--..--..........-- vAN JJ& HlJiU QuI KINH 111 C"OAHOAT JjJNG xUA! tffiAP KRAwrJ VIET NAM.. .' . 1 " ...,. ,.t ,., ~ron.i toanbq cac hOtt dqng klnh te dol ngoa1... " ... ,., ~ h1ennay .J Nioll! thtldng 1& !ilqt trollg nhiJng nhan to co., "T A ,., , vi trJ. het s\tc quyet d!nh: trong nen kinh te l11lde ta, vi kho:ng tren d\l~ 50% thu nhill qW;c daD cO' th«: s~- 'l I s;;;. ",Idunghang n~ d\lde~c hi en , thong Qua con dU~lg xua~.... ... ~~ - - , . ~ , . nhAP khau. fieu khon« co s\l ho trd d~c l\lc CUa ngoa1-T. ""'" ',."., ' ." ~ . thllcf:nS,nhieu ng8nb k1nh te quoe dan kho co the tlt '\_-"-- ~ "'" "" -t' . mJ.nn can clot de tOn ttl va phat trieD. { 1 ,., , , f ,Ch nh 'iT the Bao Cao chJ.nh tr1 ,cua BCH Trung- t ,. ""'-1-,. -, ',., tfdng ~g ti1 D,,1 hq1 toan" quo~ Ian ~l\t VI da.~nhan mtfih :' "~hltm vv. o~ d~ va phat trl~ k1ru; ta t;:ong chiDg d\ldng ~aut~en;un,!nhltat!ngh~9:P£ha: tri~ khoa b.qc- ky 1;hUft va coni ngh1,p boa xa hol ehu -I . , ,""'" ' , ngh a e~an;!dc ~ tie~ hanh nha~h ha! ehF, d1eu"do phu .thUOQmot phanquan trong vao v1eemdrongva' . "" A ',., . . Dang cao hl,u qua klnh te cloi ng°'ll." "'" A , , " Muonkot hrln sllc manhQua den tqc vO'l sue manh", , 1'.t' " " . c~ th~ d~j,n~ac-ta phai ~am!ia ~'lphancon~la~- d'lngquae te, mCfrqng quaIlh, phan coni, hQ'p tac vdi"" ' ~" '" Lien ~, Laov~C~puchia, dong...thdi...tr~h ti;u rr.dmax;g quaDhe klnh te Va khoa h9c - ky thuq.t vdi cae mlc'~.J . , , , ,.., .~ , ~egid1 t;!:\lb!), :ao nud: con~ngh1,tpph~t tri~, c~c- to ch.1equoc to va tu nhannuden~oai tren nguyen t~e'\ -- L t " , bJ.IUl dlnlg, cung co lct1. " . 1-,. , " " , ...l Trong.. 0(1;gO_~tI1-..; dau Quathdi ky qua dq tien' leD ch~n1!hiaxi ho!,' thong quaho~t ciVng x~ t nhip-t " ;t \... . "~,,..t .,.I .... khau ma van de than chat la day manhxuat khsu, cong, A ;.t , ... -,I tac kinh te dp1 ngu~l co va1 tro rat quan trqng trong,t . A ,., ,.t,. v1ec xay d\tng l\1e llidng san xuat, cJ cau k1nh te' l1tdi)AI... "'8 ,. ~ ~ _I,~ the can dol mdi. cho nen kinhte, Dang cao n/nlg suatlsv" -'" , , , -t dong xa hql. Trong cong tae ngo!'d thttdng,pha1 glnl xuat'...1 , I' ..I. ~, A k~Uvdi ~,p ~u, ~~k;nh~etrong-nudevdl 1:1~ ta va till trltdng 1;heg1d1, gIDl DOUgnghl~p, coag nghiep '\ A " ,., ,.t ".1- va xuat nhtP !thau thanh mot cd cau kinh to ngay tl1 <tau,A , -t . A t'l-° ra the phat tr1.en cho nen k1nh tee - 2. - , ... ,., "l , , ,. - ( Trddc day khong giong caC nudc khac a Chau A, ~ - - ... - "l tr~ng nh.!i8Un~Vl,t N~ da thee duol m~t. chla~ 1tlct~ ~ttr~\ldngAvao ~en~ d'C- tr~g bai vi~c '\ h\lo'ng cae ho~t dqng nong coni ngh1epvao thi trudng, , -' ".l I' ". - trong nddc. Dang10 pha1 khuyen kh1ch caC X1 nghiep .A ... " 1 ,,' ,/ I' , .xuat khau~ th Nha,nddc,.,lti quan 1y cac gia~ d!ch ngo~ thlidng thong qua cac hi!p d~nbthudngmti val Ch1nhph, " ,., A"'" { ,J" n\ldc ngos1. Ho thong can tblep hanh 01'1nb true tlep nB," 1- l A'.' , . ,cia lam aha t nb h nh yeu k&m, tra1 ngllde vdl all phat", A"" ,- , . - l trieD nhanh chong Dba xuat khau cua cac nude Ch~u A, ,.", 88 " , - A" ...,khac. Tuy OOien, tit 19 Nhanltdc da t1en hanh viae ndj, A ,. -, ,.,.1, '" long klem soat mqt each cd ban doi vdi ll~o~i th\1d1ygvc, r - -' \.0. " ,.I, CI\C XJ. ngblep da eo nhleu ttl do hdn va dLk'c khuyenkcuclJ- r ,. , " .A." -, . --- - buon ban v6'1m.io'cngosi- Viae nay da ca1 thien wanh me 1 ~--'L.. .A"'. . .t nh h1I1ll xuat khaU. - " .".A , '_..1 ,., d~u qua CUBchion 1U~ctrude Jai ~lian eho Viet :r.amthamgin i~t {t V8.0 hi than&,thl1ch!~mai th'e gid1.A "",.l 'h"'" -. .... Xuat khau- thap~'c ~au~ m~tiem...n~! dangk,!do" chi ph! lao dqng thap va giau ta1 nguyen nong nghiap va, . 88 ,., """ , . 11 -khoang san. Trong n~ 19 ,xuat khau hang boa cua Viet Nam7ch! ~ltdng~ltdIl~-va! 709 tr19u us Jo 1a !tit 1100. ~~ ~ggladeSk(I~'9 ty OSD) hay ~t1 ~ (l,~~ tyUSDj(l). 1 '\ ,., " , ,,- ~ AT nh h1nh xuat 1dlauyeu kemnay da d~a den kat qua la ty 1, X\~t kh~udaUng\tdichI-dat 11 USDvao nr:un 8 ,.. , .,4 .J T .A" ,198 - mqt trons nhUngmtfctbap nhat tl'ong so cae nude- , ~~ " . - A """ChauA. ('¥Vso sanh, ty 1flxuat khan 0\18Trung Quae la 1+3U6DIlau nguc'1). . A-. A" A" 1 Theo SO 11,u cua Nganhang The g1at, Ch1 10%. AI". - ,t , san xuat trong nlldc QuaViet l'hunf!1Jdcxuat kha'L1,so vdi 13% QUa TrungQ~c, 2.9'f,till Th:l ~, lt5%t~l Nam'l'ri'euf'!I'" " 6t.4( "r",..l.len Va ~.'..,.~ MalalX1a. Veil m\tc t2IDgtrtidng ha-Hg J!W1"" , I" "1Ji "" On.' tva gia trlv a 3,5~ trong that ky I977-19~~, xuat- ..4 -. , I' A.A - 1. .. " khau Yiflt l~amco muethav nhat t~l Chau . Iron, CW1~ th'Ctlky, hans nt!mxU"&t khi:u tl:1ng8;t tal An ~, Iu:' tft1 rlBng~lade~~I71'~,1 Trung Q~c) ~5,bti1 j:l:~i La~va 19~ ttl Na.mTrieu ~~len-Tinh hinh ..atkhau Qua Viet !~am t\tdngt\l vd! tlnh hlnh t~1 e~cnttda~ng Au kh~~: trong" , . 88 " A ~ . !thdi ky 1977-19 , hang n~ xuat khau Qua Ba Lan cf1 t~g 2%, va 1i~ar1 6% (2). --------- (l) Glao dlch ngoRi thumlg giQa VN v~ khu v~c khong A ' T ...& \.0.', chu.fen dol (XliCU)-d\.idc the bien o'kngdong Rup CN. ~ "..:t. " Nhu:ugglao dlch nay dude chuyon sang UB$ thee ty giar ,.,..,,' -',. chao glua dong RCN va US dola 1n 2,25 HCN= 1 US~ v~o nb'mI~88J.~ clh +;w..r'l r~ ~ iMF ,t- ~ {'t8;\J. (2) Ngnnh~ngThe g1d1 (World Bank) : B~Ge~ov'e Vi~t- Nam.Washington) 1990, trang13 (£'.>.6'\+&;~l?) J ~ ..." . li~ 1976 klm ngteh xuat khau md1datkhoang2a>.-."... " - .~ ( ."' ) ( ." 9 trieu rup chuY.ennlu,fdngvad:ola k-l~ Ui;)D st.1c 1llW1 cua~'" ;.t . ~ dong rup chuye.nnh\f.o'ngtron€; Hol dOi!6 tlldug trd kinh~ "...' . " " te (BDTTKT) co the co! tlidng dttdng1 USD). Thai kyOn. ' ~...,.-. 81976-19Q1mltc t~g xuat khau con chp- blltm19 I kim- ngtch ~ tkhi:u dit 400 tl'ieu, uY'm 1985 ds.t g~n ',700"" ~ ' '\ " trl,u rup va usn, toe dC]tang b~nhquan 1 n~ trollS" " " " 5 ~ 8 . .... ~thCfi ky nay la I ,6". 1i~ 19 6 dtt kboang8a> tritu, : nlml1989dtt 1.8a>trleu v~1950dll kl~n d~t2.100trieu r~p va usn, t~c do t~g blnh quanhangnnL:ltrong thd1. ky nay la a),616.(4). A ~ A \, "'- Illt! v~y too. do :r.ust khau ta"ng nhanhdan, rien'g"T J8 ~ ~ ." ..." n~ 1989 co stt thay: dol cel che quan 1y klnh te not" -..,.;t ..I , .-.,.. .-. chung va eel cha xuat nhAP lthau not rleng nen tlU1g dCltA" .. oJ. - .-. bien t so vat nb'm1988 t)1ng75,2",- Tuy J:1hlen, quy'mo ~ ..4 " A ., '\ , A ~ .... xuat khau con rat nho be (b1.nhquaDrouexuat khau mot~" , " ~"A. dau nguO'1n~ 1989mdi 1a ~8USD). Cd aau hang xuat-" "" "" 9 khau con ngheo nan,Chua co mlt hang chu luc m~nh,n~g I ~" t " t . t ;J" rr.l/ -,p A - i.fr::t: \Ie hang n2ng san va !ia1 s~n (:,hiem g8!! :JVf8.;,~so 11t1u"t;o,","J ktI989)J Ghat~u'1I1g~ap, mau~a ddn d1~Uthoor;1tiqn( , . . kt~oa.poc - Coni: ngp,§ ~ap, stl.c cQ,nhtrallh kem (ghi ~o khe&ng 30 % D,anK.e.1Dan,.ehlnr; 1:u~n- h11hang :bheu, bane IlSJ sin, hang8&.yt~e la, th~ ail .an,van Tan): T\Q" nhientie. nq xu«t kha,\ceIl naieu~SUe4ft plla con l.n- K1mngv.chl~p kh'ilu'lu$n loon ,din ban xui'1;- .. 6- 8 ..I -.-I . khau. Trong 10 n!m1197 19, tong kim ngtch nhllP khau . l~ 13.Enotrle\4, n~ J968 J.8 ~-totrieu va nmn 1989 ! la 2.~ trle~rup c:huy~nnhu<jngvl USD- Quanhety 1e: .-. ,,' " " " . " t~. xuat nh.fPthdl ky dau 1a 1:3, saU do la 112, gl£imxuong 1:1,3 VQOn~ 1989. Chenhlech xu~tnhapkh~u dR gitk"., A""" .' ,- ..a dannh\fngth\lc te '{ancon nhap sieu dangka. 11:rongcd .lit ~', , ,..- Qn.:l" - t A caunh'i khRUchlro thliC, gomUJIflIn ttt lieu sanxuat. Nh\tngco nhl'eu con:. trlnh th1at hi to~.!1Xj'quy molan," - - - " ...~ -. .... d~avao~hot~dqnj ~, h19uquathap, nh~pkhauc.h\ta .am nh~euvdj. xuat khau-. . .'. '. ~ t " f ',"'" . ,. . {';.f,.;'.r-'~""-~.";".'..'.;ft"~"'."',-,.,.,' , , .. 1;~iC?~ip ~.~+et'b. 't.~~~i 40 ~y d\IASci- Dan <c.i.ps(~'Pi"~,ca~~8.;I!a;..th~~.~~1'.~.SO~,'.D~t'Tr~'A.D,Dhiit u.,n- ~1iJ;p.,', Xi.,_. Bra a_xi.,ileins ~~h, r;1ayBi1 Bins Tan"Sn)(~~nlan.'la" thongtue..",Sn'tAn 4~ 4ail1p o:a . caed1\tk.;~ia:hfl(;hU"n~!a,..it. palln cnii ca~t&c1atlc tuOC t[~i~f1;:;~~~~L$',lfl"'yijn tr.' 80]1f;pkU.na;'T~ «a phl1tfnc: ih.'Li \~h". .1&u~~I~~~~"~a"c~d:'nl1ic 'ilDTTIT tin@;t11kho!nl 500tr1" USD:nla 19751en 1 ty USDnlD 1980, adD 1,5 t1 USDVaGcae nb 1987; 1988, .au 4& ht xuongcon 619,8 tr1t' vao'n~.1989v1406t2 tr1iu T~On~. 1990 (2): (1) ~.u: Econolqant frate of Vietnaa (Iina~ - --~ , A ) , A . te. 1'a Mouqe'k\ V1tt Na. . lIa Ift1, 1991.Bang1. (2) ~..J6i: So 1iiu ThongkGORnONYio'tIfaJIt ., Ct'7t:., oar:-- ~..., A - ~ - . . -.~8""-7",7V.--1aB. Tl1ong Ket is N{1i, 1991. Bane 89,tr.l04 I I \ ! , "~f' " ~ '1'al trd lJl1ut trlerA cluBh tr.uc (OUA) tu cae to, , l , ~, ., ~ '"' ehu~ Lien riiep Quo~, cae to elille phi (.;h1n11~hu ( i~\JO) va tal trd e~a e~e midc th~uiJ viall tI.cng fly ban vian-, - A t ,.,A" "" ~. trd phat trian cua !o c11\1chqp tae va phat t.:cien It.inh,8- " ..1 ,.. - te (cuc to clute" iun tl'cJ O~CJ)/l)A<':) qU~,I? 1l&u ( 1l;'/6 -., , . ,- I9SO ) In lshoang 'J d ty VJD.{A). .,.. ,..,JI ~ "" 1Viae thu h\lt von dan tll nude ngoai dudi cae h nh , \-.' ,t ~. . "" , thlte daU ttt true t:i.ap theo. Lua t dau t\1 mdi the t s.\1 oat~, ',.. , ~, ,', . dau tl1 niW I988 (tren eo' sa LuC}tdall tll nijdc ngoai tal Vlit 1-4amban hanh tb6nj I~/1ge7). t:~n (,;u~i XAt..iutl~W - Cldnhph~.. dBc'~pgiay phepe110g~n4.>0JLi ~udautli, ,"' , A .-I A t , nude ngoa.1.tit Vi9t Nam, vdl tong so von phap dinh la~ -.' ,.,,8', gaD I.ltoC tri6u usn, tror.g do hdn OO~In VOll ngoai, ..L, 1 -" I ,.nlldc- 'fuy nhien qua tr 111.1.thuc bien cae du an co LlOt,t , ., - , -.,JI .,- so nhudc diem z khoang I51~du Qn xlnrut giay phap,Ii!. -, , A ~ , ,', III ' - ~3;,m(hi an co van de phai xu ly, lOp dtt an nhan thiethi... -- '-, .-I '" , "- " '., -- da cu- Dieu 40 cho thay can eo uhleu kha nang rod JioIlg- ,.A '- "" ~ 1 -viec thu hut von dau t~ nlldc ngoal dudi nh1eu h nh -to, ... ~ ..t.~ '- " th\.tc khac nhau nh\ing cung d~t ra nh1eu van de ean xttly. ~ "I! '- '- t ,.A \... .... r.i.h\1VG cd caU dan tit, va qUttn :!.yvan. Vu lUrt chon Cl)n~,.. 1 ",I .-. "I/~., , ,..' - nghe, ve h~ thong the eha, va \)aodam cae thu tuc l;'1p,. ~ , '- (1) 8'" du an..va cae dlch vu Phue vu dau tli.v-v... . ~ ...' .... Caeh°'lt dqng kh~c nh\1 Du I tCh..l ... ..t ~ - .,~uoc td, ALIat .h:haulao don~, tul ell nh..t , t' ~..t" r ta mdi d b\1dc ban dau, kat qua eon 1t, C80. ..t .,JI6 , Quoe ta, v~n t~i - tIn d1.mgQuoct . h1~u qua chuB ,...a...c - A A -- t \ 1Co th~ ths.y mot so nguyennhan cua tJ.nh h nh" ;I "". t" phat trieD kinh te doi ngoai d nude ta trong 15n~qua"" ,,)1 ..t,... .... 1a do chungta chtlaco chien Ittda k1nh te - :x.ahol ,,,~ .J' , A." { -, phat trieD kinh te con thee 10i khap k n, chliahuang" "'" "'" ,.,JI...a,t manhvaa xuat khau; dau tu' cho hang XUat khau thap; cd8,8 ., . - " " che quan ly ngot1 thltdng saUmot thai glan dai theo... ... -..t,... kieu tr;JI trung quaD lieu baa cap; tlt kh1 ehuyen sanged..t , SIIC \ 1 "" iche mo>1van chlla dinh h~nht khl.th go bo, kbi th, 8 ~ ,..t ."'" , buong 101l£!.Chuaq'U&Iltam day du den nghien cl1u till- '" :::tr,l "" { , -,trudng quoc tee Vlee "lay r.i.d thieu t nh toRn, khon~ co, " ,. - ", ~ t at! ral!g tuqc tl'.3eh nh1~rncu~ nguO'i va~' ~~ :!\l:),ju J\lng- - (1) OD!: Official DeTe1~p.entAi4.- NGO: Hon-Governaental- . Orlanisation.- OECD:Organisation for Economic Cooper~1 -tion and Dcv'elop..ent.- DAC: Develop.ent Aid. Co..ittee , , A., ... ... ~ Xe. ChrhfngtI'~nh Phat trieD cua Liel! hi9~ quoc,~: Baaeaova nen.K1nhte Yi~t Na.:Ha NQi, ~yBan~e, - - - ho~chNhanu,i4, thang 12-1990. Tr.278. .(2) Le Xuan Trin}t (chU bien): Kinh te":xa h9i Vlit NaJanla 2000: Ha Ntl, fty Ban Kg Ho~chNh~Nu_c, 1990: Tr~ 220~ A , . .-' 1 , , - ..... von kem hleu qua, nh1eu khuan nd Vay qU& h~n, khon6tra . " - . .,.l t nef dude kip thdi non khon'-! uudc tiep' tuc vay. Viae quaDt . t..., t , ;:t . , ~' 4.. I! ng01t t, va. qua~ 1Y.,gla.y phep ,xua t nh~p kh~u lo!}g- leo, han~ ngo t l tran. 'vetO~ aa}' kbokh8:n clio 9811 xu&t '" 1 . ",.l \... ,.l, trong nlideo 'r nh hlnn b1 bao vay va co.!!!v~n va k1nh te keD, \... ';0.' ,. ......... dai nhieu nHIU lQ raot trd ng~i Idn cbo viae md rang" . -. .~,. II 0, 0,. llgolJi thl1dnl~Vf-\ quaIl 118kinh to vdi cac nude. Nhnn,.. , t II' ., ve cae 111chvu th'J. ngo~i te chtb. dunf~I!1ltC) ChUB co,. a \.t ," 4',. t " sac.l-}c\1 the dong 1JQVa to ehltc' du mqnh. , , 4 , . A \... Songm,t Ir..hae,c~g COt th,? ly "gisl va~ d:~hoXt dong ngo~l thUdng d~t thanh qua con cach xa so vdi yeti~ ,. ", t eau trong thdi gl~~ qua dudi giae do hleu qua ngo~i-"" ,,"".I...k ~ thudng, va not chung 1a hi~u qua kiph te doi ngo~io .~ ~7:f: ,. thue ch[nh ,t ~ \... , .... Kinh te dol ngoAi bao gom cae m~t hoat dong",.-1 T "" ~A 0 0 kinh doanhva cae mol quanhe kinh te dol ngoal gl~a'- "" , .Ill, ",. nude ta vdi cae nude tren the g1dl, eho Den no can co,.. , \ , ,. nhleu 11nhvue vo'! nhieu not dungkhae nhaunhu hc;tptac, ~ -, .-'" , ...- kinh ta, hqp tae khoa hoc ky thuat, hgp tae.chuyen gin, ".,... ... 0, ! . !. 0 ~,tva xuat khau lao dnng, tal eh nh, t n dung Quae te, du~ ~ '" ,. A. ~ 11ch quae te va eac dieh vu ~lU ngoRl te khae 000- . -" ., ~ . Nh~~glInh vue ngoai thudng va hgp tae dau tv CUd, , AO ~ '".t".-I ngoai co the cot la nbUngwit chu yeu cua kinh te ng3~1trong tlnh hlnh hiin nayva e~trong nhUng tiep theo. NhUngkat aua v'e doanhs~XNK, v'e lilu tlt va, ,.;# ,...".-1 cae auanhe k1nh te thudng rot1 va! nude ngoai do tat-t" " , , ca cae nganh, ca<:dia phuong th\1c hien trong cae n~ I " ,,0.. A t. 0 ....qua ch nh 18 aU "tang gap de kh~~ dinh su they dol cd", ..4 'W- , ~ 0, " \... caU kinh to cs. nllde thee quaD diem nld cua, dlta nenklnb,# , ", i ..i te nude ta tl}1lillgla vue sli pl1an cong lac dong (}ooe tee. . , nude .-I dol n~ Bh~g k~t qua d~t dude not traIl khOnK chI dUng t!"!f , ,( '", "...,1 1::'11d nhung c111t1eu so ludng, IDQtren mot untcd« nhatT " t" ., '-.: dlnh, no COD,IJhal1£\nhnbung gia trl thlic tieD quan.., " ... 0, ... , trqng rut ra nhUngbat hqc kinh nghif}m thanh cong va" ... ~ ..., , , " .... ~h\.id thanh cons,nhu:ngvlec law co hiau qua va khong, t . .,,' ,," '" \... co hieu qua trong khl chung ta phsi tlnh toaD ~\ing~ong" 0 " ~ , t .-I do1R c1"..onllung nhu CE~Ucap tach CUa nen kinh to. ;;:' ~ ~ I" ';I( ... .-I , 'J:it th}/e 1;~enholi t,td~mgkl;2h te dol ngo~i sau casn~ th~han~~gBt :i~Y03~lJfti h~i VI th~o nh~g qu~n d1fJmdoi wdi»ilUOt van de l::in dllde m'ii ngudi nhan thLte""'" ,. ... , O,t,t . , ra 1a non xa<.:(~tnhhicl<. qU£ikinh te doi ngoai trong do c~ ngo£li thlidng nhu ttt~ n1to tronf! thltc trEtn~tlnh hlnh..., - , .,. "'" ~ .-I kinh to nude tB bien nuy ? Cln co tl'en cd ~d thongnhatA '"- , 10, , A ..idllle van dEldu th rodi tlt° ra dude nhUng cd sd de nhat,.. a, 0 ,.t,tr va nh\.hwquundicm t\i ttfang.chI dao dol vd! boat-;; , " ... '" " dong kinh te do! ngof.11V(l boat dong ngo~l thu . dug, tLt. ,.ij , .. 1 ' .....do tJ:lOra dude S1.!nhatouan va ch dADhanh dong bao,." T t ... 0 '-" -'" , . ~ . ! ,. "gemca visc cu tho hoa va dlldngloi, ch nh sach va cd,t t ',..:t '" #)If . ... che quan ly dol old! tung 11nh vile CUa boat dong.. .... i ~ - ,., , h' ,.I ~ ..AI , 1\h1 ,Kenl xot danh gin h1au qua hiuh to ...ngo\t"~"", , "'&" """ a ... Q pba1 d\.tng tren qU(;ll1diem to an dieD, quan diem lich SUeI_' )..:; , 'h ," 1 ",," '"rio'1le , xet thuan tuy va m~tkhai Diem th 'hieu qua tlie" , "'h" ,., " , la nh\1ng1di 1.chI;hududeeho non kinh te trong nudc - ,, ~ r '... " { "...xet tren tam v JUI:»,hoau 1<11 ell thu dLide che ttlng nganl1," " "" ,.I" , ... 'h .. I t~g dJa pl;u~g, t~g dd1~v~ klnh ~e -~et t;en tam ~1." , mo" Dleudo. cung c:o nghia la xeru xet hleu qua kinh . te CAlIA..- ~ L A ~I"" ", ,' {~d~"nfjOEJ:"c~ 'tuc 18 X~UIx~t mtfc...dq tac' ~qni t c11cl}c cua no VIlO viae th\le hieD cae nhlem vu,'cae rouetleu,;t ".,I("Il, -- .. of ,,' ,.I cua ke hoach klnh te quac'dan trong tung theli glan,doi,," ""'~ ,.I 'h vdi ttlng lInh vue cu the nhuhleu quava klnh te, va, 'h .=. -" A. ~""'" ,..& ch~nhtr1, ve,xa l}ql. Ba mf\ hi~;: qu~dO,la mq: the- thon~at, g~l belh\1u cd. Tuyyeu cali tUng thdi glaD't -,,-.1"'" 'h, "'- ,.......cua , -..'" maleu e~unay h~y leu ea~kha~ not l!n, nhttngnoi chunghiAu qua klnh t6 la cd ban, In muetiau,, , ,.. A-" 18 thlidedo eho mol bait dong san xuat kinh deanh n01 Ch\U1S, ~ ~ n_~_~.r~~eng.1J~_~'Aj~ rf.~ "..t" ,', ~ " ;'---:-!J'.hat la trOD!,th~ dfii ngay nay.1 XU..lthe..lhoadtU, dol tho~ay eho do! dau trong qUaDh~ quae te" ..,. , A",..",.I,., Quanht h~ tao k1nh te bil huon ban quae te'" , /1' 'l.. ngay caDi dtt~ophat trieD glt1a oae mldc nhame~nhtranh" 11 ". 'l..h , - va md rqng thl truong bang Quoe each ro~ngkhan hoc kyA "" " A" A th~t tren the gidi va s11phan cong lao dong quae te"" "" " , A 11. " .- ngay eang dien ra s01 dqng, phat trieD ea chieu rang" 'h - ,~ "'" l1li .. ' 1 "va ehieu saU vao ne:>.kinh ta mo1 DuCic th viae kh~g-,.. "'... ",..' ,. ,I: dlnh yeu CaUDang cao khong ngung hleu qua kinh ta - " A~~ , tron2 heat dqngVa quanhe k1nh te doi ngoai g1~anude.., J r. ... 4"" ".,.,. "-, ta vdi CaC nudc tren the g1a1 1a met muc tlGU vua cd I, """ , '1 .. ban, vila cap bach" , """" , 11 , Cae cd sd 1y luau danh gla hieu Qua cua hoit-',I( """ ,.L.. ;I , A dqngxuat nhapkhau trong nen ki:nh te quac dan co the 1 ' ,- , ~nhn d~O1cae11aodq : .'" 111 ,.t - ..a A" 1) ~~u g~ c~ xUat nh~p~{,ha}ldol vdl kinh..lQ.. "'- nen t ;t..f" ~ \-. ...l Hleu qua k1nh te ~ol vdi to~n Den k1nh te :.L -" "" ~ """"'" ,: , xuat nhnp khau cung cap nguyen vat lieu, thiet bi,hang' ... ,° 'h ...l ;I,..,~., " tieu dung can thlet cho dat nudeJ (tong thd1 tanh thanh , A ~ "" I A .!OS ""hay phat trieD nhung nganh san xuat, nhung m~t hang IDa" , A , ,~ '" 1 ",..& A chungta co the cung ung cho the gidi de traG dol lay- .... ngotl t~. , -..i... ..., Ngoal ra, thong qua nhap kheu cong nghe wdl,, ,...a".. ,'" ".. 1 . ",.. .... ch~g ta co t~e r-Etn;~ ~oang ca~hva tr nh d9 cong- nght}, trong luc can co thdi gian d{ l1.ic lLidng kiloa hoc ... t ,...I, ""'" _t.~ " ky thu~~~.CUBdatnudevtJdrf1anng&n~~tamQua~.. "P<II 1. , 1 IlI- >- ,- " '(1) Paul A. Samuel~,Qnva ~illiam~DL.N9rdhaus:Kinh ta hQc (Ban d~ch) Xugt 9!n la~~ th~ 12: Ha NQi, Vi~n Quan hi Quoc tS, 1989,tr~5sa-630: . ' - "'" .... Hi!u qua kil'ih te CUB boa t dqng xua t nh~p kllBU, ~ l", "',' con dlide the hifln ra dot vdi gidl doanh nhan: '1\1 cdA A A .. eh~ quaIl lieu bao, oaf chu~en,san~bait d9~g th! trllgng, gid"; doa~h ~han l~ d9i..,ngu 111a~if1t Namh~~n d~ng 1'at thieu, sa co cel 11«i ti~p thu tLl trollg thLto tieD kinh -,t! ..l "'.1.- ... , . , ,~ A doanh quoc te nhtrug kinh nghiam to chuc san xilatt to-, . "r ' .l t ":" ch!;!c qUaIl ly... tiEl] thl d'it hl~u qua ~ao ~hat- v~ v~ chat ILtdng tot nhat. Nhl1ng kinh nghi'ln! nay sa 1a nguon, ,. ,.. , , - ... ,. dong gop to Ion cua £i0'1 doanh nhan vao coni cuoo phat "- """" 'J . trieD k1nh te dat nude. ... t ,.# A ,. ".- , Hl9U qua kinh ta dol vell Cae Gong ~y V~ntal,,. """""'" , cae d:1,nhahe tal chal1hva cae nganh klnh doanh khac.. ' ..l ... ... ,." , tham gia ~ao ho~t d,?~g.x~at :.lh~J;k~au cae,bang ~oa, " dich vu cung dude tho bi€tll ro net d all phat trieD vat . ... " . ,. ,,'... -., lan m~nhkhong nt?;\tngCUa chung. 1\1 cae Coni 'J.'y-Van tal nol dla sa hlnh th~h nhung Cong ty V~n t~1 dU~l~bi:~" ... I .." ,.# ' { - t,dl1dngkhong. fl1 c;~aCdinh ahe tal ,eh nh ddu glaD dung... -"" ~ 1 ' .. ,. ...cho nol dla, se dan danh n11thanhva phat trieD nh\1ng.""" , , " - ,... dlnh che tal ch1rili phuc t~p va hUu hieu; nhu cae ~gan-~ .4 A , .'~" hang xuat nhap khaut cae Gong ty bao hi em, cau tl1i-" " ", . trudng ngoil t~, th:1, trudng chUng khoan "v.v... " , ... .~ - A'" "" Sau cung 18 hlau qua va phan bo von dau tV. Basi.4 ... ~,. .. ,.,' dqng xuat nh~pkhan gnn thi tr\lb'ng trong nudc vdl thi-, ", , " " ... ... :.i tr\ldng nUde ngoai, qUa do h~nh thanh vlee phan bo von d'au tu m9t e~ch heJp 1Y vaGnh\1ngnganh~1dat nude; c~...I ."""'..l "'" Id1 the trong su phat tr1an" "citdot cd cau kinh te CURA , - '". 1,1 mqt nude sa dlicjc grID vdi at! phan eong lao d9ng quoe ts; trong khu vlie.. ... """ , ,. .. 2) ~i,u j~a dol vq1 cae ng?nh , 6', ttt th!...S.fPfltranh vdi hang <lit .... xuat ~pau. -, ..l ... ~ #'0 . Khongco hoat dongxuat~l~~khau, nen cong- ngh1ip noi diG! t nhi'eutwangt!nh c&chdoc.quy"en,doJo":j... 'to.. tA ~, khong t~o thanh dqng Ide dati t\i trang thiat bi mc.t1,cai ....t tile - ,. " , A I',',..... tieD mauma, c~t g1amchi pIn de hi gia thanh va ri2ng,., ,... { " 4; c&O chat 11ldng. Day la s\1 ICing ph tal nguyen quae gia,. "". 1 ,",... (........n:ot cach va 11nh. Khi co mot hoat dorlg x~t nhAP khau.f " ...' ... .. A lanh roaM, se t~1)thanh dong ltic CuM trnnh, vi the.,.,. " , ,.,f ... " , A doc quyen eua nglidi h~n danh cho Ilhi1ng nganh san XUat. , -, , ~.. i t...ttrong nllde da oi pha\-<:1.Ca trong 1 nh vile sanxuat" .,c A., ,.- " 1 hang XUat kha.u-vJ.phai tuan thee nhUng tieu dman, """ ", ',\...,.1,.1 khe kh~c ve hang boa va dich '11.1d trlnh do quae te -, " , .~o" ,. t cac UIlanh san xuat.,trolij,! nude :mng b~t buoe pl~~i tti.. :a '" , 'I 1h. - . cat to Va vlldn Ian dap W1g you Call. .... 90ngnghi!p tr91fg A " nh,!! khau '{~ 'rlnh trang c::!nhtranh nay da chuy~nthi. ,""", , ,. sang dang II thi trlidng eua nglidl roUaII t do do b~t, ., , , .. t ,l; , ~ CaC nganh 5&.nxuat ngoai viae ca1 tien san uham,, '-. , ~- caochatluong,h~ gia thanht (fa dang hoa mati ma, 1 , '..;;11" A'I " b , conpha1Hollie ho~t dongtiap can thi tl'tto.'ng, '" .. ,.' ,.- ,,", . c~ trong Va ngoai mldg, Va t1J hoan chlnh n~g 1~1~ .. tr\leing..... buac",' nang bao A ke 't quaIl li, thong~ua~1"ci,;trap ~hu cac kfen thtlc qUail ly coni cyquaIl ly rod1. , va . ,.. , A ' ,..'.oi .-I , " 3) lil,u-1lu~ xuat nh~I! khau dol vdi nglidi" dung. Nhd nhap kh~u' c~c thi'~t b~ co trlnh do cong- nghe hay trlnh-do kY thuit caohen tron)! nude; cUng'" ",;;t , ~~ nha nhap khatl nguyen lieu tli cae quac gia co Idi ,- .,., ,.. " .,., ... -,.. ,.. ~, ....- the ve san xuat 10,1 nguyenlieu lien h'eJ ke ~a nhap- kh~ud~dt hlnh th~c muala1 b'k;igscmgeha, ngudi tleu" , , - -" ... .... dung trong nttde dttdc h~dng dung cae san pharo not aia "L-- ' t. ~ -.-I -.. . ngang bang vdi sat'}nhamngolli Quae nhUnIi!11li 1'a hdn,vl ! ... -t'-, .-I I , ~" ,..tchi ph lao dqng de san xuat cae san pharo tit thiet vi'\ -- - , ", . va nguyen li~u ngo9i ph~p.re hdn CUa nude ngoai. tieu " ... A ... . ...Ngu'gc"1~1t...nhC'"hollt dqng,x,;at ~hau thu ~\J.qc ngo,i te, ngtt0'1t:lau dung trong nude cung dude tieu -" ~. " ...,,' , dungnhieu hdn cae san uhamngoAi nha~ma trong nude, 1 ~ "t ';C ,chuB du tr nh do hay diau kien san xuat d\ide, do do .,., . .,., "..' " -, ... chat l\idng cuoe song xet ve m?jttieu dung san pham' " . dttdc Dang eao- "- , ".,.. ' ........ 1+)!ii~u a~a ve..i1!i! phan cong; chuyen mon,,-;:1 .,., ,.,.. .,., ... va Quae te roa nen kiw1 te quae daD. , ho,! ..r' "'" " r Quy luit 10'1' the ttidng dol thee do cae quocgia...' .J ..,., -' !'J .. 1 ' -sa co 10'1 nhat khl, xuat khau nhW.lg gJ. In nh ban re bon .. .. , :'t- 1 .. , t .-I -'mlCfckhac va mua1.11nhu:ugg mtdc khac san xuat re hsn~1nhtsa ~. den- t:c- d~ng..ph~n..cong,lao d9nj q~c to 'Y8.khuvvc. ChinshOU.40''i~u k1'n tv nhienthuin 1,1 fi A t ' ~ ~ '\ , , , , 9,Nail co the trong 4\1fCcao su. va t\1 40 Dancae san \0. 1/1 h,# "'1'# _'\ - , I. , I. ,... I.,~a. e e v en tu cae au sang cae nUoc ~an481 va on 40it 48- nhil' 'tr; 1~1noa Ch&t. thiet Di-::: (4). J Sa' plt'ancong nay nhin ph~t buy tit nhft"" , " i' -, I', ldi the QUa t\ml mlo'o, nh\lng khong nglnl can mol nude. .J .. 1 .J " co chien l\tdc nan!I cao trJ.nh do san xuat va killh doanh t 1 ):8, "".J .....cua m ru;, de lam chuyen bien stJ phan cong s~ng lJl<?t d~ng mdl- Su Phan cong lao dong q~c ~ va khu v~c~cUng,. """'" to" , , l' dsad;n tdi s~ ehuyen son hoa Yaa 1Jj<?tnho~jsaz;plaDl C bat!nao d.oc~ mQ~qUocgia.Do -chuyen~onhoa, Ir.qt , , ... ) "... ~ " '\ ".. . (1 Trong suot' 8Qt th.1 glaD iai, cae Dbakinh te xa hti chu l!a tru~c' 4ay vanphUnhin quy 1uit 1,1 the tu~ng 40i y~ 40 40 i nhin cae chi ph! t\1dng401 hay chi ph! so aanh g1uacaonu~: ~ , A ' '" " ,# "'" " cho rangnhJ.n nh~nquy lu~t nay, 1a chap nh~n,han chia the ;1 th6.nhnhi'fugn$n k1nh te cone;ngh:iepph&t trieD va nhimg 1kinh te Ie-c hiu: Song th1JCtien d:ii!chien119phai nh!n nhp~ ~ - , - r luet na:r. Ie. J 41W11g~YDI~.Socialiat Econoll.icDeve10,aent l Refor.. (Phat trien kinhte xa h9i chU ngh!a vacatto):New- - ~t Praeger Pub1iehers~1972,.tr. 299. ,-~- intdesa dandant1ch luy dtidevon, ky thu';tt congngh,%- :II - ,' T ~ A. k1nh nghiam de khong; ng\ing nang cao nl:(ng suat, chat-" A""" "" - l\l<]hg san phamde dling vllng va gianh thi!ng 1']'1 tren, th! trlicn;g. -,..- r-- ..., ,..( , Vdl xu the quocte" hoa Cc;lOnon Kinh to, qua-' . trlnh 'ehuyen mon h6a khong chI d1en ra theo nghIa hep, ", :11", l ' a.1a chuyenmonhon Ban phamt ma co Ithl ell la chuyenmon " - . ,:;..t , " , :II hoa mot DOphAn :sanpham, con toan bo' san pharola1 do\0.' ,.. ".-- , t A .,.-1,.-1 .. , nhieu mtdc cung hem tae san xuat. Xu the quoc te hoa, " ,iIi",-" ,.t ,\0. ,.,... phs ba nhtfng rao can gia tio nh\l van de gia ca nqi d!a,".I,.." 1 -"""" \..van de tr nh do }rhoahoe ky thuat ... de dua nen kinh ".I " . - < "., . A,." , ~- te mot m!dc hoa nhA1)va-a non kinh te the gill1 co nhwlg ".I ."" ! T'»che dq eh nh trt khae nhau. 3 ,..., . ,.. Chang hfln cac san paaa 00'11Day bay AirBus hay xe Ida xuyen ~ ~ A , .~, , ~ (dung ngaa qua bien Manchala do nhieu nUGCbfp tac san ~ - ') .. .,. ,..., - .-I xuat. Hay san ,haa Quahang Sony Nh~t ban cung nhu cl:a80 , , ~ ~ . ~ " " say Ti t~nh (eu 4ufC che t~o t~~ OOieu nuec khac OOauva,.. - (ea l!p rap i -ot nuic.Hoic (u~ng ong 4ankh! 4ot xuatkhau sang !fa7!:An#'. Qua T.Jien Xo eta dung .ten cac Day IIOC Qua cae cong ty Tay tu la chi nhSnh Qua cong ty My, m~cdu MY CaB vin th~.ng ~Qi Lien x8:(1): i I I I t I t ~ ~ ., i, br p :c , -.",' , .-l Cae ~~t hi~u qUa not tren CUB ho~t dong xuat-:II ,.-I ff" "".. ,.-I A ,., , nhap khau do! vai tean nan kinh te, dol vdi cae nganh" A ".I , , ,.. " ,~ , , '\ san xuat, dol vdi ng\tdi tieu dung va dol vdi qUa tr~nh",...t..t, \... ,.-I phan eong, ahu;ien mon boa va quae te hoa nen kinh te...r - ..;..a ! , -" ...! quoe den se the hien tong hrln d nhip do pbat trienkinh ." , PC , -l ' .It''A''.,.-I........ te cua rIloi nude. tuy thao chien l\ldc :x;uat nhap kbau", " .. cua tungnude. : ,,~ , " - Tu r~wlg n~70 trd l~i day, Cae nude ~~T ,daA "., ." "\ "" A chuyan h\idng chien lltdc k1nh te CUa mull-!. iJo 1a chien, 'I... ...1 " . " , '- - lltdo hllclngva xuut khanVa thlic bien t1ing tudc dieu- chlnh de phil hqp Vdl di~eukia~ eu th;: clk tullg IlltdC,~" .h ' ..Ii', " .... nhmasu dung mot quaIl he kinh to vdi cae nude ~jCN mot, , 0_, t,.-l , 'I... J each co hieu aua hon. Vdl chien ltldc do) nen kinh te, ... ,.,' , - , A... " {CUamot so nudc da co toe do t~fngtl'tidng CUO. v dt..,A, -., t -. ~.,' " mot so ntJde DongNamA da oat con so 5-L;;,~ trong ld~i d6 c;c midcO&CDc\.ingchI d3 mtlc2,~-3)1m1 thoi. Gh~ng hin toc d9 tlIDg trlidng cua lli9t s'~'nltdc Bong 1.Va uong ~amA n~ 1987 nhli saU : H~ngKong IZ-13~, Nem Tr1~u Tien 11-12,5%, D11 Loan 9-11.%,Xin-ga-po 6-7p"l'h~i Lanr: <1 4t ) ,.. " , ,. , -" ,]-7~ (~. DOngtild1 cac nlidc nay cung Is nhung nude ".I, """.( ...:I r "\~ <lIt con so ky l'}c ~exuat khau. Vl d\1ntUn1<;86hong- Kongd:~t35,4 tI dora, Xin-ga-po ~~,l.t95tI, Jra-x1n "t39lt ~lva_cdc:';u..k1nht~.00 91/thay d~1.theq ch1~u ! . ~ I I I I ' I I I I I I !II! (1) V.H" Kirl'alani;: 'Inernational Marketing (Tiep th:f, quac te). Prentice-Hall, 19B'7,tr~lO-ll~ ' '~ ' \ (2) T~pchi Far Eastern EconoFic Revie~ (Kinh Te V1en Don~)~ -so 29-10-1989. tr.ll~- , .,~" .. -lO-A " ... " .,1 . huing ..i vi 'LV nganh Q,\cl1.vV tang len va chJ.e. ty trong lin' tront) toni;- san pharaquoc clan (vii HamTrieu Tien, Hong Ko~;, Singapore, Thai Lan, An D9 4~t con a~ Ian lu.t Is 45 %! 70 0/0,54 0/0,52 0/0, va 48 0/0, trong n~ 1985 (1). . I-" ... ,.. ,#... i ... . ,#t NhJ.Dll9t"'cach tong quan, van «e h ~u Cluaxua I nhip khau thu_ng 4ufc gin lien v.i'van 48 c4c~u xu~tnhi~ khau: Trong thai gian i.~ 4ay, cho cltengiiJa thip Dien 195°, cac ntlic xi hQi~bi1~~ay gi~ -- trong 40 Vi!t Nam ... ~ A ~ , ... ,# " ... hi '" 'I. I la 89t thSnh vieD -- J.t chu tall 4en van 4e Qu qua cua ngofi thU4lng: l'Ivc tieu ctta cac m1_c a;r trong giRl «o~ wa not 1a.phat trieD thee chieu rong, va. ho~t 49ng xuat nhip khau cho. yeu cl:uflcxea oou lI~t cong-ctJ I.; 4~t cten I t!nh trtng t\l cung tv cap nhieu hen ni1a.Song cang ngq I ngti_i ta c8.ngthay ring phancong 1ao 40ng quoc te ch!nb 1a Bot nguon1~c'4ephat trieD, va cang luc ngo~i thu~ng , ,#. , ... ",- i ' ' i Icang chiem t7 trong l~n trong Den kina tee Kh eto,.- ~&t 4au «tt ra van.e hliu qua kina te eua ho~t 4QDg ngo~i tb,\14ng:Oac una. 1d..nh 'te 4.8. 41. 4en nb.~n tb.Uc ringv8.x1 48 quaD trQng ]chongphai la 4J.uy1t0lan hay 000 CURne;oij-i thUcfng...~ van 48 eh!nh 1s php vi Ita ng°i-i thtteng glop ~ ~ " '" , '.' tiet kit. dufc cae tal nguyen trollS nu~c ,40 40 g1U' 41 , , ~ ~... ~ . ~ ~ A- Tao phat trieD theo chieu sau Den k1nh te quae 4an. ... ~ . ~ d , ~ ,. M9t Den k~nh te ke hOfch boa t~p trung theo kiey Yi~t Nail va cac nu~ckho1 SET truic I.ay khong co 81n 8Qt ~ ... ~. . ~, ~ -~Cd che t~ 4~ng4a ~ao4a. (~t 4u~c1fi ~ch l_n Dhat tu ngo,p.thUflng:l>Ois. ...:1clfSchekg holich hoa t~p trungda A ... A ~ ,. " A 4~a tren DQt hi thong gia ea ~~ bop map, l~ch lie, iva tren s~ ~nh gia xa each gta tr*i 4ong thai dva tren aQt ty g1a4uy1cht giua 4ong tien trong ntlie vAi cac 4ong. ngo~i ti .~nht cung nhu dVa tren sv tach rai th~ tr\i~ng t ,-, i of !I ~,,-,#..roDS mlijc v. 'tih..truong quae te. Tat ca nhilng nhanto' i t A 1, ~ ~ " Ii>"" . no reD aa cho vi~c 401 ehieu giG ca h~g hoa trong, , ~ , 9 ~ A - ntl~eva ngoSi nujo tr~ thanavo ngh!a. V! the, viic t!nh toaD h1iu qua kinh te xuat nh€p khauva -it tt:inhlu,~ -, , - h A t ~ r ,..." Cac nuec xa 9 ehu ngh a tru~c day 1a khong the thVc hiin «Ufc.~t eachchinhxac, micdu caenh~kina te.1 no Ive phat trieD hat phutfngan t!nh toan: Fhu8ngan DQt Ie. tinh toSn d\l~~.thee caegia.ca.ke ho~ch,roi. sau 40~~ ~~ , ~. ~ ~ , .0 sung wangcae ht 80 va gia tr~ tUQng ~oicJa eaclongngOAitA' t ., 1' ~ , ... ... , "it.:; - ~ va~y.:~~o~ ~°a.:,~:!n0ien (marginalexchange (~,:Han~b-ook"'"'~f'I;tte-;"'~atio~~'T'"ra:deand-Develop'lIe~tStatis i (C~ """. ~ K '" ..t ~ ...2. a. nan~\'6 l1ti-u d:J,chquoc te va so li~u thong ke phs.t trien)., Vashin!;ton, 198? tr ~67 va 73~ -10-8 rate): Phutlngall thU hat 1s.t!nh toan theo gia th~ trUdlll ~ ~" ~ ft ~ 1 ,!uocte cae khoan giao ~ch xuat nh~pkhau, nhttng gilt tr. ngoi rat liD ls. khong co 4u.g 1iiu, Den ch! &p d~ng4e L , A - - A , " ., t~nh toan cho DQt 80 4f1n v~. Themvao 40, cac.khoan bu III " .. , ,. .. . , "- -, ., 10 xuat khau v~ nhtP khau cua Nha nttCJ.ccung 1aa cho cae ! ", A'" .-( ) -t nh toan nay b.\.sai ltch ket ,"us. 1 ., Trong d:ieu ]din C1J,the cua Yiit N8.Ji, ro r~g khong the t{nh toan h1iu q,u1xuat nhi~ khau Ding phttflng phap «~Dh 1u~ng neu tren: -L5:40 lay! co 8~ an «~nh ty gie. ~a tach rat g1a tr~t v~athee nhieu ty gi& (ching h~, 401 v.i 4ong RUp, co ty gia .iu a!ch, ty gia phi Diu d~cht t ' l ' , , 'ft A A , AY g a cho eac :aha. bangcons nghitp, tieu thu cong nghitp, van van)~ khign cho khong the c1.edang an 4~nh 89t tieu chuan Chun~: Ly do nua 1a thieu m9t chuoi cae 80 11iu theo th,i gian (tiDe series), phanto thrlnh Wng nhOItgia 4e co the. 80 sazm v.i nhau:' ."., ft, '" ,., Mic Au vi", 1uin an van co gAng 4tta ra bot 4anh gia_d:~nht!nh v~ hiiu qua xuat nhip khau trans tb,6i sian qua. V! nh!n Bot cach tong quan, trong chien lute phat ...a rl.. -;..,.: r~ " trieD kinh 'te nhUng n!:imtrudc Il1~t, xuat nh;."pkhau 1a""... "rl,.(, " mot hO:lt dong mui nhon, dong gap rat 1cJn vao qua tI'lllh-" ,.. ,.r. .A ~ to chllc 1a1 cd caU san XUlit, pIlau cong l~i lao J<?n~--,A. 1 t ..l .. "'!.. Txa hoi, nRng cao tr nb do san xuat CUu nhung 1 nh lie~. ,.. , ~. .A - ... ..." ,.I .( can tiu tieD phot trien" Xust nhaD khau sa la ch1ec don~. to. .A ..c "" h bay de xoay chuYEln nen kinh to con ngheo nan, lac bau" ,jIl,jll, " -.~. . va n~ngsuet thap kern CUa Viet Nam thanh mOl; lien k1lih ...l, ...a ' ,," ." rl A te phat trieD, tham.gia vaG pilan cong lao dong quoc tee, ,e ", ,... ,t ..l 0 rl Do do, van de dent gia hleu qua CUBchien Itldc xuat-", .""',..,, nh~pkhau co tam quaD trong to 1dn va ~~t ly Iuan va.. j)( . .. thuc tieD. - ~. , P~lldn~hu~g ng21enctlu~uaI;$?l~ '~~nh~!llke~ hrm. 1y l uan vdi thl1c tieD boAt doni x~at rJlap khau d, .5:; ,t "" . , ....Viet Namttt 1975 den nay de ph~nt ch. danh g1a hi~u-,.,.( ~ t ."" - " qua xuat nhap khau ve ca ha1 In~tvi mova vi III0j ttl do J:ut ra nh\1ngv~n lewang tlnh guy 1u~t v~ddxuat nh~ng ki~n nghi nh'hmxay dung n:o hlnb qu~n1yvI me\'~ xuat... a' ...' , A . A 1, ~dnba'!" khau oat hieu qua tot uu, phuc vu cho chien u.c)1" -~. '.4 -- - ,\"" ~ .A , phat trien klah te x8 hfti 1au dai cu.adat nl1dc. 11181~.:1n- Sad"anh ChticlngI de ph~n t{ch ttllJetr~ng, -,., '..l ...a " va hieu c~~kinh te c~ah°'it dc:ngxuat nh1ap kh~lU ' ~t1. 1,., , II - t h ' eau Ic75 den nay. SaU do, Chuang se r n Day ~a5 A' h t' v,lan d"enhhn Dang cao }'ieu qua kinh to cua o~ -" dqng~ , k.",.1 ' t t i xu~t nh~pkhau, a;opphan vao chien It1ctcpha r en,.,' 1 '\ , klnh te xi h01 ana ca nudc.. ..... ,- - -- (1) J. Wi1()zYI18~~h:Socialist EconomicDevelop.ant " ancl Reforms (Phat trien kinh te xi h91 chu nghia va cat to), Bach 4a dan, tr:29D-299: