Luận văn Ứng dụng logic mờ và tri thức chuyên gia vào việc dự đoán một số thông tin hữu ích về các tầng đất

Trang13 ChU'O'ng2 : MQtso khai ni~mcO'banv~dat. 2.1. GIGI THIEU D~t(soil)la mQtkhaini~mrQng.D6i v6'ingmJinongdan,d~tla ph~nd~t trend6cayc6icuahQdangduQ'ctr6ngtrQt,hQchiquailni~mdanthu~nd~t6tla d~tchonhi~ucaytrai,d~tx~ulad~tcanhtacchothuho<;\chkern.Con d6iv6'icac nhath6nhuOng,~~tc6cAutrucphuct<;\pv6'icaccacthongs6ly,h6a,vavi sinhv~t D~t,duduQ'chi~utheomQtnghlanaodi m1'athin6luong~nv6'imQtvi tri dialy C\lth~.D~tluong~nli~nv6'icactacdQngcuamoitruOngthiennhien,cua connguoi Bai vi d~tduQ'chinhthanhclingtircactacdQngnay. D~tdai la tai sancuaqu6cgia,vi~cqUailly, phanlo<;\ivadinhhuangsir d\lngd~tlacongvi~cdn thiSt.Sird\lllgdungvahi~uqua, nh~mt<;\oranhi~ucua caiv~tch~tvabaav~moitruOnglam\lctieucuacacnhaho<;\chdinh. Chuangnayxin duQ'ctrinhbaymQts6khaini~mchungnh~tv~d§t vah~ th8ngthongtin dla ly GIS, nh~mlamcO'sa ly thuyStchoph~nchuang3 : GiOi thi~uquytrinhkhaosatd§t. 2.2.HETHONGTHONGTINDIALY - GIS GEOGRAPHICINFORMATION SYSTEMS} H~ th6ngthongtindialy la mQth~th6ngbaag6mcacph~nm~mmaytinh, ph~nclIng,dfrli~u,vanhanh,rcchophepconngmJihinhdung,thaotac,phantich, khaithacvahiSnthicacdfrli~udialy. GIS kSthgpcaclapthongtin v~mQtvungnaod6nh~mgiupchUngtahi~ura hanv~vlingd~td6.Vi~cquyStdinhnhfrnglapthongtinnaothamgiah~th6ngph\l thuQcvitom\lcdichkhaithacthongtin.Cacm\lCdichkhaithacGIS r~tkhacMali. Vi d\lnhu: timmQtvi tri t6ttrongthanhph6d~macirahang,khid6h~th6ngse duaramQts6vi tri th6aman cacyeticAunhu: danKngumqual<;\i,giathuSnha khongcaD, HaycaDcAphanlaphantichsghuyho<;\imoitruOng,hi~nthicac vimgn6ngtQiph<;\mtrongthanhph6. Trang14 Trangh~th6ngthongtindialy GIS. Cohaicachth~hi~nd6itUQ'llg,mQtlaa d.;mgd6itUQ'llg(object),hailaa d~nglien11,lc(field).Hi~nthicacd6itUQ'llga d~ng objectlavi~cth~hi~ncacd6ituQ'llga duaid~ngcacd6itUQ'llghiOOhQc.D6itUQ'llg secoduemgbiengiairarang,cokichthuacvavi tri C\lth~.CacthaOOphAnthuQc d6ituQ'llgdSud6ngOO~tvSthongs6.Th~hi~nnaychithichhqpvai cacd6ituQ'llg OOant~oOOuduemgph6OOacua,biengimhaOOchiOOqu6cgia.... 2.2.1Th~hi~ndU'&id~ngcac d6i tU'Q'ng(Objectview). Hinh 2.1:Objectview Trangcachth~hi~nnaycacd6itUQ'llgduQ'cth~hi~nquacacd6itUQ'llghiOO hQcOOu: di~m,duemg,vung.Cachth~hi~nnaycoUtidi~mla dangiim,dSdang khaithac.Vi la cacd6itUQ'llghiOOhQc,cQngvaim6ilienh~tapavacactoanill diOOvi,nenclingdp khanangkhaithacthongtincaD. Cactoanill diOOvi la OOUngtoanill dUngd~troyv~n,khaithacdit li~u (chiOOxaclacacd6itUQ'llghiOOhQc) cotrangGDB (GraphicDataBase).d hAll h6tcach~GIS thuangphArotrenthi truemgdSuh6 trQ'cactoantu nay.Trang chuangtriOODolGis5.5cuacongty Doisoft,toantu Geo-Touching,Geo-Union, Geo-Overlapping(tencactoantir cokhactrongungdI./ngnhungvJ bimchatla nhzenhau),cactoantunaygiupchoOOathi6tk~tiOOtoanOOanhs6luQ'llgm~tb~ng cAngiilitoakhimarQngmQtconduemg. Trang15 IDnh 2.2:Toanill BuferingvaIntersectionduhgdexacdinhphfindfttgiaiteakhi In6rQngdu<mg(DOLGIS5.5) CaetoaDtirdinhvi baog6m: op={Geo-Union,Geo-Difference,Geo-Disjunction,Geo-Touching,Geo- inclusion,Geo-Crossing,Geo-Pass-Through,Geo-Overlapping,Geo-Equality,Geo-. Distance,at_Nord_of,at_East_of,at_South_of,at_West_of,at_Nord- East_of,at_South-East_of, at- South-West_of,at_Nord-West- of,Above,Below, at_Left_of,at_Right_oj} Saudayla dinhnghiacuatoanill: aCNorth_of: MQt d6i tuqng Oi nb 6 phiaB~ccuad6ituqngOJ ( Ky hi~ula OiftOj) n€u t6nt~iit nhfttmQtdiemPOJ E Oi matQadQy cuanoIanhonto~dQy cuatAteelcae diemPOjE OJ : OiftOj iff::!POiEOi IPOi,y>=POj,y\;;fPOjE OJ IDnh2.3:Toantirat Northof.- - Trang16 6 d~ngthShi~nobjectnay,cacd6itUQ11gseduQ'clUll(yd~ngvectorv6icac t<)adQduQ'cn~nchinhphilhQ'Pv6ih~t<)adQ,(thamkhaoph1,ll1,lcph{m2 trang94). 2.2.2Th~hi~nddi tU'Q'ngdU'oid~nglien tl;lc-Field view '< Hinh 2.4:ThShi~nd6itUQ11gdu6id~nglient1,lC(fieldview). Cacd6ituQ11gt\1'nhienthuemgkhongcobiengi6iphandinhrarang.Cacd6itUQ11g nayr~tphilhQ'Pv6i cachthShi~nlient1,lc. Xetcongthuc: F:R7P Trongdo: - R thuQcR2, R3. - P lamiSnthongs6cuad6ituQ11g. Congthucnaychobi~t~imQtdiSmb~tky trongkhonggian, cacthongs6 vSd6itUQ11glagi? CachthShi~nnayvuQ'trQicachthShi~nobjectvSmucdQchi ti~t.Nhungnocoh~nch~lakhongthSdUngcactoantudinhvi dScothStroyv~n dii'li~uGIS.Thongthuemgvi~cxacdinhanhx~F lavi~cr~tphuct~p. MQtvi d1,ldongifmnh~tcuaeachthShi~nnaylacacanhraster.T~im6ivi trix,ycuaanh,chUngtacoduQ'Ccacthongs6vSmatit~ivi trido. Trang17 (O,Ofj) moh 2.5:Ma tr~ndi~manh. 2.3 eAT vA cAe KHAI NIEM 2.3.1MQt86khaini~m. Bit (Soil): la lapb€ m~tm6ngtrenb€ m~t,cungcApnu6cvadu6ngchAt choS\Is6ngtrentrtiidAt,n6baag6mcactinhchAtly hoavavi sinh.DAtluonluon chilitacdQngb6'icacho~tdQngcuaconnguoi MQtlo~idAtC\lth~duQ'cxacdinh quamQtprofileC\lth~.'DAt'lachilo~idAtC\lth~vaim\lcdlchsird\lllg,comQtcAli trucvatlnhchAthoaly vi sinhC\lth~.DAtduQ'chi~ulaill 'dAt'trongcacill sau: ilat nongnghi?p,ilatphilxa,ilatbun,ilatcat,ilatdobazan... Lo-p<tit(Horizon)La lapv~tchAtd6ngnhAttraidailientl)chaydill quang, nonftmsongsongvaib€ m~traidAt.CaclapdAtkhacnhaucomatis~cvacactinh chAthoa,ly,vi sinhkhacMati. Phiu di~o<tit(SoilProfile): La m~tc~tcuadAttheochi€u thingdUng,ill b€ m~t6ilapdAtg6c.ThuOngphfiudi~ndAtbaag6mnhi€u lapdAt. moh thai <tit(LANDSCAPE ): la cacdi€u ki~n1\InhienmoitruOng,d~c tlnhb€ m~t,d~ctinhdiahinh,vi trl dialy, ... .HinhthaidAtlay~ut6mcdQnglen cAlitrUccuadAt.HinhthaidAtduQ'chi~ulaill 'dAt'trongcacill sau: ilatngqpmijn, i/atvungtrungdu,ilatd6itr9c,ilatvungddmldy. Trang18 '. illnh 2.6:Hinhthaid~t Band8d§t (Sol/Map)lat~mbimd6th&hi~neaelo~id~trongmQtvling khilOsat. n 0 illnh 2.7:C~utrueband6d~t. 2.3.2Lap dAt.(Horizon) La lapv~teh~td6ngnh~tnHdailient\lehaydill quang,non~msongsong v6'ib~m~traid~t.Caelapd~tkhaenhaueomatis~evaeaetinheh~thoa,1;',vi sinhkhaeMali. Caelapd~thuemgeoten laeaeehiieai.Saudayla3lapd~teO'bannhk -Lap d~tA la lapd~tb~m~tgiauhiiueO'hO'll,vathuemgeomatis~mhO'll eaelapd~tphiadu6'i - Lap d~tB la lapd~t(ydu6'ithuemgeoeomatisanghO'llap d~tren,va thuOnglak~tquaeuas\,!b6id~pd~tsetill eaetAngd~tbentren. Soil Map 0 n Soil . 0 n Property Horizon Trang19 -Lap d~tC Ii lapd~tmv,noIi lapd~tcO's6'chovi~chinhthinhcaclapd~t A, B 6'bentren. Sv dOlh6iphilicomQth~th6ngphancApchiti~thancaclapdk Cach~ th6ngdi.itenkhacradbivi caclapd~tcotenghepcacchii'caivaiMati.Cacchii' cainaythuangIi chii'dA~cuathinhphAncAlit~ochinhlenlapd~t,hayIi chii'dAti cuamQthuQctinhdi.icbi~tnio d~y.Nam1967Hi~pHQiKhoaHQcD~tQu6cT~ (ISSS - InternationalSocietyof Soil Sience)phathanhcu6nsach" Proposalfor uniformsystemof soilhorizondesignations"vi Ii cO's6'chocach~th6ngphanlo~i sauniy. 2.3.3Ph~udi~nd~t(Profile) Li mi.itdltcuad~theochi~uth~ngdung,ill b~mi.itai lapd~tg6c. . IDnh2.8:A MarylandSoil (Photo~ Dr.RayWell,UniversityofMaryland) Trang20 f)fit t~imQtdi~mC\lth~duQ'cth~hi~nquaprofile.Khi demphantichcac d~ctinhly h6acuamQtmfiukhoanthfundo,k~tquachoralamQtprofilemotadAy duthongtinv~mfiunely.N6baog6mthongtinv~caclapdfitnhudQdely,melusAc, velcacthongtinv~h6atinh,ly tinh,vi sinhv~t.Nhuv~yprofilelelt~pcacthongs6 motamQtlo~idfitC\lth~. 2.3.4Caey~ut6taedQnghh1hthanhm6itrU'angdAt f)fithinhthelnhdotuongtacv6i cacdi~uki~nt6nt~icuan6trongcacmoi truOngv~tly,h6ahQcvelsinhhQc.Cacy~ut6quantrQngnhfittrongS1Jhinhthelnh dfitbaog6mkhih~u,v~tli~ug6c,sinhv~t,diahinhvelthaigian.Khi h~ulely~ut6 duQ'cnh~nthucvelelquantrQnghontfitcac.y~ut6khac. y ~ut6khih~uanhhuOngd~ndu t~odfitbaog6mnhi~tdQvelmua,chung cirngkh6ngch~.caey~ut6chiph6iquatrinhphongh6a.Trongbu6idAucuakhoa hQcth6nhu5TIg,cacnhelth6nhu5TIgchor~ngv~tli~ug6cdahaytrAmtichd~dfit phatri~nlely~ut6quantrQngnhfitquy~tdinhcacd~ctrungcUadfitduQ'ct~ora. Th-Y i G iaD. i = cd ffi" f ". V~tLI~uG6c SinhV~t , L mob 2.9:Cacy~ut6hinhthanhmoitruOngdfit Trang21 Tuynhien,nhi6unghienClmdiichothfty1acac10<;1idfttwangt1,Ivfinxuftt hi~ntrencacv~t1i~ug6ckhacMali, trongkhicacdi6uki~nkhih~ukhongd6i.Anh huangcuav~t1i~ug6c1a16TInhfttrongcac10<;1idfttn~phatri~ntrongcackhih~u onhoa. Sinhv~thibaag6mcath1,Icv~tvadQngv~tsinhs6ngtrongmQt10<;1idfttCl,1 th~.N~utfttcacacy~ut6hinhthanhdfttgiftc6dinh,thidfttphattri~nduaicaccQng d6ngth1,Icv~tkhacnhausebi~uhi~nnhi6us1,IkhacMali.MQtvi dl,1di~nhinh1as1,I khacnhautrongcactinhchfttdfttquailsatduQ'ckhi chuy~nill vungd6ngcosang vungcayrUng. H~ ST d~IIBcO VUIIB ch1JYin ti€p H~ s.inh thai riIDB , ,. IDnh 2.10:Cacthayd6itrongdfttill v-ungrungd~nv-ungd6ngco. Dia hinh,y~ut6 lienh~v6vi tri cuadftttrongmQtcanhquailCl,1th~,c6th~ gayracacthayd6irfttm<;1nhmetrenkhoangcachng~n.Cackhiac<;1nhdiahinhanh huangd~ns1,Iphatri~ndfttbaag6mdQd6cvavi tridiahinh.DQd6cquailtrQngvi n6quy~tdinhcacquatrinhx6imOllvatrAmdQng.DftttrensuCmd6cdUngthimong honsovai dfttt<;1ichand6cdoquatrinhx6i monoVi tri diahinhtirc1avi tri dftt trongcanhquaildiaphuang.Ch~ngh<;1n,a thunglUngm1,IcnuacngAmc6th~a gAll m~tdftthan1adinhfilii.Trongv-ungkhoh<;1nvabankhoh<;1n,n~um1,IcnuacngAm n~msauduaim~tdfttvaimet,thicacmu6ihoatansetichtl,1trongdfttkhinuacbi b6chO'ikhoi dftt. Thai gian,y~ut6 cu6i clInghinh thanhdftt,quy~tdinhdQdai cacquatrinh khi h~uvath1,Icv~ttacdQng1env~t1i~ug6cd~t<;10radftt.D6ngh6th6nhu5TIgb~t Trang22 d~uch<;1yngaykhidahayv~tr~mtichlQrahaybi tr~mticht<;1ib~m~traid~t.Thai di~mll<lYcoth~conhi~usl,!ki~nxayranhu:Sl,!thoailui cuabanghadffxoimOll haytr~md<;mgcacv~tli~utrenmQtcanhquan,Sl,!tr~mdQngv~tli~utr~mtichtir d<;1ngbuntrongvungnhi~td6i,ho~cSl,!phuntraocuadungnham.T6cdQph<ittri~n d~tchillquy~tdinhchuy~ucuakhih~u.D~t<;10rad~tphattri~nbinhthuangcoth~ dn hangngannam. 2.4PHAN LOA(£>ATTHO NHU'O'NG: Tronghinh3.2trang37, mQtband6d~tluanth~hi~nnhi~u10<;1id~t.Phfm 10<;1id~tlakhauquantrQng,noduQ'cthvchi~ntru6ckhiti~nhanhl~pband6.Vi~c chQnphan10<;1id~tphl,lthuQcvaodiahinh,vaodu t<;10d~tvatheoquydinhcua tirngqu6cgia.Trenth~gi6icor~tnhi~uh~th6ngphan10<;1idk Ph~nnaytrinhbay 2h~th6ngphan10~icuakhan6iti~ngcuaMy vaPhap. 2.4.1H~th8ng cua My: Soil Taxonomy H~th6ngphan10<;1id~tSoil TaxomomyduQ'cVl,lbaav~d~tMy ph<ithanh, nocod<;1nglamQtcayphandp. H~th6ngphan10<;1idvatrencactinhch~tdoduQ'c cuam~tdt dk Cacnhomcuaphan10<;1inayduQ'cth~ytrongbang2.1.Muai dp d~tla cO'So'd~utiencuaphan10<;1inay.Cacd~ctrungcuadp duQ'cmatatrong bang2.2.6mircchiti~tnh~tcuaphan10<;1i,cokhoang10.000nhomdk Trang23 Taxonomy ~ IDnh2.11:H~th6ngciiyphandp euaMy Bang2.1:CaedaTIvi h~th6ngphanlo~idAt Hang sA dO1lvi Cap 11 ............................................................................................................................................."..........................................................................................".............................................................................. Ph\! eap 47 ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................... Nhom 1611 Khoang206 .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. Ph\! nhom -/- ..........................................................................................................................................."...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................,...... H9 -/- .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Lot (seri) Khoang10.000 ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Pha Trang24 Bang2.2:Cacdinhnghiagiful1ugcv~cApdAttrongh~th6ngphfu1lol;lidAtcuaMy. (theoA.L. Bloom) A1fiso1 Aridiso1 --.---.--..-. Entiso1 Bat co tangtrenm~txamdennau,1ugngbazO'trungbinhden caDvatAng(ydu6im~tdAttichtI.Iset BAtco cactAngth6nhu511g,v~tchAthitucO'thAp,thuemgkho. , , . "" '--.- Batkhongcocactangthonhu511g ---fiistosoT-rfjii.-hfui-ccY(thanbill vatl;lpCMt) inceptis01 1 fjii-C6 c~c.tfuig.phfu1.(H.ySii.ch~-thiys\I..bi~~d6i.ciiac~c.v~t... 1i~ug6c -.--.---.--..- Mollisol ...rfjii.c6tfuig-trS-n-.m~i.gi~ii.Tlfulca:.-gf~-den.~~--iu9TIg-ba~a-cao:-- Oxiso1 Spodoso1 'fjii. i~m~ih6~.jiqpchiiy~u...ciia.kaoH~:.~~t.hydrate.h6a.--v~ .I thl;lchanh. 'fjiic6..sV..tich.iijyc.~c-v~t..ii~u...v6.--d!cli-.hi~..tr~~gc c--i§.~g- dumm~tdAt -u1iisoC -Jj§:tc6-m9ttfuIgtich1iiysetva1ugngbazO'thAp ----------- Vertiso1 .-fjiis6t~(rt~~ Bang2.3:H~phanlol;lidAthgpnhAt(ASTM DESIGNATION D 2487).TheoD.P. Mc Carthy,1993. Cae ky ICaetendi~nhlnh hi~unhom GW GP GM S6icapphoitotvah6nhgps6icat,ithaykhongcohl;ltmOll S6icApph6isAuvah6nhgps6icat,ithaykhongcohl;ltmOll S6ich(!a-b\iC..-h6n-- hqp.-s6Tc~tb~C-.------_.__._----_.._-----_.._-_.._.._.- ~====~~~~~=~it~t:on--- SP ..'-s6icIp-ph6ixiii-v~--h6n-hqp.-s6ic~t:-it..hay-kh6ng.cKh~tm6-il-.-- Trang25 SM SC ML CL OL MH CH OH Pt Catchuab\li,hanhQ'Pcatb\li Catchuaset, hQ'Pcat set ,.,.,...,...,..,..""..",..",,.."..".." , "", ".."..",..,.." "..".."..",.." "" ", ".. mill,bQtda,catmOllchuab\lihaysetB\li vo cO',cat -"86t'..~6"c';;"'c6""ifllli"""d~o"'th~p""d~"n""trung""billli':"~6t"ch(la "~'6Cs~t" chuacat,setchuab\liset -B~ ihihi'ca"v"~"86ich(la b~i"hihi"c;;"c6..tillh""d~o"th~p ,.., , ,.......... ,., , , , , ,.......................................................... ., B\li vocO',catchuamicahaychuataDdiatome,b\lid~mr ..." , , , , ", ,".."..""."'..."" """""""""""""""""""""""""""", " , ,."..'.'..""."" """"""""""" Setvo cO'co tlOOcleocao,setbee , , , , ,..., ,........................ SethfrucO'co tiOOcleotrungbiOO cao 'Than"b"fui~"'d~td~m"i yv~"ctic"d~thihi"c;;"cao'kh~c ..., , , 2.4.2 H~ thOng cua Phap : REFERENTIELPEDOLOGIQUE H~th6ngphanlo~icuaPhapkhongdUngcAutruccayphancApOOucuaMy. H~th6ngmlysu d\lngkhaini~mdAtm~u(Conceptualsolum-reference).BAtm~u duQ'cdiOOnghlabaag6mcaclapdAtm~u(referencehorizon),vacactioochAtdi kern. IDnh2.12:cAutrucdAtm~u. MQtlo~idAtC\lthS Strongth\fc dia selak~thQ'Pcua1hayOOi~ulo~idAt m~u.CacOOakhaosatsedungOOUngki~nthucth6OOu5'ngdStimraduQ'clo~idAt m~ug~ngi6ngv6i lo~idAtS ooAt.N~ukhongco thi S Ie lak~thQ'PcUahaihay nhi~uhancaclo~idAtm~u,clingcokhikhongthSthShi~nduQ'cS quacaclapdAt m~u.Co tfmgcQng180lapdAtm~utrongh~th6ng.B6i v6i mQtvilngkhaosatC\l thS,nguaitacothSthemVaGmQts6lapdAtm6ib~ngvi~cchiacaclapdAtm~u Conceptual Solum 0 I I Property ReferenceHorizon Trang26 thaOO Oom006hon.CacOOom006honduQ'chiOOthaOOb~ngvi~cthemcactieu chuAnmmvi d\lOOu: congu6ng6cbazan,coddtset Va ill 18010l;liddt ban d~u,daOOsachcoth€ duQ'cthemvaokhonghl;lnch~. REALITY CONCEPTS REFERENCE HORIZONS 1. I SOIL MANTLE jI. R, R REFERENCES c Hinh 2.13:QuatriOOphantichvah.rach9n10l;liddtphilhqptrong h~th6ngReferentielPedologique. QuatriOOphan10l;liddtthongqua3giaidol;ln: - PhantichthaOOph~ncdutl;loddt. - L\lach9ncaclapddtmfiuphilhqpcdutl;lonen10l;liddtnay. - L\lach9n10l;liddtphilhqpOOdtd\latrenk~tquacuabu6'c2. H~th6ngphan10l;linaykh~cph\lcduQ'chl;lnch~trongh~th6ngcuaMy. NSuhai10l;liddtg~ntuongtv OOausecophan10l;lig~nOOau.Trongkhi trongh~ th6ngcuaMy, hai10l;liddttuongtv co th€ timthdya haiOOomhoantoankhac Mall.H~th6ngnaycotiOOmemcleobonh~th6ngCUaMy, vi nochophepthem Trang27 caelo~idAtm6ivaotrongh~th6ngphancApsacchophilhQ'PnhAtv6iviIngkhflO sat. 2.5TIEP CAN MOl TRONG HE THONG PHAN LOAI gAT V6i 2 cachphanlo~i2.4.1va2.4.2d~udiIngd~n~p caclo~idAteaban duQ'cdinhnghlatru6e.Khi khaosatmQtviIngC\lthethiehuyenbi~tcaclo~idAtea bannayehophilhQ'Pv6i tUngvilnge\lthe.FitzPatrickdiichira hath~nehecua phuangphapphanlo~inay: -H~th6ngphanlo~inaykhongtheapd\lllgt6ngquatehomQitrubnghQ'P. H~th6ngphancAp(theolapb~m~t,lapdAtdu6i, dAtm~)khongtheapd\lllgeho caeviIngdAtnhi~td6inaimadAtduQ'ehinhth,anhtitrAtlaubaicaey~ut6d6il~p Mall, t~idaycaevi sinhv~tho~tdQngrAttichelJe.Cachphanlo~inaydingkhong philhQ'Pv6i viIngdAtphilsahayviIngdAtdongbangquanhnam. - H~th6rigphanlo~inaychiphilhQ'Pv6icaeviIngmaSlJphanb6mQtlo~i dAtlalient1,levatrairQng. De giaiquethath~ ehetren,eachtiepc~nm6itranhkhongsu d\lllgkhat ni~mt~pcaclo~idAtdinhnghlatru6c. 2.5.1Giciiphapcua FitzPatrick FitzPatrickduara khatni~mprofiledAtdlJatrencac lap dAtdinhnghIa tru6e.ProfileduQ'cxacdinhC\lthequaeongthuc.Trongcongthucthehi~ncaclap d~thamgiacAuthanhd~titb~m~txu6ngt6i tAngd~tm~,clingv6i dQdaycua chUngtinhtheedanvi laem.SaudaylamQtvi d\lv~congthuceuamQtprofile: Lt2Fm3HfiMosZo IOSq40Inso Trongdo: Lapd~tLt day2cm,Fmday3cm,...,In day50cm. 2.5.2Phan lo~ima Phanlo~inaydoMcBratneyvaDeGruijterd~nghivaonam1992.Haiong chor&ngmohinhphanlo~ithubng( d6ilc;liwyiphanloC;lima)chiphilhQ'Pv6iviIng d~tcoSlJphanb6caclo~idAtrQngvalient1,lc(hinh2.14b) Trang28 @ f"-. ~~ ~~ *, e. . . ~ '@':, .~ ~. ~ . .," :~A' . ":~:~',~ (a) (b) mob 2.14:a,Phfu1dOi;Ult6ttrongphanb6caclo~iddt, b.Phando~nyelltrongphanb6ddt,caclo~iddtn~mxenkeOOauh6ndQn. V6i cacvimgcoSlJphanb6khongt6t,caclo~iddtphanb6V\ll1v~t,n~mxen . kel~nOOauthiSlJphfu1lo~imacohi~uquahan.TrongthlJctecacvimgddtco phando~nyelllaph6bien,OOdtla(yOOUngvimgOOi~td6iOOunu6cta. McBratneyvaDe Gruijterchor~ng,ddt(ymQtvimgkhongOOdthietchi chuamQtlo~iddtduyOOdt,nocothSlat6hqpcuahanhailo~iddtkhacOOauv6i cacchis6khacOOau.Va OOuv~yS\lthayd6ilo~iddtill vimgnaysangvimgkhac setuyentlOOchukhongdUtquang(Slfthayadichixayra t(libien). Vai mQt~pcac lo~iddtchotru6cv6i cacthongs6di kern,McBratneyva DeGruijterchQnthu~ttoanFuzzyC-MeansdSphfu1lo~icaclo~iddtnaythaOOcac lap(class)(thamkhaophlj lljc 3, trang113).H~th6ngphfu1lo~inaydangduQ'cap d\lIlg(yDc.ACSS (theAustraylianIdentificationSpreadsheed)lamQtchuangtrinh chophepxacdiOOmQtlo~iddtC\lthSthuQcOOomnao.Vi~cphfu1OOomtrong ACSSduQ'cthlJchi~nOOusau.T~pcaclo~iddtvai cacthongs6duQ'cduavaoh~ th6ng,s6luQ'llgcaclapduQ'cacchuyengiacokiOOnghi~mxayd\lllg,Saudot~p caelo~iddtnayduQ'cphfu1laptheoth~ttoanC-mean.Ket quaphfu1lapchorac lapvac vectortrQngtamcuam6ilap.MQtdi€u thlivi la caclapnayduQ'cphan ciliardtcoy nghiav€ m~th6OOuOng.Nhuv~ytrongACSS coc lapddt.Khi OO~p caethongs6C\lthScuamQtlo~iddt,chuangtriOOsechobietlo~iddtnaythuQclo~i dfitnao,vaitrQngs6labaaOOieu. Trang29 2.6Me HiNHSOIL ---~ ,-" DayIi mohinhthShi~nquatrinhtinhtoan,thuth~pthongtinv6ddtdait~i mQtvi tri.N6tnilai chocauh6i,ddtt~imQtvi tri Ii nhuthenio, cacthongs6Iy h6acuan6rasaD.Thongtindfiuvio cuamohinhIi tQadQmQtvi tri trenb6m~t traid~t,thongtindfiuracuamohinhIi cacthongs6v6ddtdait~ivi trid6. Dinhnghla: R Ii mQtmi6ngiatri trongkhonggianR2(hayR\ D Ii mi6n giatricuamQthaynhi6uthongs6v6ddt.Tac6him: SM :R -7D duQ'cgQiIi mohinhsoiltrimtuqng. DayIi dinhnghlachungnhdt,t~im6i(mgd\mgC\lthSD c6thS Ii cacIo~i ddt,cacthongs6IyhoacuaddtnhudQchua,mfius~c... . MQtthShi~ncuamohinhIi band6phanb6ddt,trenband6thongtineua cacIo~iddtduQ'cthShi~n2 chi6utrengidy.Trongd6anhx~cacvimg2 chi6uR2, . t6'it~pcaeIo~iddtduQ'"intrenband6. Soil Model 1 J.iIIt84 0 e1:t. ::=..... t-':Tu.. 0 ....... .~i'.-- .... ()i.r! t Soil Infbrmalicm (a) (b) moh 2.15:(a).Mohinhsoil (a).Band6ddtIi mQth~hi~ncuamohinhsoil. 2.7 Me HiNH LANDSCAPE Trang30 Mo hinhm\ytni 1mchoCallh6i " cacthongs6v€ diahiOO~i mQt di€m 1aOOuth~nao".ThongtindfiuvaocuamohiOO1atadQmQtvi tritrenb€ m~t traidclt,thongtindfiuracuamohiOO1acacthongs6v€ diahiOOtC;livi trinay. DiOOnghia:R 1amQtmi€n giatritrongkhonggianR2(hay R3),L 1ami€n giatricuamQthayOOi€uthongs6v€ diahiOO(LANDSCAPE ).Tacoham: LM :R -7L duQ'cgQi1amohiOOLANDSCAPE trimtuqng. MQttrongOOUngth€ hi~nC\lth€ cuamohiOOtren1ah~th6ngthongtindia 1y.Trongh~th6ngnay,cacthongtindia1ytC;limQtvi tri duQ'ctroyvclnbaag6m: clans6,moitruang,tQadQ,dQcaD,dQd6c,hinhaM, .... (x,y) I~ Landscape Model 1 bndscape Jnfon11.1tion (a) (b) IDnh2.16:(a).MohiOOlandscape (b).H~th6ngthongtindia1y1amQth€ hi~ncuamohinhlandscape. 2.8Me HiNHSOIL LANDSCAPE Day1amohiOOsuydi~n.No suydi~ntrent~pthongtinv€ diahiOOd€ chora cacthongs6v€ dclt.No ITa1mchoCallh6i"n~udiahinhtC;limQtvi tri1aOOuth~nay thidcltC;livi tridococacthongs6OOuth~nao." Trang31 Dinhnghla:L himi~ngiatri chuacacthongtinv~diahinh(Landscape),D lami~ngiatrichuacacthongtinv~dfit(Soil).Tacoham: SM :L -7 D duQ'cgQilamohinhSOIL LANDSCAPE trimtuQ'llg. V6i mohinhsoil,khimu6nbi6tthongs6v~dfitt~imQtvi tri.Cachdangian nhfitlakhoanlfiym~udfitngayvi tri dongoaith1JCdia,r6idemm~uv~phongthi nghi~mphfultich.Tuynhiencachnayrfitt6nkernvakhongth1Jct6.Cachthuhaila tracuuband6dfit,xacdinhlo~idfitt~ivi trix,ytrenband6(x,ylatQadQcUavi tri cAnkhaosat),tracuucacthongs6v~dfitcholo~idfitvilaITatrenband6.Cachnay lacachdangduQ'csird\l11grQngrai.MQtCalih6id~tfa,n6umQtvimgchuacoban d6dfitthisaD?~K6thQ'Pmohinhlandscapevamohinhsoil_landscapechinhlacali traloi Xemhinh2.17. ~ l I I I Landscape : I , . I: Landscape Information I : Model : I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I : SoilMQ~t~L :~------------------------ Soil Information Hinh 2.17:Mo hinhSoilModelchuabentronglamohinhLandscapeva Soil_Landscape. Mo hinhsoiltronghinh2.17chuabentrongno2 mohinhlandscapevamo hinhsoil_landscape.T~ivi tri (x,y),mohinhlandscapechoracacthongtinv~dia hinh.CacthongtinnayladAtivaochomohinhsoil_landscape,mohinhsesuydi€n dechoracacthongtinv~dfitdai,dayclingchinhlamohinhsoilmalu~nvan sir d\lllg.