Ngư nghiệp - Maritime safety measures

Good Morning!Maritime Safety MeasuresMARITIME SAFETY MEASURESActivities and/or processes which are designed to enhance maritime safetySurveys and inspectionsMaintenanceCommunicationCasualty investigationVessel traffic managementEducation and trainingSURVEYS AND INSPECTIONSAre the means by which flag states, port states, classification societies, and lately P & I Clubs ensure that ships and their equipment comply with internationally agreed and nationally established standards. S & I’s – cont’dThe most important surveys are conducted by the government and classification society. Surveys conducted by governments are statutory surveys and these are surveys that emanate from international conventions, mandatory codes and other related instruments. Types of surveys Initial surveysPeriodic surveysIntermediate surveysEnhanced surveysAdditional surveysInitial surveysWhen is this survey conducted?This is the survey conducted before the ship is put into service the ship is accepted by a Flagstate. for an old ship when the class is being changed. This is a very thorough survey and items to be inspected will depend on the certificate to be issued.Periodic surveysThere are two types of periodic surveys; AnnualRenewal Survey.Annual surveyThe Annual survey is conducted on the anniversary date of the certificate to verify whether the ship still conforms to statutory safety standards. Certificates are not issued but rather it involves the endorsement of existing certificatesRenewal SurveyRenewal survey is conducted when a certificate has to be re-issued because certificates have expiry dates. The period of validity of certificates should be determined by the Flagstate administration but shall not exceed five years. For a passenger ship, the period of validity of certificates issued is one year.Intermediate SurveyIt is normally conducted between Initial Survey and Periodic Survey.Enhanced SurveyThis is an additional hull survey requirement for certain types of ships particularly oil tankers and bulk carriers. It was developed by classification societies (IACS) and it is now mandatory because it is contained in the SOLAS convention.Additional SurveySurveys conducted mostly after accidents or when serious defects have been identified.MAINTENANCEMaintenance is the attainment of the highest possible operational and therefore safety standards.No piece of equipment fails suddenly; indications will be given and these indications are what the maintenance is supposed to identify and rectify. Categories of Maintenance StrategiesCorrective maintenancePlanned maintenanceCondition-monitoring maintenanceCorrective maintenance involves repairs, reconditioning and replacements with a view of restoring the equipment to a statutory level of operation. It is also referred to as breakdown maintenance or panic maintenance. It is also a very expensive and dangerous mode of maintenance as there will be no time to rectify failure of a system.Planned maintenance is a form of preventative maintenance and it involves checking equipment at regular intervals. The general complaint about planned maintenance concept is that it is time wasting.Condition-monitoring maintenance in the simplest sense it is to take equipment for servicing based on the condition of the equipment. It identifies early the equipment to be serviced.COMMUNICATIONIt is the act of developing and attaining understanding among people. Every organisation needs communication and this is important in shipping because there are a number of hazards onboard ships. It is difficult to find any job on the vessel which does not require communication.MARITIME CASUALTY INVESTIGATION It is one of the most important maritime safety measures and it is designed to find the causes of accidents so as to prevent similar accidents in future. The investigations will determine why, where and how accidents occur.The process provides us with unique, real life information on certain accidents from which we can make analysis.MARITIME CASUALTY INVESTIGATION (MCI)Ship-owners conduct MCI with a view to understand the causes of an accident or making claims. The report will usually not be made public unless it is used as evidence in a formal investigation process. The most important MCI’s are those conducted by government.VESSEL TRAFFIC MANAGEMENTThe purpose is to optimize the transport of goods and passengers so as to reduce the risk of collisions. These schemes are established in areas where shipping links are busy or in ports where other users interfere with shipping thus creating safety problems. VESSEL TRAFFIC MANAGEMENTVessel traffic separation schemes have now been incorporated in collisions regulations. The schemes are done in such a way to ensure that certain ships avoid certain areas to prevent collision.Information, Traffic Organisation and Navigational Assistance are used in some ports for VTM.Education and Training?video akpe na mi!