PR truyền thông - Chapter one: Introduction to organizational constructs

UNIT ONETheoretical FoundationsCHAPTER ONEIntroduction to Organizational ConstructsPrefaceAccording to Modaff & DeWine, organizational life is characterized by what?misunderstandings What are the Textbook Assumptions?Previous course in communicationPurpose of course is to familiarize students with the basic elements of the field of organizational communication.Students will cover methodological and philosophical orientations in more depth in an advanced course (COM 525)PrefaceWhat the textbook is NOT about . . . External organizational communication (“public relations”)Macro-organizational communication (organizational memory, lifespan)What the textbook IS about . . .Internal communicationOrganizing issues (organizational behavior level)Introduce basic conceptsFoundations of the disciplineCurrent state of theory and practiceDeal with misunderstandingsCentral organizing feature of textbook: MISUNDERSTANDINGSTextbook LayoutPart One: FoundationsChapter 1: Introduction (ethics & diversity)Chapter 2: Classical Management Theories (prescriptive)Chapter 3: Human Relations & Human Resource TheoriesChapter 4: Systems Theory - Learning Organizations (analytical framework)Chapter 5: Organizational Culture & Critical TheoriesChapter 6: The Communicative OrganizationMisunderstanding will occur - organizations should be prepared.Can misunderstandings be resolved?Does organization need to learn to “live with the issues?”Part Two: Challenges & MisunderstandingsORGANIZATIONAL CHALLENGESChapter 7: Realistic RecruitmentChapter 8: Socialization of Organizational MembersChapter 9: Conflict in the OrganizationRELATIONAL CHALLENGES Chapter 10: Supervisor/Subordinate Communication Chapter 11: Peer and Co-worker CommunicationChapter 12: Team CommunicationChapter 13: Impact of Technology on CommunicationChapter One: IntroductionPREVIEWDefine the Study and Practice of Organizational CommunicationEstablish the Prevalence of MisunderstandingsDiscuss the Changing Nature of OrganizationsPresent the Realities of a Diverse WorkforceIdentify Ethical Organizational FrameworksIntroduction of Three Important ConstructsOrganizational IdentificationJob SatisfactionCommunication SatisfactionOrganizational CommunicationDEFINEDOrganizational Communication Definitions - Handout“Communication is the basis for the way in which an organization functions”Communication plays a critical role in most every aspect of organizational lifeA business is a group of people organized around a common goalOrganization - Greek originsOrganon - “tool” or “instrument”Communication is both the means by which the tool or instrument (the organization) is created and sustained and the prime coordinating mechanism for activity designed to attain personal and organizational goals. Organizational CommunicationDEFINED“the process of creating, exchanging, interpreting (correctly or incorrectly), and storing messages within a system of human interrelationships.”“the exchange of oral, nonverbal, and written messages within (and across the boundaries of) a system of interrelated and interdependent people working to accomplish common tasks and goals within an organization.”MESSAGE-CENTERED DEFINITIONMessages“nonrandom verbal symbolizations.”“a use of language (written or spoken) that the recipient interprets as having been created intentionally.”Assumptions and Features of Organizational CommunicationCommunication is central to the existence of the organizationOrganizational communication is a complex process (creating, exchanging, interpreting, and storing messages)Misunderstandings occurSample Research Topics in Organizational CommunicationInformation Dissemination / Message FlowRelationship Creation, Maintenance, and TerminationProcess of OrganizingMessage Privilege and PowerOptimal Information (overload, underload)Effective Channels Impact of TechnologyWorkplace DemocracyInfluence of Organizational StructureTeam InteractionOrganizational CultureCommon Themes in Organizational Communication“The use of language as a symbolic means of inducing cooperation in beings that by nature respond to symbols, constitutes our disciplinary foundation . . . A concern with collective action, agency, messages, symbols, and discourse.” Mumby & StohlHow messages are sent and understood through the use of language, forms the basis of communication in general and organizational communication specifically.Organizational Communication: What’s in it for You?Better equipped to address contemporary workplace issues.Development of a temporary workforceImplementation of teamsAdoption of new technologiesMulticulturalismTrained to focus on the complex and collaborative nature of communicating, organizing and knowing.Organizational Communication: What’s in it for You?More articulate about ideas.Understand the task of organizing individuals, groups, projects, and thoughts.Knowing/Learning how to learn.Prevalence of MisunderstandingsParadigmsMore levels of hierarchyMore work teams with more membersCultural, age, sex, gender, religious, and value differencesPower strugglesSub- and counter organizational culturesCompetition for scarce resourcesImpersonal communication mediaImpersonal Communication MediaMisunderstandings“Instances in which people who are communicating don’t share meanings as well as situations in which features of organizational life serve to impinge upon the efficient and effective functioning of organizational members.” Highlights the central nature of communication. Case study example: page 7.Changing Nature of OrganizationsShift from . . . hierarchical (tall) to decentralized (flat) structuresclimate of authority (control) to climate of coaching (support through performance feedback)analog to digital (computerized information technology)regional or national competition to global competitionRealities of Diverse Workforce“Diversity in the workplace encompasses a variety of personal and social bases of identity, including race-ethnicity, gender, age, socio-economic status, and country of origin.” Brenda AllenDiversity must be seen as a positive characteristic of the work environmentEthical Frameworks and Organizational CommunicationMust be defined within the unique culture of a particular organizational environment. (???)“There is something inherently present in any modern organization that facilitates unethical or immoral conduct” W. Charles ReddingKreps’ Ethical GuidelinesOrganization members should not intentionally deceive one another. (Trust)Organization members’ communication should not purposely harm any other organization member or members of the organization’s relevant environment. (Do No Harm)Organization members should be treated justly (Justice)Cheney & TompkinsFour Guidelines for Ethical BehaviorGuardedness - critically assess messages Accessibility - be open to new ideasNonviolence - consider multiple optionsEmpathy - genuinely listen and respectThree Important ConstructsOrganizational Identification (process & product)An active process by which individuals link themselves to elements (people, policies, products, services, customers, values) in the social scene.Involves an individual’s sense of membership in and connection with an organization.Job SatisfactionThe degree to which employees feel fulfilled by their job and related experiences.A pleasurable or positive emotional state from the appraisal of one’s job or experiences Linked to absenteeism and turnoverCommunication SatisfactionThe degree to which employees feel that communication is appropriate and satisfies their need for information and work relationshipsCommunication Satisfaction (CSQ)“Overall degree of satisfaction an employee perceived in his [sic] total communication environment.”Eight Factors concerned with communication information, relationships, channels, and climateCommunication ClimateRelationship to SuperiorsOrganizational IntegrationMedia QualityHorizontal and Informal CommunicationOrganizational PerspectiveRelationship with SubordinatesPersonal FeedbackCommunication satisfaction is often considered the “sum” of an individual’s satsifaction with the above dimensions.SummaryDefine the Study and Practice of Organizational CommunicationEstablish the Prevalence of MisunderstandingsDiscuss the Changing Nature of OrganizationsPresent the Realities of a Diverse WorkforceIdentify Ethical Organizational FrameworksIntroduction of Three Important ConstructsOrganizational IdentificationJob SatisfactionCommunication SatisfactionSummaryOrganizational communication is the process of creating, exchanging, interpreting (correctly or incorrectly), and storing messages within a system of human interrelationships.The study of organizational communication helps people understand and appreciate communication as the central process in the organization.Goal is to reduce misunderstandings through communication.For Thursday, Read Chapter 2 (Classical Theories of Organizations)Taylor’s Theory of Scientific ManagementFayol’s Administrative TheoryWeber’s Theory of Bureaucracy