Thành phần côn trùng cánh cứng (coleoptera) tại khu bảo tồn thiên nhiên Xuân Nha, Sơn La

Management of Forest Resources and Environment JOURNAL OF FORESTRY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY NO. 5 - 2017 94 DATA ON THE COMPOSITION OF BEETLES (COLEOPTERA) IN XUAN NHA NATURE RESERVE, SON LA PROVINCE Le BaoThanh Vietnam National University of Forestry SUMMARY Beetle sampling was conducted on transects in Xuan Nha Nature Reserve, Son La Province using hand searching on the ground and trees, pitfall traps, light traps and fly interception traps. A total of 129 species belonging to 11 families were recorded. In which, the most abundant family was Scarabaeidae with 39 species accounting for 30.2% the total number of the recorded species, Chrsomelidae accounted for 17.8%, Coccinellidae accounted for 14.7%, Cerambycidae accounted for 13.2%, Curculionidae accounted for 7.8%, Buprestidae accounted for 6,2%, and Tenebrionidae, Elateridae and Anobiidae acounted for 2.3%. The two sub families Meloidae and Anthribidae indicated the lower number of species accounting for 1.6%. Scarabaeidae contributed the highest number of genera accounting for 31.4% the total number of the genera, Cerambycidae accounted for 18.6%, Coccinellidae accounted for 12.8%, Chrsomelidae accounted for 11.6%, Curculionidae accounted for 9.3%, Elateridae and Tenebrionidae accounted for 3.5%, the remaining families accounted for only 2.3%. More than 70% the total number of the species were rare species. The common species accounted for 21%, and the species were collected randomly accounting for 6%. The meadows had the high number of species accounting for 36.8% the total number of the species, the residential habitats accounted for 35,3%, the primary forests accounted for 22.5%, the secondary forests accounted for 22.1%, the agricultural habitats accounted for 19.9%, the bamboo forests accounted for 8.5%. The phytophaga species (leaves, bark, stems, root shoots) accounted for 62%, the necrophaga, detritophaga and corprophaga species accounted for 21.7%, the zoo phaga species accounted for 14.7%. Two species have not been identified yet accounting for 1.6%. Keywords: Beetle, reserve, Xuan Nha. I. INTRODUCTION The Coleoptera is the largest of all orders and plays an important role in forest ecosystems. Xuan Nha Nature Reserve was established under the decision number 3440/QD-UBND of Son La Province covering an area of 16316.8 hectares. The reserve is considered as the region with a high level of biodiversity. So far 1074 species of 606 genera, 173 families representing 04 phyla of higher vascular plants have been recorded. In addition, 66 species of primates, 145 species of birds, 43 reptiles, and 24 frog species were recorded in the reserve (Son La People Committee, 2002). Although beetles were studied in some nature reserves in Vietnam, there is still a poor understanding of the beetle fauna inhabiting in Xuan Nha Reserve. Here, we provide the composition and distribution of the beetle fauna in Xuan Nha. II. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Beetle sampling was carried out on three transects across six major habitats: the residential habitats, agricultural habitats, secondary forests, meadows, primary forests, and bamboo forests. For each transect, a sampling site with 10 m radius was selected to collect beetles. These sites are characterized by the plant composition and forest canopy cover. Transect 1 (2 km): Chieng Son commune: from Na Ten village to Na Tan village containing the residential, agricultural habitats and bamboo forests. Transect 2 (6 km): Chieng Xuan commune from Co village to Kho Hong village comprising the habitats: agriculture, bamboo forests andprimary forests Transect 3 (4 km): Xuan Nha commune: from Chieng Nua village to Tun village going through agricultural habitats, bamboo forests, Management of Forest Resources and Environment JOURNAL OF FORESTRY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY NO. 5 - 2017 95 secondary forests and primary forests. Transect 4 (6 km): Xuan Nha commune: from Xuan Nha Commune People's Committee to Na Henh village going through agricultural habitats, bamboo forests, secondary forests and primary forests. Beetles were collected by using hands searching on the ground and trees, light traps, pitfall traps (Nguyen The Nha et al, 2001). Beetles were identified based on the following literatures: Hoang Duc Nhuan (1983), Ek- Amnuay (2008), Mizunuma 1999), Li chengde (2006), Yang Zizhi (2002), Animal Research Department (1997), Xu Tiansen (2004), Li Yuansheng (2004), Xinan Forestry Institute (2003). The recorded species in the study area were calculated according to this formula: n: The number of the recorded beetles in each site; N: The total number of recorded beetles in all research sites; P: Index is used to evaluate the popularity of the recorded species: Common species: P(%) > 50%; Less common species: 25 ≤ P(%) ≤ 50%; Rare species: P% < 25%. III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3. 1. Species composition One hundred and twenty nine species were detected in Xuan Nha Nature Reserve (Table 1). Table 01. Species composition and frequency encountered at study sites No Species P (%) No Species P (%) (1) Anobiidae 65 Exochomus quadripustulatus 31.2 1 Anobium fulvicorne 62.5 66 Harmonia axyridis 50.0 2 Anobium punctatum 50.0 67 Henosepilachna argus 56.2 3 Dorcatoma dresdensis 43.7 68 Hippodamia tredecimpunctata 50.0 (2) Anthribidae 69 Hippodamia variegata 31.2 4 Brachytarsus nebulosus 43.7 70 Oenopia conglobata 31.2 5 Choragus horni 37.5 71 Subcoccinella vigintiquatuorpunctata 75.0 (3) Buprestidae 72 Tytthaspis sedecimpunctata 50.0 6 Agrilus betuleti 31.2 (7) Curculionidae 7 Agrilus cinctus 31.2 73 Alcidodes frenatus 31.2 8 Agrilus sinuatus 43.8 74 Cyrtotrachelus longimanus 50.0 9 Anthaxia fulgurans 37.5 75 Depaurus marginatus 31.2 10 Anthaxia helvetica 43.7 76 Hypomyces ferrugineus 68.7 11 Anthaxia nitidula 12.5 77 Myllocerus sp. 50.0 12 Anthaxia podolica 18.7 78 Phyllobius maculicornis 56.2 13 Anthaxia quadripunctata 31.2 79 Phyllobius virideaeris 25.0 (4) Cerambycidae 80 Polydrusus impar 43.7 14 Alosterna ingrica 31.2 81 Polydrusus pterygomalis 37.5 15 Aristobia approximator 43.7 82 Sitophilus oryzae 62.5 16 Batocera rubus Linn 37.5 (8) Scarabaeoidae 17 Batocera rufomaculata 37.5 83 Allissonotum impressicolle 25.0 18 Bacchisa tonkinensis 50.0 84 Amphimallon solstitiale 37.5 19 Blepephaeus succinctor 56.2 85 Anomala cuprea 50.0 20 Cacostola lineata 37.5 86 Anomala sp. 25.0 21 Calothyrza margatitifera 31.2 87 Aphodius biguttatus 50.0 Management of Forest Resources and Environment JOURNAL OF FORESTRY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY NO. 5 - 2017 96 No Species P (%) No Species P (%) 22 Chlorophorus annularis 62.5 88 Aphodius depressus 37.5 23 Lamia textor 18.7 89 Aphodius granarius 43.7 24 Nortia geniculata 68.7 90 Canthon imitator 43.7 25 Paraphrus granulosus 37.5 91 Catharsius aethiops 37.5 26 Plagionotus arcuatus 50.0 92 Cercyon ustulatus 50.0 27 Plocaederus ruficornis 62.5 93 Copris lunaris 37.5 28 Rosalia sanguinolenta 6.2 94 Copris lecontei 62.5 29 Stromatium longicorne 56.2 95 Cyclocephala lurida 43.7 30 Rhytidodera bowringii 37.5 96 Megasoma elephas 50.0 (5) Chrysomelidae 97 Geotrupes mutator 62.5 31 Agelastica alni 50.0 98 Geotrupes spiniger 50.0 32 Cassida margaritacea 50.0 99 Geotrupes stercorarius 56.2 33 Cassida murraea 31.2 100 Gonioctena fornicata 50.0 34 Cassida vibex 37.5 101 Gonioctena viminalis 37.5 35 Cassida viridis 50.0 102 Gymnopleurus sp. 43.7 36 Chrysolina fastuosa 31.2 103 Heliocopris dominus 62.5 37 Chrysolina graminis 6.2 104 Holotrichia sauteri 75.0 38 Chrysolina polita 43.7 105 Holotrichia sinensis 75.0 39 Crepidodera aurea 43.7 106 Maladera sp. 37.5 40 Crepidodera plutus 18.7 107 Melanocanthon nigricornis 62.5 41 Clytra laeviuscula 37.5 108 Onthophagus taurus 37.5 42 Crepidodera aurata 25.0 109 Onthophagus verticicornis 37.5 43 Cryptocephalus biguttatus 37.5 110 Onthophagus gazella 50.0 44 Donacia cinerea 37.5 111 Onthophagus ovatus 43.7 45 Donacia clavipes 18.7 112 Oryctes nasicornis 56.2 46 Donacia crassipes 37.5 113 Oryctes rhinoceros 50.0 47 Donacia semicuprea 37.5 114 Osmoderma eremita 43.7 48 Donacia sparganii 31.2 115 Parascatonomus 50.0 49 Pachnephorus pilosus 31.2 116 Pleurophorus caesus 43.7 50 Pachybrachis picus 37.5 117 Rhizotrogus aestivus 43.7 51 Pachybrachis tessellatus 37.5 118 Serica brunna 75.0 52 Plagiodera versicolora 37.5 119 Trematodes tenebrioides 56.2 53 Podagrica fuscicornis 43.7 120 Trypoxylus dichotomus 31.2 (6) Coccinellidae 121 Xylotrupes gideon 62.5 54 Adalia bipunctata 75.0 (9) Meloidae 55 Adalia conglomerate 25.0 122 Mylabris cichorii 37.5 56 Adalia decempunctata 37.5 123 Epicauta rufidorsum 37.5 57 Anatis ocellate 50.0 (10) Elateridae 58 Chilocorus bipustulatus 56.5 125 Agriotes sp. 25.0 59 Chilocorus renipustulatus 50.0 126 Anelastes druryi 50.0 60 Coccidula scutellate 31.2 124 Melanotus crassicoliss 56.2 61 Coccinella magnifica 37.5 (11) Tenebrionidae 62 Coccinella quinquepunctata 62.5 127 Cylindromicrus sp. 37.5 63 Coccinella septempunctata 56.2 128 Tribolium destructor 18.7 64 Coccinella undecimpunctata 43.7 129 Tenebrio molitor 37.5 Management of Forest Resources and Environment JOURNAL OF FORESTRY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY NO. 5 - 2017 97 Most of the recorded species were less common species (94 species), accounting for 73% of total species followed by the most common group (27 species), accounting for 21%, and the rare species group comprised 8 species, accounting for 6%. The number of species and genera of the families is illustrated in the table 2. Table 2. Number of species, genera of families of the beetles No Species Number of species Percent of species Number of genus Percent of genus 1 Anobiidae 3 2.3 2 2.3 2 Anthribidae 2 1.6 2 2.3 3 Buprestidae 8 6.2 2 2.3 4 Cerambycidae 17 13.2 16 18.6 5 Chrysomelidae 23 17.8 10 11.6 6 Coccinellidae 19 14.7 11 12.8 7 Curculionidae 10 7.8 8 9.3 8 Scarabaeoidae 39 30.2 27 31.4 9 Meloidae 2 1.6 2 2.3 10 Elateridae 3 2.3 3 3.5 11 Tenebrionidae 3 2.3 3 3.5 Total 129 100 86 100 Of the recorded families, Scarabaeidae contributed the highest number of species and genera (39 species, 27 genera) accounting for 30.2% the total number of the species, Chrsomelidae had 23 species accouting for 17.8%, Cerambycidae had 17 species accounting for 13.2%, and Curculionidae had 10 species accounting 7.8%. The families of Meloidae and Anthribidae had the lower number species (2 species) making 1.6%. 3.2. Beetle distribution in habitats The distribution of beetles in Xuan Nha Nature Reserve is presented in figure 1. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 The residential The agricultural The bamboo forest The meadows The secondary forests The primary forests 35,3 19,9 8,5 36,8 22,1 22,5 P er ce n ta ge o f sp ec ie s Habitats Figure 1. Species Distribution of beetles on habitat types Management of Forest Resources and Environment JOURNAL OF FORESTRY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY NO. 5 - 2017 98 The meadows had the large number of species accounting 36.8% of the total number of the recorded species. The residential habitats accounted for 35.3%, primary forests accounted for 22,5%, secondary forests accounted for 22.1%, agricultural habitats accounted for 19.9%, and bamboo forests accounted for 8.5%. Anobiumful vicorne, Nortiageniculata, Chlorophorus annularis, Sitophilus oryzae were found in all types of habitat... Rosaliasanguinolenta, Chrysolinagraminis, Tribolium destructor were collected in this habitat. 3.3. The role of beetles Due to their adaptability and high reproductive capacity, beetles have a large number of species and individuals. They are widely distributed in nature and are an indispensable part of the forest ecosystem. Based on behavioral characteristics of the beetles in the study area, we highlighted the role of them in table 3. Table 3.The role of the beetles in the ecosystem Number The role of the beetles Species Percentage 1 Zoophaga 19 14.7 2 Necrophaga, detritophaga and corprophaga 28 21.7 3 Phytophaga (leaves, bark, stems, root shoots) 80 62.0 4 Not yetidentified 2 1.6 Table 3 showed that the phytophaga species (leaves, bark, stems, and roots) having the highest number of species (80 species), accounting for 62.0%, necrophaga, detritophaga, and corprophaga species had28 species accounting for 21.7%, zoophaga species had 19 species accounting for 14.7%, and 02 species have not been identified yet accounting for 1.6%. Among recorded Zoophaga species, Coccinellids are best known as predators of aphids. The two recorded genera Chilocorus and Coccinella with nearly 10 abundant species that could be considered as biological control agents. Further studies on the composition, distribution of these Coccinellid species are needed to maintain consistently their population in relation to other beetles. Dung beetles (Scarabaeoidea, corprophaga) with 39 collected species playing a key role in the ecosystems. Because of being highly sensitive to changes in the physical structure of forest habitats, the composition and structure of dung beetles are predicted to change and seen as an important indicator taxon and early monitor system to study the influence of anthropic disturbances on ecosystem processes in tropical habitats. On the other hand, dung beetles rely on mammal droppings. The patchy and ephemeral micro habitats depend on mammal density, composition that affects dung beetle fauna. Thus, dung beetles also can be used to monitor changes in mammal community in the nature reserve. The leaf beetles, Chrysomelidae were diverse but not abundant in Xuan Nha Nature Reserve. Our observation showed low occurrence of leaf beetles (less than 1%) of the Management of Forest Resources and Environment JOURNAL OF FORESTRY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY NO. 5 - 2017 99 examined plants. IV. CONCLUSIONS A total of 129 species of 48 genera representing 11 families of beetles were recorded in Xuan Nha Nature Reserve. Scarabaeidae contributed the highest number of species and genera (39 species, 27 genera), accounting for 30.2% of the total number of species, Chrsomelidae with 23 species accounting for 17.8%, Cerambycidae with 17 species, accounting for 13.2%, and Curculionidae is comprised of 10 species, accounting for 7.8%. The families of Meloidae and Anthribidae have lower number species (2 species), each making 1.6%. Most of the recorded species belonged to the less common group (94 species), accounting for 73%, followed by species in the most common group of 27 species, accounting for 21% and the rare species group with 8 species, accounting for 6%. The meadows had the high number of species accounting for 36.8% the total number of the recorded species, the residential habitats accounted for 35.3%, the primary forests accounted for 22.5%, the secondary forests accounted for 22.1%, the agricultural habitats accounted for 19.9%, bamboo forests accounted for 8.5%. The phytophaga species (leaves, bark, stems, and roots) had the highest number of the species (80 species) accounting for 62.0%, the necrophaga, detritophaga, and corprophaga species had 28 species accounting for 21.7%, zoophaga species included 19 species accounting for 14.7% and 2 species have not been identified yet accounting for 1.6%. Anobiumfulvicorne, Nortiageniculata, Chlorophorusannularis and Sitophilus appeared in all habitats. Rosaliasanguinolenta, Chrysolinagraminis, Tribolium destructor were found only in this habitat REFERENCES 1. Hoang Duc Nhuan (1983). Lady Beetles of Vietnam. Scientific and Technological Publishing House, Hanoi. 2. Ek-Amnuay P. (2008). Beetles of Thailand, Siam Insect-Zoo and Museum, Chiang Mai, Thailand, second Edition. 3. Mizunuma T. (1999). Giant Beetles: Euchirinae, Dynastinae. Endless Secience Information, Tokuo, Japan. 4. Li chengde (2006). Forest Entomology. China Forestry Publishing House. 5. China Wildlife Conservation Society (1999). Chinese rare insects classification by Picture. China Forestry Publishing House. 6. Yang Zizhi (2002). Garden Plant pest control and classification by Picture. China Forestry Publishing House. 7. Nguyen The Nha, Tran Cong Loanh, Tran Van Mao (2001). Insect population survey and forecasting for forestry. Agricultural Publishing House, Ha noi. 8. Animal Research Department, Chinese Academy of Sciences (1973). Insect Natural enemies Atlas. Science Publishing House, China. 9. Xu Tiansen (2004). Main pest of bamboo in China. China Forestry Publishing House. 10. Li Yuansheng (2004). Insects Record in China, Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences Publishing House. 11. Son La People Committee (2002). Demonstration of Technical economics for establishing Xuan Nha Nature Reserves, Son La. 12. Xinan Forestry Institute (2003), Lady Beetles of Yunnan. Yunnan Science and Technology Publishing House. Management of Forest Resources and Environment JOURNAL OF FORESTRY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY NO. 5 - 2017 100 THÀNH PHẦN CÔN TRÙNG CÁNH CỨNG (COLEOPTERA) TẠI KHU BẢO TỒN THIÊN NHIÊN XUÂN NHA, SƠN LA Lê Bảo Thanh Trường Đại học Lâm nghiệp TÓM TẮT Bằng phương pháp thu thập mẫu trên các điểm điều tra tại Khu Bảo tồn thiên nhiên Xuân Nha, Sơn La đã ghi nhận được 129 loài thuộc 11 họ thuộc bộ cánh cứng, trong đó họ Scarabaeidae là họ có số loài nhiều nhất chiếm 30,2% tổng số loài, họ Chrsomelidae chiếm 17,8%, họ Coccinellidae chiếm 14,7%, họ Cerambycidae chiếm 13,2%, họ Curculionidae chiếm 7,8%, họ Buprestidae chiếm 6,2%, họ Tenebrionidae, họ Elateridae và họ Anobiidae chiếm 2,3%, ít nhất là họ Meloidae và họ Anthribidae chiếm 1,6%. Họ Scarabaeidae có số giống lớn nhất chiếm 31,4%, họ Cerambycidae chiếm 18,6%, họ Coccinellidae chiếm 12,8%, họ Chrsomelidae chiếm 11,6%, họ Curculionidae chiếm 9,3%, họ Elateridae và họ Tenebrionidae chiếm 3,5%, còn lại các họ khác chỉ chiếm 2,3%. Phần lớn các loài thuộc nhóm ít gặp chiếm 73% tổng số loài, các loài trong nhóm thường gặp chiếm 21% và các loài nhóm ngẫu nhiên gặp chiếm 6%. Sinh cảnh thảm cỏ cây bụi lớn nhất chiếm 36.8% tổng số loài, tiếp đến là sinh cảnh khu vực dân cư sinh sống chiếm 35,3%, sinh cảnh rừng tự nhiên chiếm 22,5%, sinh cảnh rừng phục hồi chiếm 22,1%, sinh cảnh trồng cây nông nghiệp chiếm 19,9%, sinh cảnh rừng tre nứa chiếm 8,53%. Các loài ăn lá, vỏ cây, đục thân cành, hại rễ có số lượng nhiều nhất chiếm 62,0%, số loài có vai trò phân hủy xác động – thực vật, cải tạo đất chiếm 21,7%, số loài có vai trò ăn thịt chiếm 14,7% và có 2 loài chưa xác định được vai trò chiếm 1,6%. Từ khoá: Cánh cứng, khu bảo tồn thiên nhiên, Xuân Nha. Received : 15/8/2017 Revised : 03/10/2017 Accepted : 10/10/2017