Nghiên cứu tiềm năng du lịch tự nhiên tỉnh Quảng Bình phục vụ sử dụng hợp lí tài nguyên thiên nhiên và bảo vệ môi trường

VIEN BIA i t - ^ " : E N KHOCN VIET NAM HOI B | A LY VIET NAM NGHIEN c u u TIEM NANG DU LICH TlT NHIEN TINH QUANG BINH PHUC VU SU DUNG HOP LY TAI NGUYEN THIEN NHIEN VA BAO VE MOI TRUONG Truong Thj Tir SUMMARY Quang Binh is a centred coasted province of Viet Nam. In recent years, much atlenlion has been paid lo this province wilh un uini to develop natural tourism. Inficicl, its tourism polenlial hasn 7 exploded efifiecllvely. On the other hand, developing tourism musl be associated wilh protecting its nature cmd environment. Due lo researching the Quangbinh 's natural tourism polenliul. the article offers some orienlalions to develop lourism based on using natural resources reasonably and protecting environment. LDAT VANDE Quang Binh la mgt tinh cd dieu kien tu nliie:n tuong ddi khac nghiet, hau nhu nam ndo Quang Binh cung deu chju dnh lurdng ciia cac hien tugng thdi tiet bat lgi nlur: bao, lu kit, gid mua ddng bae, dac biet Id gid miia lay nam khd ndng. The nhung ed the thay Qudng Binh la medt trong nhfrng tinh ven bien mien Trung cua nude ta ed nhieu tiem ndng de phdt trien Du ljch. Trudc day Qudng Binh Id mgt tinh ngheo, kinh te - xa hdi cdn nhieu khd khan va la manh dal ma mgi ngudi biet den chi vdi gid Ldo va cat trang, tbi nay Qudng Binh da gan lien vdi nhfrng danh thang nhu Phong Nha- Ke Bdng, bai bien Nhat Le, Sun Spa Resort, sudi Bang, vting Chua, ddo Yen... Flien nay Qudng Binh dang tap trung dau lu de dua Du Ijch trd tbaiih mdt ngdnh kinh te mfii nhgn, day la mdt trong nhfrng djnh hudng quan trgng ciia chien luge phdt trien kinh tc tinh Quang Binb den nam 2020. Trong nhung nam gan day, Qudng Binh efmg da dugc trung uong va dja phuong quan tam dau tu phdt trien Du ljch. Cd nhieu dc tdi, du an nghien ciru ve eac van de dac diem dja ly tir nhien hien dai cua mdt sd tdi nguyen Du Ijch, nham ddt co' sd khoa hgc cho viec khai thdc cdc tiem nang Du ljch ndy. Song de phat trien Du ljch ben vfrng. lau ddi thi viec nghien cuu mgt cdch cd be: llidng vd loan dien ve dieu kien tir nhien, ldi nguyen Du ljch tu nhicn Qudng Binh Id dic;u hiit sire quan trgng vd can thiet. Trong khudn khd mdt bdi bdo, cluing tdi ldng hgp, phan tich, danh gia lai mdt cdch tdng quat, cd he thdng ve tiem nang Du ljch tir nhien cua Quang Binb. Nham'dua ra nhirng djnh hudng va giai phap phdt trie:n Du ljch tren ca sd sir dung hgp ly tai nguyen thien nhien va bao ve mdi trudng eiia vimg dat nay. 2. PHAN TICH TIEM NANG, THE MANH DU LICH TlT NHIEN QUANG BINH. 2.1. Vj tri dja ly, pham vi lanh thd Quang Binh ndm d phia Ddng ciia ddy Trudng So'n, keo dai tir 17005'02" den 18005'12'" vT ded Bdc vd tir 105036'55" din 106059'37"' kinh do Ddng. Phia bdc gidp Ha TTnh ranh gidi la deo Ngang ddi 136.5 km. phia nam giap Quang Trj ranh gidi ddi Dgi hoc Ouang Binh 1378 Hdi ng-hi Klioa hgc Dia ly Todn ejud'c ldn tb&S - Hd Ndi, 2010 VIEH DIA LY - VIEN KHOCN VIET NA?I HOI DIA LY VEET NAM 78,8 km, phia Tay gidp tinh Kbdm mudn (nude Ldo) cd bien gidi ddi 201,9 km \d phia ddng gidp bien Ddng vdi dirdng bd bien ddi lion 116 km. Qudng Binh thucdc Bdc Trung Bg, nam d nai cd be ngang hep nhdt nirdc ta, tai Ddng Hdi chilu rdng lu Ddng sang Tay chua ddy 50 km. Qudng Binh cd die;n tich viing thim luc dja bo'n 20 nghin km2 va ngodi khoi cd 5 hdn ddo Id Hdn La, hdn Ncdm, bdn Gid, Hdn Cd va hdn Vung Chiia. Qudng Binh cd dien tich lu nhii:n Id 8.065 km2, dan sd trung binh nam 2008 Id 857.818 ngudi vdi mat do trung binh 106 ngu'di/km2. Hien nay Quang Binh cd 1 thdnh phd la Ddng Hdi, 6 huyen, 141 xa, 8 phudng vd 10 thj trdn [5]. Ve mat tu nhien, Qudng Binh nam trong ddi kien tao Bac Trudng San, phia Tdy la day Trudng Son an ngfr, phia Ddng la ddi ddng bang nhd hep va nhfrng day edn eat chay dgc bd bien. Vugt qua deo Ngang, linh chdl lanh cd phan gidm siit, Qudng Binh chju anh lurdng ciia gid miia chi tuyi:n khdng cd miia ddng lanb va khd rd ret, vdi lugng nhiet va am ddi ddo. Vj tri nay da quyet djnh den sir thdnh tao cac yeu td tu nhien vd tdi nguyen thien nhien tinh Qudng Binh. Tao nhieu dieu kien thuan lgi cho Quang Binh trong viec phat trien kinh te xa hdi ndi cluing vd boat ddng Du ljch ndi rieng. Quang Binh cd the phat trit;n da dang eac loai hinh giao thdng van tai, Quang Binh cd dudng Qudc Id lA, dudng sat Bdc - Nam, dudng Fid Chi Minh chay ngang qua; Q vj tri ven bien, Qudng Binh ed the xay dung cac cang (cang Gianh, cang Hdn La) phat trien giao thdng dudng bien; xdy dung cang hang khdng. Q phia tay, ed cac ciia khau Cha Lo, Ca Roong sang nude ban Lao va cac nude lang gieng tao dieu kien md rdng cac mdi quan be hgp lac vdi cae nude trong khu vuc, d day cd the xay dung cac khu kinh te thuong mai thu hiit khdch Du ljch mua sam, trao cldi hang hda. Dac biet vdi dudng bd bien ddi hon 1 16 km, Quang Binh cd the manh ldn de phat trien nhieu loai hinh Du ljch bien vdi nhfrng bai tdm dep, bang phang, khu vui choi gidi tri va khu nghi duong ven bien. Mat kbdc, nam tren "eon dudng di sdn Mien Trung", Quang Binh cd nhieu dieu kien thuan Igi de bdi nhap vd |)hat trien Du ljch, dua Du Ijch trd thanh the manh trong nen kinh te. 2.2. Ve dja chat Theo nhieu tai lieu nghien cuu cua Cue dja chat va khoang san Viet nam tbi lanh tho Quang Binh thugc ddi Long Dai va mdt phan ddi Hoanh San. Ddi Long Dai nam ve phia nam dirt gay Rao Nay cho den Rao Quan - Khe Sanh thugc tinh Qudng Trj, phia tay keo sang tan Lao, chiem phan ldn dien tich lanh thd Quang Binh. Bd phan thugc ddi Hoanh San ndm d phia bac dirt gay Rao Nay, chiem mgt dien tich nhd. Phia ddng Id cac sut vdng Kaindzdi tren nen mdng cau triic ciia 2 ddi Hoanh San va Long Dai gdm ddng bdng Ba Ddn, Le Thiiy, lain gide chau eira sdng Nhat Le [6]. Tren co' sd nghien ciru thdnh phan thach bge, quy luat phan bd, mdi quan he dja tdng, boat ddng mac ma cho thay khdi nui dd vdi Phong Nha-Ke Bang cd tren 400 trieu nam tudi nay cd tram tich ehii yeu la Caebonat tudi tir Devon thirgng di;n Peemi, phirc tap ve ca dja tang va can tnie, efmg nhu ddc diem thach hgc [6]. Tren ca sd dilu kien thuan Igi ve dja chat kien tao, dac diem thach hgc, dudi tac ddng ciia dieu kien khi hau, d day da dien ra qua trinh Karst triet de, tao nen su da dang ciia dja hinh cung nhu cac canh quan thien nhien khac. ^"lEN DIA L t - VEEtit KHOCN VIET KAM HOI DIA LY VIET NAM Cdu true dia chat va dac diem thach hgc Id mdl trong nhung yen td nen tang, luiuyen nhdn tao nen su da dang cua cdc dang dja hinh-dja mao, mang ludi tluiy van vd tinh ky ihii cua cdc dang dja binh hang ddng. Ddi vdi Quang Binh, dac diem dja chat khdi niii da \di Phong Nha-Ke: bdng vd dja chat hang ddng lien quan true licp den phat triln Du ljch. Day la ingt trong nhfrng khu vuc dugc dua vdo khai thdc dt; phdt trii:n nhilu loai binh Du ljch d Qudng Binh, gan day edc nhd dja chat dang quan ldm nghien ciru de xay dung Cdng \ ic;n dja dial o Phong Nha-Ke Bdng, mcdt trong nhfrng thi; manh Du ljch it noi cd dugc. 2.3. Ve dia hinh Quang Binh cd xu hudng ihap ddn tir tdy sang ddng. Phia ta\' clui yeu Id nui trung binh \d luii thap chicm tdi 85% dien tich loan tinh, phan ddng bang nhd lie:p d phia dong chi chiiiin khodng 1 5%. Ve mat cdu Iriic. dja hinh Qii'i'ig I^hdi cd the phan chia thdnh 4 khu \ uc: \'iing mii o phia tdy: Bao gdm cdc luii trung binh vd luii thdp. cd do cao tu 250m dc;n I500ni, chiem khoang 65%o dic;n tich lanh thd. thap dan tu lay sang ddng vd tii' bae \'do nam. Trong dd. mii cao lu 500m den 600ni chiem phan Idn, cau tao clui yeu bdi cdc dd bien chat, dd phien, cd hinh thdi dudng chia nude mem mai, sudn thoai. Cac dinh mii cd do cao tren 1000m nlur: U Bd, Ba Ren, mii Thii Lii, Cd Roong, Cd Pru. ...thudng eau tao bdi dd xam nhap. dudng chia nude phirc lap, dinh nhgn, sudn ddc. Mdl sd dinh cao tren 1500m nlur: Phu Cd Pi (2058ni) \'d dinh Cdta Rum (1623m). Day Id khu virc ccin ton tai rirng ngu)'eii sinh. Ddc bii;l. trong \'img cd cdc dang dja hinh cacxto phdn bd rdng \'d'i khdi mii dd vdi Khe Ngang - Ke Bdng do cao trung binh 700 - 800ni. ihap ddn lu nam ra bac va lir lay sang ddng, nam sal bien gidi Viet - Lao, trong Idng chua dung tren 300 hang ddng ldn nhd cd gid trj hdng dau the gidi [6]. Q day he thdng sdng ngam rat phdt trien lao nen cdc hang dgng ddi \ d dcp. nhu ddng Phong Nba cd chieu ddi gan 8kin. hang \'dm 15km. hang 'Fdi cd chieu ddi hon 5km, hang Thung 335 Im. hang Tien (Ong 2500m...Hiidn nay, d khu vuc ndy dang duge pludt hien them nbieu hang ddng mdi nlur: Son Ddong, Tii Lan, Td Mg,...Vud'ii Qudc gia Phong Nha-Ke Bdng dd duge cdng nhdn la Di san thien nhicn the gidi nam 2003. Vimg ddi Irung du: Ld khu vuc chuven licp cua vimg nui phia la\' vd ddi ddng ven bien, Cliicdm khodng 20% die}n licli ldnh thd. cd did cao tir 50m den 250ni. Phdn bd rdng khdp cdc huyen, dgc theo cdc thung lung sdng. Cdu tao chii yen bdi edc tram tich luc nguyen. da bien chat. Chju tdc dgng manh cua qua trinh bao mdn-rira trdi nen cd dang cac ddi hoac day ddi mem mai. ]'inig ddng bdng duyen hai: Nam trung thdp o' gifra. cd do cao ttr 15m trd xudng. Chicm chung 1 1% dien tich ldnh thd. phan bd clui yeu d cac huven Le Tluiy, Qudng Ninh. Ddng Hdi, Bd Trach vd Quang 1 rach. Cd ngudn gdc mdi mdn-bdi tu sdng, sdng- bien. Dugc bdi dap bdi phii sa sdng Gianh. song Kien Giang, sdng Ly llda, sdng Dinh, sdng Rdon. Dui can cdi ven bien: Kc;o ddi Ur chdn deo Ngang (Quang Trach) den Mui Lay (Lc: 'Fhu>) cd chieu ddi ban 1 16 km. chicm khoang 4% die:n tich tir nhien cua Tmh. lap trung nhic;ti nhdt a 2 huyen phia nam la Quang Ninh \'d Le Tluiv. Dai cdn cdt nd} cd do cao Ul 2-3m den 30-40nu chitm rdng co noi lc;n ldi 7km (Qudng Ninh). Ddy cung Id nludng klui \ irc cd canh dcp, ddc sdc, Cdc con cdt co did ddc ldn, ihudng xdy ra cdc hie;n 1380 Hdi nghi Klioa hgc Dia ly Todn qud'c ldn th&S - Hd Ndi. 2010 VIEW DIA LY - VIE?'! KHBCN VIET NAM HOI DIA LY VIET NAM tugng cdt bay, cdt chay ldn chiem ddng rugng. ldng mac, dirdng giao thdng gay nhieii khd khan cho sdn xudl vd sinh boat cua ngirdi ddn noi day. 0 gdn khu \ uc ede cua sdng cdn ed cdc bau, tram, ddm phd nude Ig khdng chi de; nudi trdng eac loai thuy sdn, nui cdn Id noi phdt Irien cdc djch vu dn udng, tlurdng thiic dac sdn phuc vu du Ijch. O ven bien, cdc bdi edl ddi. bdng phdng nlur Qudng Ddng, Da Nhdy, Quang Phu, Nhat Le, Hai Ninh, Ngu Flda, Sen Fbuy...chay dgc theo bd bii;n la nhung cdnh quan dep, ed the: thu bin khdch du Ijeh. Cdc hdn ddo ngodi khoi nhu Fldn La, Vung Chtia. Ddo Chim.. . Id nhung noi thudn Igi cho du Iich kbdm phd bic;n, ddo, du Ijch sinh thdi. nghi ngo'i. 2.4. Ve khi hau: Qudng Binh cd dicu kien khi hdu mang sac thai chung ciia khi hau cac tinh Trung Bd vd nam trong khu vuc khi hdu mang linh chat chuyen tiep gifra hai inie:n khi hau mien Bac va khi hau Ddng Trudng Son, dong thai chju anh hudng sdu sac cua bic;n. Ddc dic;in khi hau d day Id khi hdu mang linh nhiet ddi gid nuia, cd miia ha khd ndng chju anh budng ciia gid iniia Tdy Nam vd mua ddng lanh am chju dnh hudng ciia gid miia Ddng Bac. Miia mua chdm ve; thu ddng vd thudng chju anh hudng ciia cac nhieu ddng nlur: gid miia Ddng Bdc, bdo, dp ihdp nhiet ddi, ddi hdi tu ndi chi tuyen...gay mua ldn, Ifi lui. Trong khi dd miia ha d ddy lluriing khd, ndng do dnh hudng ciia gid miia Tay Nam, ddi kbi xay ra linh trang thieu nude vd khd ban tram trgng gay ra nhieu thiet hai cho sdn xuat va ddi sdng con ngudi. Qudng Binh cd iie:n iiliicl luong ddi eao, tdng nhiet ded boat ddng trong ndm d Qudng Binh dat tu 8000-8500"C, nhiet do trung binh dat tu 24 ~ 25"C, bien do nhiet nam tir 6-7'C, d mien mii cd bien do nhiel cao hon d viing ddng bang vd ven bien. Nhfrng ngdy cd gid lay khd ndng, nhiet do eao nhat cd kbi len tdi 4l''C. Khi cd khdng khi lanh Iran vc vdi cudng do manh, nhiet do ed khi xudng thdp dudi 10 C. Che do nhiet cd sir phan hod phuc tap theo do cao dja hinh, tir ddng sang tdy vd tir bae vdo nam. Q day cd lugng mua khd phong plui, krgng mua trung binh hang nam dat 2100mm, phdn bd khdng deu trong ndm. Ba thdng cd krgng nura ldn nhdt trong nam Id thdng 9, 10 vd 11 chiem gan 65%o lugng mua cd nam, trong dd thang 10 cd krgng mua ldn nhdt. thudng dal tu 500-600min. cd biet cd nludng ngdy nura bao lugng mua do dirge tdi 400nim. Ba thdng ed krgng nura thdp nhdl Id Ihdng 2, 3 va 4, lugng nura mdi thang chi tir30-50mm [3]. Khi bail Id loai ldi nguyen du ljch da dang, dugc khai thdc de phuc vu cho nbieu mue dich du Ijeh khac nbau. Khi hdu cung Id dieu kien tu nhicn anh huong true tiep den viec trien khai ede boat ddng du Ijch, quy djnh linh chdt miia vu trong boat ddng du ljch. Khi ban Quang Binh khdng thudn lgi nhieu cho boat ddng Du Ijch va quy djnh rat ldn tinb niiia vu cua cac boat dcdng Du Ijeh. Hang nam Qudng Binh chi ddn dugc khach den tham vdo nhfrng thdng khdng cd nura lfr(tir thang 2 den thdng 9 hdng nam), vdo iniia he Qudng Binh la nai nghi ngoi vd lain bien ly tudng ciia du khdch. Ben canh dd khi ban Qudng Binb tao dieu kien thudn Igi cho ngudn sinh vat phdt trien phong phu, da dang, nhu Vudn Qudc gia Phong Nha - Ke Bdng. 2.5. Vc thuy viin: Sdng ngdi: So vdi cd nu'de Quang Binh cd mang ludi sdng ngdi kha day dac, mat do trung binh dat 1,1 km/knr va phdn bd khdng ddng deu, d phia lay day dac hon so Hdi nehi Khoa hoc Dia ly Toan qud'c lan thd5 - Ha Ndi , 2010 13S1 VIEN DIA LY - VIEN KHOCN VIET NAM HOI DIA LY VIET NAM vdi VLing N'en bien. Do dja binb cd sir tuong phdn. hep be ngang nen sdng ngdi d day ngdn, ddc, hdm lugng phii sa khdng Idn lam. Sdng ngdi d dd)' cd ngudn nude kha phong phu do mua \k nude ngam cung cap. Cbl do nude sdng ngdi hoan loan phii hgp \6'\ khi ban mien Ddng Tnrdng San, cd mdt miia lii tuong irng vdi miia nura va mcdt miia can tuong ung vdi miia khd, ngoai ra cdn cd mdt lu lieu man vao thang 5 do mua ciia ddi hdi tu ndi chi tuyen. Miia lu lugng ddng chav chiem tir 70 den 80% lugng nude ca nam, dinh Ifi xuat bien vao thang 9 thang 10, cd biel cd dinh lu tie:u man vdo thdng 5. Miia can lugng ddng chdy chicm 20 den 30% ca nam, keo ddi 8, 9 thdng. cd khi len tdi 10 thdng trong nam, kiet nhat Id vdo thdng 6. thang 7 [3]. Quang Binh ed 5 eon sdng ldn Id sdng Rdon, sdng Gianh, sdng Ly Flda, sdng Dinh va sdng Nhat Le. Cac sdng d Qudng Binh gan vdi cdc boat dgng le hdi, dac biet Ic hgi dua thuven tren sdng Nhat Le, sdng Gianh; du tlui}'en ngam trang nghe bdt hd khoan Le Thuy... cfing cd sire hdp ddn khdch du ljch. Hd: Quang Binh ed nhieu hd, niurng ehi cd mdt sd hd cd phong cdnh de;p, cd khd ndng khai thdc du Ijch sinh thdi, cheo thuyen, boi ldi nhu: An Ma, Phii vinh. Cam Ly, Vue Trdn, Tien Lang, Bdu Trd, Bau Sen. Day efing la nhung noi md du khdch cd the den de thudng thuc cdc mdn an ddc sdn dugc nudi trdng tai did. Ngudn nude khodng: Quang Binh cd mdt sd md nude khoang, song khdng nhieu. Hien nay mdi phat hien duge 4 dicm (Nd Bd, Dcdng Ngan, sdng Trode, Khe Bang), do khoang hda cao, nhiet do trung binh 40-60"C. Ngudn nude khoang Khe Bang thugc loai sulfua hydro, nude khdng mdu, khdng vj, trong sudt, cd miii ITS, do pH= 6, nhiet ded dat tren 100"C da dugc khai thdc, ddng chai dua vao sir dung tii' nhieu nam nay. Hien tinh Quang Binb dang tiep tuc trien khai ddu tu xay dung khu Du ljch nghi dudng vd phuc hdi chuc nang sudi nude ndng Bang, Le Tbu\' vdi quy ind gan 500.000 in". Trai vdi sir khan hiem cua iiudc tren mat d ven bien Quang Binh, ngudn lurdc ngdm d day lai khd phong pbii vd dn djnh. Muc nude ngam d chan cae cdn cat va cae bai cat kha ndng, chi chung 30-40cm. Cac gieng dao cd rat nhieu nude, quanh nam khdng can. nude ed chat hrgng tdt dugc dung cho sinh boat va san xuat. day efuig Id ngudn nude nggt ddm bdo phuc vu khdch du ljch den nghi ngoi, tam bien. 2.5. Ve sinh vat: Hien nay d Quang Binh tdng dien lieh ddt cd rirng chiem khoang 66,5% dien tich tu nhien loan tinh. Trong dd rirng tu nhien ehiidm chirng 85%o. cdn 15%o la rirng trdng [5]. Vdi vj tri dja ly vd cac dieu kien tu nhic;n nhu tren thi Quang Binh dugc xem la mdt phan ciia khu vuc giao kru cdc ludng sinh vdt 2 mien Nam, Bac. Qua cac ket qua dieu tra cho thay thdm thuc vat tir nhicn qudng Binh rat da dang, phong phii ve kieu loai. Cd tren 80 hg va 400 lodi cay lay gd, trong dd cd nhieu loai gd quy nhu: Lim xanh. Sen, Tau, Dinh, Gu, Pamu,...[6]. He ddng vat d day cfing rat phong plui. Tai Vudn Qudc Gia Phong Nha-Ki; Bdng cdn rdt nhilu lodi dac huu quy hiim. Quang Binh cd ngudn lgi thuy san vdi trfr lugng tuong ddi Idn vd phong phii ve lodi. cd nhieu lodi hdi sdn quy hiem. da\' Id mgt ngudn dae sdn Idn de; phuc \u khdch du ljch. 1382 jjpj no-hi Khoa hgc Dia ly Toan ejud'c ldn th&3 - Hd Ndi, 2010 VIEN DIA LY - VIEN KHOCN VIET NAM HOI BIA LY VIET NAM Thdm thuc vat tu nhic;n d day gdm rung Id rdng nhiet cldi am thudng xanh d dcd cao dudi 800m, rirng Id rdng d nhiet ddi dm thudng xanh tii' do cao tir 800 den 1700m, rung bdn giao dn dcdi dm d do cao tren 1 700in, tren ddt cat cd rirng thdp vdi cay la cung thich ung khd ban; vung ven bien ed rirng ngap man phan bd d edc cira sdng. Flien nay dudi tac ddng khai pha ciia con ngudi cae loai rirng nguyen sinh da bj tan pha, thay the vao dd la cac kieu rirng thir sinh nhu tre, nira, trdng ed thii' sinh, cay bui thir sinh, thuc vat trdng nhu kia, boa mdu, rirng trdng, cay cdng nghiep, cay an qud... Nhieu vung rirng da bj khai tbdc can kiet bien thdnh ddt trdng ddi trgc. Dae biet Qudng binh cdn lai mdt phdn rung nguyen sinh viing nui phia Tay, trong dd Vudn Qudc gia Phong Nha - Ke Bdng la mdt trong nhfrng khu rirng nguyen sinh quy hiem d Viet Nam cd he thdng ddng thuc vat da dang va ddc dao vdi nhieu ngudn gen quy hiem. Vudn Qudc gia Phong Nha - Kc: Bang dirge cdng nhan la di san thien nhien thi gidi cd dien tich 85.754 ha, did che phu dat 93,8%), ed khoang 1103 loai thue vat vd nhieu lodi ddng vat quy hiem. Ddy Id ldi sdn vd gia eua tbien nhien ban lang cho Quang Binh dl phat triln nhilu loai hinh Du ljch hdp ddn ed gia trj nhu: Leo mii, mao hiem, sinh thai, hang dgng, ... Vdi nhiing dieu kien lu nhien vd lui nguyen thien nhien ke tren cho thdy Qudng Binh CO nhirng the manh lu nhien nhdl dinh de sir dung vd phdt trien Du Iich ben vimg, Idu ddi neu co nhimg bien phdp khai ihdc, su dung hap ly. Khu vue doi nui da vdi d phia Tay, dac biet la khdi niii da vdi Phong Nha - Ke Bang la noi chira dung tiem ndng Du Ijeh tu nhicn rat ldn ve ca gia trj dja chat - dja mao, dja hinh, tbiiy van, sinh vdt. Quan the ban 300 hang ddng phong phii, ky vy d day van cdn nhieu bi an chua dugc kham phd hit. Ciing vdi hid thdng hang ddng ky dieu la cac sdng ngam va hd nude ngdm soi bdng thach nhu trdng le va ky do. Day qua that la "thien dudng" cho cac nha khoa hgc kbdm pha, tham hiem vd khdch du Ijch. La mdt nai dien hinh ciia qua trinh dja chat thanh tao cac dang dja hinh Caexta. Hdng chuc dinh mii cao tren l.OOOin, hiem trd chua cd vet chan ngudi la nai hap din cho cac nha the thao leo mii, du ljch mao hiem, kham pha. Rirng nguyen sinh ed do die plui ldn. tinh da dang sinh hgc cao, phong phii ve thuc vat, ddng vat vdi nhieu loai dae huu quy hiem; cdc ngudn sdng sudi cd phong canh dep nhu Sudi Mgoe, sdng Chdy, rung Gdo, thdc Gid... day la tiem nang ldn de phdt triln cae tuyln du ljch sinh thdi, nghi ngoi, ngam cdnh, tan hudng khdng khi trong ldnh cua thien nhien hoang da. Cach Ddng IkVi 60kin ve phia nam Id sudi nude ndng Bang, Le Thiiy. Day Id ngudn nude duy nhat d nude ta sdi d nhiet dcd 105 C. Ciing vdi viec nghi dudng, chua benh, du ljch sinh thdi, sudi nirdc khoang Bang edn la ngudn nude khoang dugc khai thac lam nude giai khdt cd gid trj. Q phia tay cdn cd nggn nui dd vdi Than Dinh la no'i kha ddc dao, rirng d day cdn nguyen sinh, cay cdi uin linn, ket hgp vdi mdt sd hang ddng tren dinh mii va su linh thien" ciia den chiia, d day cd khd ndng khai thac du Ijch tam linh, du Ijch sinh thai. Quang Binh cd mcdt sd hd nam gifra vimg ddi mii cd phong canh dep nhu hd .\n Ma, Cam Ly, Phii Vinh, Vuc Trdn, Vuc Ndi. Hd Tien Lang...ed the sir dung de dao Hoi nghi Khoa hgc Dia ly Toan cjudc lan thu'5 - Ha Ndi, 2010 1383 VIEN DIA L t - VIEN KHOCN VIET NAM HOI DIA L t VIET NAM choi, ngdiii canh. CIKO lhu_vc:n. boi lgi. ludt \'dn, can cd. Ddy ciing Id nhfrng diem du Iich cd sue hap ddn ddi \di du khdch cho nhung ngd\ nghi ngdn cudi ludn. Khu \ i,rc Qtidnli cdch Ddng lidi 7km xe phia ld_\' cfiiig Id nidi dja diCiii du Iich sinh thdi ddc dao cua Quang Binh. Dgc theo bd bic:n Quang Binh Id nhfrng bdi eat ddi. bang phang hinh thdnh lu-n nhieu bdi lam dc;p nlur: Ly I lod. Quang Phii. Nhdt Le. Bdo Ninh, Vd Ninh, Ngir I hu\. thu but khach du Iich vdo miia ndng ndng. N'ling \en bien liiiiTC licit phdi ke den Vfrng Cluia-Dao d en, ndm dudi chdn Deo Ngang ndi tieng Mvi nhfrng bdi bien sach. dep. vjnh ntrde sdu I ldn La. Dao Chim. canh sac ludi hda llur mgng. Id mdt dicm du ljch bic;ii 1_\' ludng. \'cn Qudc Id lA, \'iing luii-bicn Ly Hda (Bd Trach) cd non cao, bien rdng. cdt trdng, duong xanh. phong cdnh hfru linh. Bdi bien Dd Nlid\ Id noi du ljch nghi mdt. tdm bien l\ tlui \di nludng bai da kic ndo cung cd sdng trdng. Bdi bidi Nhdl Le. Quang Plui. Bdo Ninh Id mdt cum du Ijcb bicii thu luit khdch du Iich nelu nt:c '^i. lam bie;n trong miia he. Q ddy cd Ihc xdy dung cdc khu ngin dudng. dn ljch sinh lluii. \'iii clioi giai tri, the; thao....kc;l hgp gifra vimg ddi cdt. bidi. sdng. hd \d nludng rirng cdv \en bien. Bien Nhdt Lc. ldng Bdo Ninh. khu nghi mat cao cdp Stinspa Resort dang llurc si,r Id diem dc;n hap dan cua khdch du ljch. Ngodi nludng Item ndng ldn ve du Iich tu nhien, (dudng Binh cdn cluia dung ca he; di licli ljch su van hda cd gid trj qua nhic;u ihcdi dai, ddc bii;l ddi "ducdng Lrirdng son lui)en thoai"". Dd) cung Id mgt liem ndng du ljch ldn. ke;t hgp de; ndng cao gid Irj cdc liem ndng lir nhicn cua Du ljch Qudng Binh. III. MOT SO DjNH HUONG PHAT TRIEN DU LjCII TREN CO SO SU' DUNG HOP LY DIEU KIEN TU NHIEN VA TAI NGUYEN TINH QUANG B I N H . Hidi lUi) Qudng Binb da khai thdc, su dung mdl sd tiem ndng lir iihie;n de phdt trie;!! Du Ijch, mdt sd kbdc dang bat ddu khai thdc, cdn mdl phdn tiCnn an van chua dugc khai thdc, tre;n ihuc le boat ddng Du ljch Qudng Binh van cdn chua tuang xung vdi tiem ndng cua \img \d lliic;ii bcii vfrng | 1]. Du Hch (duang Binh nidi chi tap trung a Vudn Quoc Gia Phong Nha Ke Bdng vd bien Nludl Lc;. Du khdch den Qudng Binh dui yciti dc tham quan dcdng Phong Nha, nghi ngoi \d tdm bien Nhat L.e. Tai Vudn Quijc gia Phong Nha - Ke Bang boat ddng Du ljch chinh Id tham quan mdl sd hang ddng da dugc kbdm plui, vdo nuia he; khdch du ljch CO the; tham gia mgt sd tiiye;n du lieh sinh thdi da diiiTC khai tbdc trong Vudn Qudc Gia Phong Nha-Ke bang nhu: Sudi nude Mgoc, rung Gdo, tbdc Gid...Bien Nhat Le- Quang Phil. Bdo Ninh, khu nghi mdl eao cap Sunspa Resort Id trung lain du ljch thir hai cua Qudng Binh dang thu but mdt lugng khdch du Ijeh tuong dc^ ii ddng dao, nhdt Id vc nuia he. 4"roiig nludng ndm gan ddy, Qudng Binh cfing dd cd nhfrng boat ddng xuc lien, qudng bd du ljch thu luit khdch trong vd ngodi nucdc, lang cudng dau Ur cho co so ha ldng. mdt sd dir dn da duge khdi cdng xdy dung. Iugt klidcli din tham quan vd long doanh thu tir cdc boat dgng du Iich ldng ldn. Ndm 2008 cd 670.000 Iugt khdch den Quang Binh tdng 12% so vdi ndm 2007. trong do khdcb qudc le Id 35.000 Itm'l tdng •^^ "^^ Hdi ng-hi Khoa hgc Dia ly Todn qud'c ldn th&S - Hd Ndi, 2010 VIEN DIA L t • VIEN KHOCN VIET NAM HGI DIA L t VIET NAM 5l'";j . long doanh thu cac lioat di)ng du licli dal 370 [y dong. ldng 26"'o so \ a i ndm 2007 I 1 j , Ngdnh Du lidi (^iiiaiig Binh dd co nludng btrcdc cluiyi;n bien J:ing ke:. Song \ iec khai thdc licim ndng du ljch cdn ihiclui qu)- hoach lodn dien. Cdic tuven, die;m. cum du Ijdi con boat dgng ilge ld[i, ihicti sir ttreuig tdc hd IrcT tao thdnh sir lien hodn. \ u'lig elide trong long the tai ngi!)c:n \ a mdi Irtnvng itr nliicin eua ldnh thd. Vie;c l^hai tbdc ldi ngu)'en du lidi dura gdn vcVi \ iee gid giu. bao ve ngudn tdi ngu\e;n thidn nhien nhtr: tha)' tloi dja hinh, d ia l phd cd) cdi, khai thdc rirng, Udng rua trdi \d xdi mdn ddt \ 'dn de d nliic;ni mdi t rudng ddt, nude, khdng khi do xdy dtrng, rdc thai cua khdch du lidi cdn chua dugc xu ly Iriel de, ddc biet Id d edc khu vuc bd bic:n, kbu du ljch sinh lluii, dd ngoai, nghi dircdng... Yen td tdi nguyen \d mdi Irtrcdng Id qii)e;t djnh song cdn ddi \cVi boat dgng du Ijdi, 1 loat dgng du lidi khdng nhfrng cd tdc dgng den tdi ngii)-di vd mdi trtrd'iig ttr nhien md cdn tdc dgng den ea cdc tdi nguven \d mdi trucdng nhdn \aii . riiirc Iraiig trdi d io llid) van de su iliing hop ly ngudn ldi ngii)cn du Ijeh ttr nhicn \'d bao \ e mdi trucdng du lidi cT (,)uang Binh cdn dugc tiep luc nghien cuu mdl cdch todn dien. Vdn dc khai thac ldi ngii)e'n du lidi phai di ddi \ cii \ ice sir dung hcrp ly ldi ngu)cn vd bao \'c; mdi li'trevng. phai ddt nd Irong ldng the; pluil trien cua nen kinh lc; \d trong be; thdng tdi ng iuen thien nhicn, mdi tru'cTiig tinh Qudng Binh. Mcdt sd djnh liucVng t rong phat triC'u Du Iich Q u a n g Binh de sir dung h o p Iy ngudn tai iignycMi thien nhien \a bao vc nidi trucrng la: 1, Li'di CO' SO' qti) hoach tdng the cua nen kinh te xd luii linh Quang Bnili. Irticic hc't cdn bd sung vd hodn chmh (^)u) hoach tdng the; phdt trien ngdnh \)n Ijdi man tmh: ben canh dd mdi lu)cn . diem, ciinli du lidi cdn cd nhfrng quy hoacli rieng ed tinh loan den sue cluia cua tiing khu. tii)en. ciim. dicm du ljch dc; cd mot qu)' hoach hop ly, Cdn du i y dcMi he thdng ihu gom. xu I) rac. lurcic thai lai tcrng khu. luyen, d idn du Iich. 2, Clui trgng vicic ung dimg \d phdt trien cdng nghe; thong tin trong phdt trien du Iich; xdy dting he llidng co' so' did lieu \e; LIU Iich: tao dieu kien dc; cdc lo cluic ca nhdn \d ldp tin; lluim gia nghien cuu \d ung dung lien bd khoa hgc cdng nghe; \do hoat dgng du Ijdi. I dug cirdng lurp tdc irong \d ngodi lurcVc. tiep can \o i cdc thanh tuu cdng nghe du ljch mdi. licin ticin. hien dai tren the; gidi nlur: cdng nghe xanh trong Ju lidi. du lidi sinh ihdi,,.nhdm giam thieu d nhiem nidi truiuig \'d lieil kiem ndng lirerng. giu gin cac ngudn tdi ngu)en dia chdl. dia nuio. sinh \dt. ngudn luieVc phuc vu Ju ljch, Nghien cdu ddnh gia tdc dgng mdi truong ddi vdi cdc e:ltr an phat trien Ju lidi nhdm cd si^ r nhin nhdn todn diJii \ e nlifing tac Jong cua Ju ljch Jen ldi ngti)en nioi ti'irii'iig \d'i sir tham gi;i cua cgng Jdng CT Jia phirang. cd nlui'iig iliou d imh phu hgp Jc ban che; tdi Ja nludng tdc dgng lic:u circ den tdi ngu)en \d mdi irudng. nhdt la nhfrng noi da dua \ do khai thac mdl thdi gian \ a nludng khu \ uc nha) cam \ e moi trirong nlur: Virdii Qudc gia Phong Nha-Ke Bang, bien Nhdl Lc;. khu du Iich nghi J u d n g sudi Baiuz. khu Ju lidi siiili thdi Da Nlui),,, 3, 111) en tru)e;n. \dn Jong ket hgp \d i gido Jtic ndng c;to hieu b id cua cdiuz ddng. xd hgi NC \dn de; su Jiiiig liet kieim tai ngu)en. giam thieu tdi Ja o nliidn moi irtrdng. Co nludng bieiii phdp de ngdn chdn \ iec lieu tlui tdi ngu)en qua nuic \ a han dic Hdi nghi Khoa hoc Dia iy Toan qudc hiii tli&o - Hd Nedi, 2010 13S5 VIEN DIA L t - VIEN KHOCN VIET NAM HOI DIA L t VIET NAM chdt thai ciia khach hdng. Ddng thai cd nhfrng bien phdp de kicm sodt dugc lugng chat thdi tir boat dcdng du Ijch. 4. Pbdl trien du Ijch gan licSn vdi bdo tdn cdc gia trj vc van hda. bdo ve cdnh quan, Idn^ shep boat ddng du ljch vdo cac boat ddng ciia ccdng ddng dja phirong nhdt Id cdc vung dan ldc il ngudi nhu: Vudn qudc gia Phong Nha-Kc; Bdng, Khu du ljch nghi dudng sudi Bang; cac vimg ven bien Quang Phu, Da Nhdy, Vting Chiia, Ddo Yin,..nhdm bao ve tinh da dang thien nhien. da dang sinh thai, da dang van hda. 5. Tiep thj ddi vdi khach du lieh Id mdt trong nhfrng boat ddng can dugc clui trgng doi vdi du Iich Qudng Binh, ddc biet Id tic:p thj du Ijch "xanh". Cdn cung edp cho du khdch dd) du nhfrng thdng tin de bge cd the hicu ve cdc khia canh cua ldi nguyc;ii \a mdi trudng cd lien quan den chuyen du ljch, giup hg ed sir lira chgn phii hgp; budng dan hg nhung dieu can ldm vd khdng nen ldm vc: ddi vdi tdi nguv'idn vd mdi trudng d nhfrng noi hg den tham quan du Iich, giiip du khdch nhdn bic;l dugc nhfrng tdc ddng lidn tang vd trach nhiem cua minh ddi vdi cdng ddng noi md hg dc;ii. IV. ICET LU.4N Van de su dung hgp ly ngudn tdi nguyen thien nhien vd bdo ve mdi trircTiig Id co' sd quan trgng de phat trien du Ijch mdt cdch ben vfrng. Qudng Binh Id mdt tinh cd nhieu tiem nang ve tu nhien de pbdl trien du ljch, tdi nguyen du ljch Qudng Binh ndi cluing vd tdi ngu)en du ljch Ur nhien Qudng Binh ndi rieng hien nay dting dugc tap trung khai thdc de dua vdo su dung. Hic:n tai mdt sd tiem nang du Ijeh lu nhien Quang Binh da dugc khai thdc vd dua vdo su dung nhu: Vudn Qudc gia Phong Nha-Ke Bang, bien Nhat Le, bien Quang Phu, Viing Chiia-Ddo Yen, bien Bdo Ninh... di:u la nhfrng noi nhay cdm ve mdi trudng. Q day bang nam thu luit mdt lugng khdcb du ljch tuong ddi ddng va dang Id nhfrng khu vuc chju tac ddng khdng nhd ciia cac boat dcdng du ljch. Tren thue te phdt trien cdc boat ddng du ljch Qudng Binh van chua tuong xung vdi tiem nang ciia Quang Binh vd dang cd nhieu ngu)' eo' dnh liucdng xdu den tdi nguyen, mdi trudng nlur: Ngudn chat thai tir cac cdng trinh xay dung co' sd ha tang du ljch, tir nhd hang, khach san, khdch du Ijch; Cac cdng trinh xay dicing ndy ciing cd nhung kha nang gay xdi Id d ven bien Nhdt Le:, Quang Phil. Da Nhdy..., khu vuc sudi Bang, Phong Nha-Ke Bang; dnh hudng den ngudn nude; bien ddi da dang sinh bge, be sinh thdi... Mat khde tic:m nang tu nhien dc phdt tric:n du Ijch Qudng Binh la inidt bd phan trong tdng the tu nhicn lanh thd Qudng Binh. Van de khai thdc sir dung ngudn tai nguyen nd)' phdi gdn lien vdi viec khai Ihac tdi nguyen va bdo ve mdi trudng tren todn lanh thd Qudng Binh. Chinh vi vay viec nghien ciru tiem nang du ljch tir nhien Qudng Binh. tren ca sd dd dua ra nludng djnh hudng phat trien trong boat ddng du lieh de su dung mot each hgp ly ngudn tai nguyen vd bdo ve mdi trudng Id van de rat quan trgng va cdn thiet ddi vdi Qudng Binh hien nay. ^^^^ Hgi nghi Khoa hgc Dia ly Todn qud'c ldn tli&S - Hd Ndi. 2010 VIEN BIA L t - VIEN KHOCN VIET NA?.f HOI DIA L t VIET NAM TAI LIEUTHAlVIKHAO 1. Beio cuo sa ket 3 ndm thue liien chuang Irinh phdi Irien Du Iich Quung Binh 2006-200H. UBND linh Quang Binh. 2. Chuong Irinh phut Inen Du Iich Ouang Binh giui doim 2006-2010. UBND tmh Quang Binh. 3. Ky su Nguyen Dai. Bdo cdo "Thu ihiip vd chmh ly sd lieu khi luc/ng iliiiy vdn Quung Binh lu num 1956 den num 2005". Tdi Helm hru trfr cua Trung lain Dir bao khi tugng tluiy vdn Qudng Binh, nam 2006. 4. Nghj Quylt vl Quy hocich IcJng thd phdt Iridn kinh lie - xu hgi Quung Binh den num 2020. I ldi ddng nhdn ddn tinh (^tiang Binh. 5. Nien gidm thong ke Qucing binh. Cue thdng ke Quang Binh, ndm 2008. 6. Phan Duy Ngd vd nnk. Diic diem diu chcd, diu incio vimg Phong Nhu-Ke Being. Tdi liciu kru trfr lai sd KH-CN Quang Binh. 7. Pham Trung Luong, Ddng Duy Lgi vd nnk. Tui nguyen vu mdi Inrdng Du lieh Viel Num. NXB Gido diic Hd Ndi. 2001. 8. TS. Lc: Tiin Dung vd tap the tdc gia. Bdo cdo de tdi •''Dieu Ira, nghien ciiu long hgp diu chid vu khodng sun phuc vu quy hocich phcil trien kinh le vu bua ve mdi trudng Qudng Binh ", Luu trfr tai Sd KH-CN Qudng Binh. 9. Website Qudng Binh. hltp://\\\^\v.qtlall^binh.,^ov.vn. Hoi nghi Klioa hgc Dia ly Toan cjudc lan thd5 - Ha. Nidi , 2010 i3S7