PR truyền thông - Chapter 12: Organizational teams

Organizational TeamsChapter 12OverviewPreponderance of TeamsOrganizational Small GroupsCharacteristics of GroupsRelational Communication in GroupsDecision MakingEthics and GDSSEffective TeamsPreponderance of TeamsTeams, Committees, Small GroupsDecision MakingPlanningPolicy ImplementationInnovationConflict ManagementOrganizational Small GroupsThree or more individuals who meet to work on a common goalMembers have a stake in the outcomeSharp focus and coordinated effortsLink employees to organization and increases loyaltyIdentify more with team than with organizationTask teams, quality teams, self-managed teams, cross-functional teams, self-directed work teamsCommon Belief . . . Teams themselves, rather than managers, should take responsibility for their work, monitor their own performance, and alter their performance strategies as needed to solve problems and adapt to changing conditions (Wageman, 1997, 49).Goal is to enhance performance!Characteristics of Groups NormsCohesivenessDiversitySatisfactionGroupthink??????????????????????????StressStucknessRelational Communication in Groups Make link between employee and organization strongerSupport from others to face difficult challengesProvides leadership opportunitiesNew ideas can be tested before “going public”Feel engaged, test ideas and abilities, and provide moral support!Dysfunctional Group RelationshipsCompromise decision-making proceduresIssues defined by poor relationship or weak memberWasted energyExhibiting confusing behaviorsConsumed with mending relationshipsFar less energy is expended accomplishing taskDecision MakingActual productivity = potential productivity - losses due to faulty processesHirokawa & Gouran’s Vigilant Interaction Theory (Functional Decision Theory)Is there something about the status quo that requires improvement or change?What do we want to achieve or accomplish?What are the choices available to us?What are the positive and negative aspects of those choices?Negative actions have a greater ability to disrupt the group’s performanceEthics and Computer-Supported Decision MakingGDSS - “Group Decision Support Systems”Honest and Direct CommunicationEqual participationAbility to confront conflictCritical examination of ideasThoroughness of discussionsTeamwork and identification with the groupTechnology should assist with organizational tasks -- NOT drive them7 Features of Effective TeamsClear and engaging direction Basic work is designed to be done by a teamTeam rewards are associated with team effortsPhysical resources are readily availableTeam (not leader) has authority to make decisions about basic work strategiesArticulate clear goals that fit the organization’s goals (can be measured as feedback)Establishes norms that promote strategic thinkingEight Characteristics of High Performance TeamsClear, Elevating GoalsA Results-Driven StructureCompetent Team MembersUnified CommitmentCollaborative ClimateStandards of ExcellenceExternal Support and RecognitionPrincipled LeadershipSEE FIGURE 12.2 on p. 224 for comparison for Team MembersGet involved early in the team interaction processBe a team playerBring value to the teamAssess team needsFollow-up on group tasksSuggestions for OrganizationsThree Structures Necessary for Team SuccessA reward system that both acknowledges and properly compensates members for their individual and collective effortA support system that provides resources to aid and enhance the efforts of group membersCoaching and process training that show members how to use their efforts to achieve both individual and group goals.Suggestions for NewcomersLearn the norms unique to each team before causing unintentional disruptionHelp the team avoid groupthink by pointing out information it may be ignoringWork to encourage cultural diversity in the team and be sensitive to potential misunderstandingsHelp groups avoid “stuckness” by changing the environment or changing the pattern of behaviors of other team membersEncourage a collaborative climate to help generate a unified commitment of team membersSummaryPreponderance of TeamsOrganizational Small GroupsCharacteristics of GroupsRelational Communication in GroupsDecision MakingEthics and GDSSEffective TeamsBOTTOM LINE: Understand the general characteristics of teams, what makes them successful, and how a member can contribute to that success!