Marketing bán hàng - Chapter 4: Political environment

Chapter 4Political Environment Chapter OutlineMultiplicity of Political EnvironmentsTypes of Government: Political SystemsTypes of Government: Economic SystemsPolitical RisksPrivatizationChapter OutlineIndicators of Political InstabilityAnalysis of Political Risk or Country RiskManagement of Political RiskMeasures to Minimize Political RiskPolitical InsuranceTypes of Governments: Political Systems Absolutist (closed system) - dictatorships- absolute monarchies- communist countriesDemocracy (open system)parliamentary systemsmultiparty systemsTypes of Governments: Economic Systemsgovernment interference vs. market orientationpublic ownership vs. private ownershipCommunismSocialismCapitalism- Managerial Capitalism- Personal Capitalism- Cooperative Capitalism- Frontier CapitalismVariations of CapitalismState-guided capitalismOligarchic capitalismBig-firm capitalismEntrepreneurial capitalismResponsible Global CapitalismKarma capitalismPolitical RisksConfiscationExpropriationNationalizationDomestication and PrivatizationCreeping ExpropriationTerrorism and Kidnapping Measures to Minimize Political RisksStimulation of the Local Economy Employment of NationalsSharing OwnershipBeing Civic MindedPolitical NeutralityMeasures to Minimize Political RisksBehind-the-Scenes LobbyObservation of Political Mood and Reduction of ExposurePolitical InsuranceOther Measures