Quản trị kinh doanh - Chapter 20: Information technology and E - Business

Information Technology and E-BusinessChapter 201Technology and E-BusinessThe strategic use of information technology is one of the defining aspects of organizational success in today’s worldMany companies in industries from manufacturing to entertainment use IT toGet closer to customers Enter new markets Streamline business processesManager’s Challenge: Bountiful Mazda2Technology and E-BusinessManagement of information technology and e-businessBasic information technology & information systems frequently used in organizationsFundamental strategiesManagement implications Recent information technology trendsTopics Chapter 203Information TechnologyThe hardware, software, telecommunications, database management, and other technologies used to store, process, and distribute information4Data versus InformationData- Raw, non-summarized , and unanalyzed facts and figuresInformation- Data that have been converted into a meaningful and useful context for the receiver5Information and Management ChallengeIncreasing Challenge for ManagersEffectively identify needed informationAccess useful informationMagnitude of transforming data into useful information = introduction of chief information officer (CIO) position6Useful Information CharacteristicsTimeCurrencyTime PeriodContent Accuracy Relevance Completeness Conciseness Form Clarity Detail PresentationSource: Adapted from James A. O’Brien, Introduction To Information Systems, 8th ed. (Burr Ridge, Il:Irwin, 1997),pp284-2857Types of Information SystemsOperations Information Systems  Transaction-processing systems  Process control systems  Office automation systemsManagement Information Systems8Types of Information SystemsManagement Information Systems  Information-reporting systems  Decision support systems  Groupware  Executive information systemsExperiential Exercise: What is Your MIS Style?9Basic Elements of Management Information SystemsManagement Information SystemsReporting SystemsDecision Support SystemsExecutive Information SystemsGroup Decision Support SystemCorporate and External DatabasesSource: Adapted from Ralph M. Stair and George W. Reynolds, Principles of Information Systems: A Managerial Approach, 4th ed. (Cambridge, Mass.: Course Technology, 1999), 391.Operations Information Systems10Internet and E-BusinessInternet = global collection of computer networks linked togetherWorld Wide Web = (WWW) a collection of central servers for accessing information on the internet11Internet and E-BusinessE-business = any business that takes place by digital processes over a computer network rather than in physical spaceE-commerce = business exchanges that occur electronically12Internet Communication SystemsIntranet = an internal communications system that uses the technology and standards of the Internet but is accessible only to people within the organizationExtranet = external communicati0ns system that uses the Internet and is shared by two or more organizations13E-Business StrategiesStrategy = Market ExpansionInternet division allows a company to establish direct links to customers and expand into new marketsOrganization can provide access around the clock to a worldwide market and reach new customersEthical Dilemma: Manipulative or Not?14E-Business StrategiesIn-House Internet DivisionSpin-OffStrategic PartnershipsStrategy = Productivity and Efficiency15Strategies for Engaging Clicks with BricksCompetitive Business EnvironmentE-Business StrategyMarket expansion and revenue growthIncreased productivity and cost efficiencyBenefitsAdd new marketsIntegrate bricks and clicksIncrease market sizeImmediate short-term effectsMeasurable productivity impactDriven by internal processesImplementationIn-house division or partnershipIn-house division or partnership16E-MarketplacesBiggest boom in e-commerce is in business-to-business (B2B) transactions$2.4 trillion and growing in 2004B2B marketplaces = intermediary sets up an electronic marketplace where buyers and sellers meet, acting as a hub for B2B commerce – online portalEbay has become a B2B portal17B2B Marketplace ModelOnline portal or “hub” for B2B marketplaceSellersBuyersMany sellers offer products and services through an intermediary to many buyers18E-Business Information ManagementERP, integrate and optimize all the various business processes across the entire firmEnterprise Resource Planning SystemsTop ERP vendors today host the applications themselves and offer their products through Internet portalsCustomers access the applications with standard browsers19Customer Relationship ManagementSystems that help companies track customers’ interactions with the firm and allow employees to call up information on past transactions20Knowledge ManagementProcess of systematically gathering knowledge, making it widely available throughout the organization, and fostering a culture of learning21Knowledge ManagementThree KeysData warehousingBusiness intelligenceKnowledge management portals22Management Implications of Information TechnologyImproved employee effectivenessInformation overloadEnhanced collaborationEmpowered employeesIncreased efficiency23IT TrendsWireless InternetPeer-to-Peer File SharingBlogs and WikisGoing International24Information Systems TodayInformation technology and e-business are changing the way people and organizations workCustomer, partners, and suppliers are brought into the information network25