Quản trị kinh doanh - Warehousing management

WAREHOUSING MANAGEMENTPart of firms logistics system that stores products at and between point of origin and point of consumption.Term “Warehousing” is referred as transportation at zero miles per hourWarehousing provides time and place utility for raw materials, industrial goods, and finished products, allowing firms to use customer service as a dynamic value-adding competitive tool.THE ROLE OF THE WAREHOUSE IN THE LOGISTICS SYSTEMThe warehouse is where the supply chain holds or stores goods.Functions of warehousing includeTransportation consolidationProduct mixingDockingServiceProtection against contingenciesTYPE OF WAREHOUSINGPublic WarehousingPrivate WarehousingContract WarehousingMulti-client WarehousingDESIGN CONSIDERATIONIdeal Facility for Pure Supplier Consolidation(Full Pallet Movement)Warehouse Space RequirementsPRINCIPLES OF WAREHOUSE LAYOUT DESIGNWAREHOUSE PROCESSPut-awayIdentify ProductIdentify Product LocationMove ProductsUpdate RecordsStorageEquipmentStock LocationPopularityUnit SizeCubeShipping PreparationPackingLabelingStackingOrder PickingInformationWalk & PickBatch PickingShippingSchedule CarrierLoad VehicleBill of LoadingRecord UpdateRECEIVINGSchedule CarrierUnload VehicleInspect for damageINPUTOUTPUTOBJECTIVES OF EFFICIENT WAREHOUSE OPERATIONSProvide timely customer service.Keep track of items so they can be found readily & correctly.Minimize the total physical effort & thus the cost of moving goods into & out of storage.Provide communication links with customersBenefits of Warehouse ManagementProvide a place to store & protect inventoryReduce transportation costsImprove customer service levelsComplexity of warehouse operation depends on the number of SKUs handled & the number of orders received & filled.Most activity in a warehouse is material handling.Capital costsCosts of space & materials handling equipmentOperating costsCost of laborMeasure of labor productivity is the number of units that an operator can move in a dayCOSTS OF OPERATING A WAREHOUSEWAREHOUSE ACTIVITIESReceive goodsIdentify the goodsDispatch goods to storageHold goodsPick goodsMarshal shipmentDispatch shipmentOperate an information systemAccepts goods from Outside transportation or attached factory & accepts responsibility Check the goods against an order & the bill of loadingCheck the quantitiesCheck for damage & fill out damage reports if necessaryInspect goods if requiredReceive goodsitems are identified with the appropriate stock-keeping unit (SKU) number (part number) & the quantity received recordedIdentify the goodsDispatch goods to storagegoods are sorted & put awayHold goodsgoods are kept in storage & under proper protection until neededPick goodsitems required from stock must be selected from storage & brought to a marshalling areaMarshal the shipmentgoods making up a single order are brought together & checked for omissions or errors; order records are updatedDispatch the shipmentorders are packaged, shipping documents are prepared, & goods loaded on the vehicleOperate an information systema record must be maintained for each item in stock showing the quantity on hand, quantity received, quantity issued, & location in the warehouseMaximize productivity & minimize cost, warehouse management must work with the followingMaximize use of spacespace is the largest capital costEffective use of labor & equipmentlabor is the largest operating costmaterial handling equipment is the second largest capital costFACTORS INFLUENCING EFFECTIVE USE OF WAREHOUSESCube utilization and accessibilityStock locationOrder picking and assemblyPhysical Control & Security - ElementsCube utilization and accessibilityGoods stored not just on the floor, but in the cubic space of the warehouse; warehouse capacity depends on how high goods can be storedAccessibility means being able to get at the goods wanted with a minimum amount of workCube utilization and accessibility continuedStock LocationObjectivesTo provide the required customer serviceTo keep track of where items are storedTo minimize effort to receive, put away, and retrieve itemsBasic Stock Locating SystemsGroup functionally related items togetherGroup fast-moving items togetherGroup physically similar items togetherLocate working stock and reserve stock separatelyFixed LocationSKU assigned a permanent location, & no other items are stored thereFixed-location systems usually have poor cube utilizationUsually used in small warehouses; throughput is small, & there are few SKUsFloating (Random) LocationGoods stored wherever there is appropriate spaceAdvantage is improved cube utilizationIt requires accurate and up-to-date informationWarehouses using floating-location systems are usually computer-basedStock Location continuedStock Location continuedTwo other systems sometimes used arePoint-of-use storageInventory stored close to where it will be neededUsed in repetitive manufacturing & JIT systemsCentral storageContains all inventory in one central locationAdvantages of Point-of-use StorageMaterials are readily accessible to usersMaterial handling is reduced or eliminatedCentral storage costs are reducedMaterial is accessible all the timeStock Location continuedAdvantages of Central StorageEase of controlInventory record accuracy is easier to maintainSpecialized storage can be usedReduced safety stock, since users do not need to carry their own safety stockStock Location continuedOrder Picking and AssemblyWhen an order is received, items must be obtained from the warehouse, grouped, & prepared for shipment, systems usedArea systemZone systemMulti-order systemArea systemOrder picker circulates throughout warehouse selecting items on an order -- order is ready to ship when order picker is finishedZone systemWarehouse is divided into zones, & each picker works only in an assigned zone -- order is divided by zone, & the items from each zone are sent to the marshaling areaOrder Picking and Assembly continuedMulti-order systemSame as the zone system, except that each picker collects items for a number of orders at the same timeOrder Picking and Assembly continuedPHYSICAL CONTROL & SECURITY - ELEMENTSGood part numbering systemSimple, well-documented transaction systemIdentify the itemVerify the quantityRecord the transactionPhysically execute the transactionLimited accessInventory must be kept in a safe, secure (locked) place with limited general accessWell-trained workforce30Akpe na mi!