Giáo trình Thương mại điện tử - Chương 5: Ứng dụng thương mại điện tử trong doanh nghiệp - Đỗ Thị Nhâm

cho tien di ra (outflow). Cac s6 lieu nay ding dugc dua ra trong bao cao thu chi nhung day la nhung con s6 chinh xac nhAt bari thu nhap chi thuc su dugc ghi nhan khi no dugc bo ra va chi phi dugc ghi nhan khi da kiem tra da thanh toan. Phan cu6i ding dr day la ket thfic s6 du tien mat. Neu con s6 nay la am lien tiep trong hai kb thi se khien cac nha dAu tu phai canh giac. 5.6.9. Trinh bay ka hogch kinh doanh coign ter mOt each hifu qua Nhieu ke hoach kinh doanh khong dugc viet ra ma chi dugc dua ra trinh bay. Vi du, neu nhu t6 chirc cho vay cua ngan hang hay cac dog ty dAu tu mao hiem quyet dinh dAu tu vao mOt du an, thi tot nhAt la chii dAu tu du an phai trinh bay voi nhirrig nguari nay hcm la vai nhung thanh vien cua ban ke hoach. Trinh bay ban ke hoach se gifip cac nha dAu tu CO the dat ra hang boat cac cau hoi vori chu dau tu du an. 366 NhUng kien thirc co ban de trinh bay: + Biet d6i tugng huang tai la ai: Sau khi da lap ke hoach cho doanh nghiep, thi hay chu lan bi trinh bay ten ngued nghe nhang thong tin ho can, mong mutm nghe, kien thirc can thiet ma h9 quan tam. Met s6 cau hoi d;at ra tn.rac khi trinh bay: • Ho la ai (vi tri chuyen mon, lira tu6i, vai tro trong cuOc hop nay)? • Ho da biet nhimg gi (kien thirc cua cac nganh cong nghiep, kien thirc ve k57thuat, thuat ngfr, ho da doc ban ke hoach nay)? • Ban ke hoach có dieu gi khien ho quan tam (du kien led itch, IC& qua hoc tap, thuc hien cac quyet dinh dugc)? Vi du, gia sir cac d6i tugng nghe ban Ice hoach la cac t6 chirc tin dung ngan hang. Trong b6i canh dO, nen dua ra tong quan ve va nhang mong mu6n dat dugc tir ban Ice hoach kinh doanh dien tir. Khong nen chi tap trung vao tiep thi, hay tai chinh hay trong dien mao web nhu the nao. Ma thay vi vay nen trinh bay tong quan ve ke hoach, dua ray tuong kinh doanh, cling nhu nhimg du kien ve tai chinh ding nhu nhu cau ve von. + Thai gian trinh bay: phai bao g6m ca thoi gian h6i va tra loi. Phai xac dinh dugc thed gian doanh nghiep CO va thai gian de hed va tong kat. CO tat ca bao nhieu ngued trinh bay: CO the mot nhOm se cling nhau trinh bay ve ban ke hoach kinh doanh. Moi nguai se trinh bay trong met khoang tiled gian that dinh. D6i vai nhUng trinh bay nao teen 15 phut thi tot nhat la tir 2 nguai trinh bay tro. len. Mtii nguai trinh bay chi khoang 10-15 phut. Tai sao? Bed vi bai trinh bay se tra len hap can hem neu dugc nhieu nguai trinh bay, va qua day se cho thAy nhieu quan diem kinh doanh dugc dua ra. + In bai trinh bay va phat cho ngued nghe: Luon co met ban copy bai trinh bay cho ngued nghe. T6t nhAt in 3 hoc6 slide tren met trang giAy. Viccung cap ban photo trinh bay tnroc hocsau trinh bay tit)/ thuOc vao ngued trinh bay, tuy nhien nguoi nghe thuang mu6n có chimg truck bad trinh bay de giup ho de theo doi va ghi lai. Tuy nhien, nguai nghe doi khi qua tap trung vao ban photo ma khong chu y tai bai trinh bay. 367 5.7. Xfiy dung quin 1ST website thirong mai dien tir vi bin hang true tuyen 5.7.1 Cdc cong nghe z&y dung website thwang mai dien tfr \re phan mem website thucmg mai dien tir, hien nay tren thi trutmg dang chao ban rat nhieu san pham cua cac nha cung cap khac nhau, ben canh do c6 rat nhieu san pham ma ngu6n ma mien phi ten mang, chi can dAu to thoi gian, nhan lvc c6 the tuy bi'en a sir dung dugc theo nhu cAu cua doanh nghiep. Tuy nhien, viec lva ch9n san pham nao de sir dung tuy thuOc vao chien lugc va mvc dich cim cong ty. De xay dung mOt he th6ng hoan chinh, phit hgp vori d'ac thu rieng, doanh nghiep co the thue cat chuyen gia phan tich va xay dung giai phap tir dau. Vori giai phap xay dung to dAu, dei hoi chi phi cao ca thai gian lan tien bac, tuy nhien phucmg phap nay se dem lai mOt san pham hoan thien, phu hgp nhAt vai nhu cAu cua doanh nghiep. Vai giai phap lua ch9n cac san pham CO an teen thi4nrimg, ke ca phan mem thucmg mai hay phAn mem ma ngu6n ma, can chit y xem xet sv phu hgp cua phan mem do voi nhu cau cua cong ty, tren co so d6 dua ra lva ch9n san phArn phu hqp nhk. VOi cach thirc nay, doanh nghiep CO the nhanh chong so hitu dugc phan mem website thucmg mai dien tir phu hgp voi gia phai chang. Tuy nhien vai giai phap nay doi khi khong the hien dugc het d4c thil, net rieng va the math cua cong ty. Voi Iva ch9n giai phap ma nguOn ma, doanh nghiep Lai can co d6i ngu phan vien IT gioi de phvc vu cho viec tuy bien phan mem phu hgp voi nhu cAu ding nhu de duy tri va phat trien trong tucmg lai. 5.7.2. Mdy chii web, He quan trj at so dfi. lieu, Neon ngfr l(tp trinh web 5.7.2.1. Ph:4n mem may chli web Apache (H77'P) Apache la mOt irng dung may chii web ma nguto ma. Apache dugc viet vao nam 1993 tren nen HTTP (giao thirc truyen tai sieu van ban). Apache c6 the chay tren nhieu he dieu harsh khac nhau nhu Unix, Linux, Microsoft Windows, Novell Netware, Mac OS X va cac he dieu hanh khac. Phan mem may chit web Apache khong ngirng phat trien va troy thanh phan mem CO suc canh tranh marsh so vori cac may cha khac ve mat hieu suk va tinh nang 368 phong phu. Sau 3 nam di vao Ung dung, Apache da tor thanh mOt chucmg trinh may chit HTTP thong dung nhat. Hien nay Apache dugc cai dAt teen khoang 53% may chit web tren the giai. Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) la dei thn canh tranh chinh dm Apache vai 32% thi phan tren toan the gith. Nguoi dung may chit web Apache c6 kha nang ca biet h6a cao cac trang web dm minh bang cach cai them cac module do ben thir ba cung cap de ma rOng cac chirc nang cua trang web. Ngoai ra Apache con cho phdp nguai dimg c6 the viet ma code de xay dung nhang module mai phuc vu cho muc dich rieng. Hon nira Apache la may chit web ma nguen ma on dinh va nhanh cho phep nguai dung tiet kiem dugc thOi gian quan kh6ng 16 ve tim kiem thong tin Google.com ding dang dimg ling dung may chit web Apache. Apache cho phep nguai dimg c6 the xay chmg cac trang web voi quy mo khac nhau tit mOt trang web ca nhan cho tai mOt trang web ma hang trieu nguai c6 the truy cap vao. Apache dugc sir dung de lam may chit cho cac trang web voi nOi dung finh va trang web dOng. Hien nay, mOt s6 nha phat trien phan mem img dung dd cai dAt Apache nhu may chit ten may tinh ca nhan de kiem tra viec viet code san pham truac khi dem ra thucmg mai h6a. 5.7.2.2. Ngon ngu lap trinh web PHP PHP la ngon ner lap trinh dugc sir dung ph6 bien hien nay de xay dung website. PHP dugc viet vao narn 1994, ban dAu c6 nghia la trang chit ca nhan (Personal Home Page). Tinh den nay PHP d'a dugc sir dung rOng rai va ph6 bien va dugc hieu nhu la phan mem xir ly sieu van ban (Hypertext Preprocessor). PHP la ngon ngir lap trinh don gian gift') nguai dung xay dung cac trang web dOng. Hien nay PHP 6 la phial ban mai nhat va dang dugc sir dung thir. NgOn ngir lap trinh PHP gan gitmg vai C+ va Java. PHP la ma nguen mb c6 the a dang nhung vao trang HTML. PHP la ng6n ngir lap trinh de sir dung, t6c dO nhanh han so vai cac nein ngit lap trinh khac. Hien nay PHP dugc cai dAt ten 20 trieu website va 1 trieu may chit web. Phan mem nem ngir lap trinh web PHP c6 the cai tren may chit web dm Windows, Mac OS X, Linux, Solaris va mOt s6 phien ban dm Unix. Khi chuyen he tilting van hanh may chit web, nguai dung khong phai thay d6i 369 bat cir ng8n nail lap trinh PHP. Nguai dung chi can sao chep dr may chit web Window sang may chit Unix. 5.7.2.3. He quail tri ca sa du lieu MySQL MySQL la he quan tri ca set dit lieu &raj clang bang cOt va la ma ngu6n ma dugc sir dung ph6 bien nhat the giai. MySQL cho phep thu thap du lieu cluoi dang van ban, so, file duai clang nhi phan. He quan tri ca so du . lieu MyQL bao g6m may chit MySQL de chay va quan ly ca so dit lieu va may khach MySQL la giao dien dm may chit d6i voi nguai dung. MySQL la img dung dun gian, c6 t6c dO nhanh, on dinh han cac bat cu he thtmg ca sa du lieu khac (bao g6m he th6ng thuang mai nhu Oracle, DB2). Han nita, MySQL c6 the cai dat teen nhieu he dieu hanh va nem net lap trinh khac nhau. MySQL c6 the quan ly ca sot dit lieu viet diroi dang PHP, Perl va Java. He quan tri ca so dit lieu MySQL dugc viet duoi neon ngit lap trinh C va C++. He quan tri ca so du lieu nay c6 t6c dO xir ly va bao mat cao. MySQL cho phep nguai dung c6 the xir ly ca so dit lieu vai kh6i luting Ian. Ngoai ra nguai dung MySQL con c6 the thay d6i ma code dm cac img dung. Chinh vi vay MySQL luon la sk.r chgn lua cho nhang t6 chirc muon truy cap ca so clit lieu tren interne. Tuy nhien MySQL van can mOt s6 mat han the nhu khong hO trg cho nhang img dung ma rOng dm Oracle. MySQL, MYSQL va mysql hoan town la 3 img dung khac nhau va thu?mg dugc dung tham khao cho ca so dit lieu clang dugc trin khai. MySQL la bi) trgn g6i quan tri ca so da lieu. MYSQL la img dung quan tri cac ket not tai ca so dit lieu. Con mysql la img dung g6i may chit khach nham lc& not voi may chit ca so dir lieu MySQL. 5.7.2.4. G6i phdn tne'm XAMPP XAMPP la gOi phan m'em bao g6m cac img dung may chit web vao trong mOt g6i lap dat. XAMPP dugc tao ra de dam bao rang tat ca cac phien ban may chit web trong g6i lap dat la tucmg thich vai nhau va c6 the cimg nhau hoat Ong. Chinh vi vay viec cai dat XAMPP se mat it thai gian han la cal dat timg g6i img dung. Chit X trong XAMPP c6 nglifa la sir da dung trong he thtmg hoat Ong. Cac chir con lai nghia la Apache MySQL PHP Perl. G6i phan mem XAMPP c6 the chay ten cac he dieu hanh bao gOm 370 Windows, Linux, Sun Solaris va Mac OS. M8'i mOt he ditu hanh c6 mOt goi phan mtm XAMPP rieng. XAMPP la phan mein ma ngutn ma ho trg cho viec xay dung cac trang web dOng. XAMPP con c6 the chay cung voi mOt s6 module khac nhu OpenSSL va phpMyAdmin. XAMPP cho phdp cac nha xay dung va lap trinh website c6 th6 kitm tra dugc cong viec dm fig ten may tinh ca nhan ma khong can truy cap Internet. Ditm not bat XAMPP dem lai cho nguad diing do la cung cap cong cu bao mat bang mat khau. 5.7.2.5. Phdn mem website quan tri not dung Jommla Joomla la phan intm website quan tri nOi dung ma ngutn ma (CSM — Content Management Systems). Phan mtm xay dung website Joomla dugc viet bang ngon ngir PHP va ket not v6i co sa di lieu MySQL. Joomla cho phep nguad ditng c6 th6 xu& ban not dung teen trang web hoac Intranet. Titri than dm Joomla la Mambo ma nguiin ma dugc danh gia la "giai phap ngutn mar tot nhAt". Phan mtm Joomla dugc xay dung bad nhOm "Open Source Matters". Day chinh la nhom da viet len phan mein Mambo, tuy nhien nhotn nay do bAt dtng quan ditm vai cong ty nen da to tach rieng ra va viet len phari mtrn Joomla Sr Wong gieng Mambo. Muc dich chinh khi thitt kt Joomla do la cho nguari dimg cuei ding chinh vi vay phan intm nay khong cung cap cac phuang tien can thiep vao ben trong. Hai dac ditm chinh cua Joomla la a quan tri va thay d6i giao dien. Han ntra tinh bao mat ciia cac trang web xay dung bang phan mtrn Joomla co tinh bao mat cao. Phan mtrn Joomla dugc ung dung de xay dung cac trang web ca nhan tai trang web ciia cac t6 chirc lan NAM nhitu frng dung phirc tap. Phan front-end dm Joomla c6 cac thanh phan ca ban nhu 1)6 dem trang (page caching) dt tang t6c d6 hitn thi, chi muc, dgc tin RSS, trang in, ban tin nhanh, blog, dien dan, tim kiem, binh chgn va ho trg ngon ngft. Cac thanh phan nay c6 th6 dugc giai thieu het teen website hoc co th6 An di. Ca sar du lieu cua Joomla dugc chia lam ba cap khac nhau, cao nhk la section, tiep den la category, cuei ding la content item (hay article). Cach chia ca so da lieu nay cho phep nguai quan li quan tri tot thong tin caa trang web cong nhu cho phep nguari diing a ding tim kiem va theo doi thong tin ten trang web. 371 Joomla dang ngay cang phe bien va sir dung rOng rdi do viec sir dung no rat dam gian, ngoai ra giao dien cua Joomla rat la bat mat va de dang thay Joomla co hai phien ban chinh bao gem Joomla 1.0.x va Joomla 1.5.x. Phien ban Joomla 1.0.0 c6 nguen gec tir Mambo 4.5.2.3. Lru diem dm Joomla 1.0.x la co nhieu module, mau template cho giao dien, thanh phan nhung. Tuy nhien phan mem Joomla 1.0.x chi NI trg ngon ngir Tieng Viet. Chinh vi vay ma nhOm xay dung Joomla da viet lai hoan toan phan mem von phien ban Joomla 1.5.x. Phien ban nay trau chuet han, link hoat han, bo tri hgp 1$, han phien ban 1.0.x. Diem not bat cua Joomla 1.5.x la hi; trq ngon ngir v6i kieu UTF-8, c6 them m6 hinh chung thuc. Tuy nhien Joomla 1.5.x la hoan town dugc viet mai nen no con c6 met so han the so voi Joomla 1.0.x nhultii bao mat thong tin. 5.7.2.6. Phdn mem cica hang truc tuyln Virtuemart Virtuemart la giai phap phan mem thuong mai dien tir ma nguen ma dugc thiet ke nhu la phan ma rOng cua N thong quan tri not dung Mambo va Joomla. Phan mem cira hang ao Virtuemart dugc viet bang ngon ngfr lap trinh PHP va luu trir tren ca sey dir lieu MySQL. Phan mem Virtuemart la met ma nguen ma nen nguen lap trinh co the thay doi ma code cho phu hop von muc dich,xay dkmg website. Phan mem giai phap dm hang truc tuyen Virtuemart rat phii hop cho cac trang web c6 luting ngtrai truy cap & mirc duori trung binh. Phien ban mai nhat cua Virtuemart la 1.1.x. Virtuemart dugc xem la gi6 mua hang, met au thanh be phan cua website cho phep giai thieu cac san pham mai nhat. Met san pham c6 the phan vao nhieu category khac nhau. Ngoai ra met san pham c6 the c6 nhieu mirc gia khac nhau. Viec tinh gia san pham dua ten nh6m nguai mua, se luting mua. Va phan mem dm hang truc tuyen Virtuemart con cho phep thanh town bang nhieu hinh thirc khac nhau. Doi vai cac san pham so haa Virtuemart cho phep nguai tieu diing tai ve. 5.7.3. Ceti (101 va guan ly website thwang mgi diftt to 5.7.3.1. Cai clot Website Bulk 1. Chi dhl Xampp Chay file Xampp trong thu muc tai nguyen. Sir dung ban Xampp 1.6.7, 372 c6 the download tai dia chi . Muc Cai dat may chic web Apache va He quim tri ca sa da. lieu MySQL Built 2. Tao co so din lieu cho website Ma FireFox hoac IE; Vao dia chi: Chon PhpMyadmin trong muc Tools Nh4p vao Ten co so (lir lieu (vd. mobile_data) va chon kieu dit lieu utf8_general_ci (a ho trot ting Viet cho website sau nay). Sau khi chon xong click vao Create a thuc hien viec to CSDL. Luu Ghi nha ten ca sa du lieu cte clang trong qua trinh cai dat website. Buov 3. Chi dat website Sir dung be cai Joomla phien ban mai nhk (co the download tai: hoac www.joomla.org). Copy nOi dung website vao trong thu muc C:\xampp\htdocs Luu 351: Neu gicii nen 1.0 cat website can giai nen vao 1 thu muc de sau do doi ten va thuc hien cai Luu y 2: Trong htdocs, mai thu muc china toan bO nOi dung mot website, co the cal dat nhieu website tren cling mat may cha. Vi du: sau khi giai nen, doi ten thu muc website thanh mobile, khi do duang dAn den website c6 ding C:\xampp\htdocs\mobile (luu trong thu mix mobile 16c nay china town be nei dung website) D6 khai deng qua trinh cai dat website, chay FireFox hoac IE. N14 vao dia chi: (de khoi dOng qua trinh cai dat cho website mobile — nei dung trong thu muc ..htdocs/mobile). Luu niu sir clung thu muc khcic thi goi duang can theo ten dm mix do. 14 du: dm mix ..htdocs/laptopmart thi &tong ddn la Thuy hi'en dii 7 bulk de chi dat theo huirng dan ciia hi) cai ! - Tai busk se 1, chon ngon ngit la tieng Viet de de theo doi; - Tai buac se 2, 3 An Next/Tiep theo; - Tai buck se 4: nh4p vao localhost, root, mat khAu de trong, ten co so. din lieu di' ttio a buck 2 (vd. mobile_data) — Luu )5 doe ky huong den tren 373 man hinh cai chat tai bit& nay d din chinh xac thong tin vao cac o twang ling; Buck 5: click vao nut Next/Tiep theo; Buck 6: nhap vao ten website, email, mat khAu quan tri. Luu y: Nha mat khAu nay de sir dung sau nay. Buac 7: hoan tat viec cai at bang each xOa thu muc Installation nam trong thu mix Mobile a tren. Bu.6.c 4. M& website de xem: Dung dia chi: &ere 5. Quin tri website: Dung dia chi: Nhap vao ten dang nhap (admin) va mat khAu (da dat trong btreic 6 a phAn cai at). 5.7.3.2. Quan ly Website BtrIre 1. Chi 41 Tieng Vi?t - Vao phAn Quan tri: - Nhap vao ten va mat khAu - Vao phAn Extensions (a cot thir 5) - Ch9n Install (a dung 1) - Tai giao dien cai at, Browse den thu muc tai nguyen, chon file nen vi-VN.rar, sau do An vao nut cai al (a cai dat tieng Viet cho phAn nguai dung). - Tiep tuc Browse den thu muc tren, ch9n tiet vi-VN_admin de cai tieng Viet cho phAn Quan tri. Sau khi cai dat xong, ch9n Extensions, tai Bang thir 5 chon tiep Language Manager, kich chon o Tieng Viet a timg phan Front end Nth Administration, sau do An va nut Default a xac nhan. Sau buoc nay, website hien thi cac huang can bang tieng Viet a ca phAn Frontend va Backend. Btrin 2. Thay dai banner - Thy timg template ma website se sir dung. 374 - Khuyen khich cac nhom chgn tong Template tily y va nghien ciru sir - MOi template c6 1 thu muc rieng chira anh, style va cac tai nguyen lien quan. De chinh sira logo, chon thu muc template, sau do chon thu muc co ten dm template dang dung tim den anh dang dung lam logo va thay vao d6 1 anh mai. Vi du template mac dinh khi cai xong website c6 ten la rhuk milkyway' De sira logo dm template nay tir thu muc website, chon template->rhuk milkyway->images. Trong thu muc d6 CO 1 file anh `mw_ oomla logo.png' clang dugc dung lam logo. De thay logo, cach dam gian nhat la thiet Ice 1 cai anh khac co ciing kich thuac, ten va loai file vii file nay, sau d6 copy thay vao trong thu muc do. Bulk 3. Quin ly Main Menu Vao phAn Quan tri ch9n trinh don cot 2), chgn Main Menu (a clang thin 3). Mu6n sira Menu nao, kich chuOt thing vao Menu do de chinh sira. Vi du: Home > Trang chu; Products > San pham. Buirc 4. Quin ly Top Menu Trong phAn Quan tri chon Trinh dam, chgn Top Menu (a dung thir 5). Trong d6 co 4 menu con, de sira menu nao, kich chu6t vao menu d6. Sira ten trong bang cau hinh va Save lai (nut save goc tren, ben phoi). Bulk 5. Quin IS, Menu ben trai - Tat hai muc Main Menu va Other Menu a cot ben trai. - Vao phAn quan tri. - Vao Phan ma rang > Quan V, Module > Tai cot vi tri, ch9n Left de hien thi cac module a cot ben trai. LAn loot kich vao nut dau tich mau xanh a tat cac menu Main menu va Other menu. - Ra trang front-end de kiem tra (An F5 hoc Refresh de kiem tra ket qua). Bithc 6. DOi ten cac module ben trai - Vao phAn quan tri. 375 - Vao PhAn ma rOng > Quan 1S, Module > Tai cOt thir 3, Chon vi tri, chon Left. Cac module dm cOt ben trai duac sap sep dung filly tu. - Mu6n sera ten module nao, kich chuOt vao do va sira ten, sau do Save lai. Ltru Sr: Module nay la module thuOc phAn quail 15, dm hang, se thuc hanh chi tit a phAn sau. Day la loai module Article Categories cho phep hien thi cac nh6m tin (categories). Buirc 7. To mOt khi MENU de quail VT tin, hien thi & ben trait pm cac ni)i dung sau: THIEU SAN PHAM - Samsung - Nokia - Motorola - BenQ Muc dich: Khi kich vao cac menu nay se hien ra th8ng tin giai thieu chung ve timg loai san phAin do. Day la Menu tin giai thieu ve cac hang, Bong san phAm. Cac buac cu the nhu sau: - Truck het vao phAn Quan tri (i) NOi dung (cOt 3) > Quan ly nhom tin > Them mai (ben phai, tren) Dat ten Nhom tin (Section) la: SAN PHAM (ii) NOi dung > Quan ly chi' de con > Them mai Them l'an Luca cac chu de con tuang ting vai Samsung, Nokia, Motorola, BenQ. btu khi them, clot ten va chon cha de con nalm trong nhom tin la SAN PHAM da tao a biz& tren. (iii) Tao kh6i MENU tucmg img voi Nh6m tin SAN PHAM khi kich vao Menu do se hien thi tin ra ngoai trang chi* - Vao phan quan tri. 376 - Trinh don (On 2) > Quan lY Menu (clang 1). - Them mai, luu y dien ca 4 0 la : SAN PHAM sau d6 Luu lai. Luu Buac nay mai chi tao ra Kh 64 menu, chua có menu cu th'j link cle'n cac hang. (iv) Hi& thi Menu ra ngoai (41 tai cOt ben trai, vi tri dau tien) - VAo phan quan - Phan ma rOng (OA 5) > Quan ly MO dun (dOng 2). - Tim mo dun c6 ten la SAN PHAM vira tao, kich chuO't vao do a au hinh. Luu y: Chon cac nut: Cho hiki thi tieu a, Da bet, vi tri la Left . Sau do Luu lai. - Kim trait phan front-end (An F5 hoc Refresh). Luu Y: Sau buac nay, tren trang chit mai chi c6 Ten tieu a Menu to, chua co cac menu con trong do. * Eh) tuc to cac Menu con - vao phan quan tri. - Trinh don (cOt 2) > SAN PHAM (clang cuOi). - Them mai —> Cac bai vik/Article >Giao din chit a con dang Blog layout > Nh4p vao du cac thong tin a nhang 8: Tieu d&', Alias va Chit d6' con tuang irng vai ten Menu con do, vi du: menu la Samsung thi Chit a con chon la Samsung. - Sau do Luu lai va ra ngoai ki6'm tra. Lan lugt tao dit cac Menu con tuang (mg vbi cac loai san pham da du kien. Luu Khi kich vao cac Menu con IA deu chua c6 tin chi tit do chua tao tin trong cac thu mix tin a hi'en thi ra ngoai. Bulk 8. Tao tin cho cac Menu tren - Vao phan quan tri. - NOi dung (OA 3) > Quan ly bai vie't (dong 1). - Them mai. 377 - Nhap vao cac nOi dung dm bai viet : + Tieu de + Alias + Chon : Chu de + Chon : Chu de con + Nhap vao NOi dung + Chen Anh + Chen Phim - Sau do Lau. - Ra ngoai va kiem tra a phAn front-end. * Tiep tic 4o them mOt khOi Menu v(ri nOi dung sau : - Tao mot Section la CAC DICH VV. - Tao 3 Categories vai ten la: Dao tao, Tu van, Dich vu khach hang. - Moi category tao 5 tin vai day du hinh anh, phim, nhac. 5.7.3.3. Quern ly cac Module char nang tren website Birk 9. Bien tap duirng dan Breadcrumbs Chon Phan ma rang-> Quern ly m6 —dun->Breadcrumbs. Go nOi dung vao 8 Deng chfr cho mac Trang chu, sau do An !Wit Lwu a goc phai-tren. Buirc 10. Bien tap menu: popular news Chon Phan ma rang-> Quern ly mo —dun->Popular trang 2) Sau do chinh cac tham so nhu tieu cue , vi tri,... va an nett Lwu a goc phcii —tren DOi ten thanh TIN NOI BAT. Crc 11. Bien tap menu: latest news Ch9n Phcin ma rOng-> Quart ly mo —dun->Latest News (o. trang 2. Sau do chinh cac tham s6 nhu tieu de, vi va an nut Diu a gOc. phai — tren. DOi ten thanh TIN MOI NHAT 378 Birk 12. Bien Op din tren trang chii: Welcome to Frontpage > Chao mirng doanh nghiksp den v(ri Website ThegioiMobile. Chon Trinh den -> Main menu -> Home (chii Sr hang co dau sao mau yang a cot Mee dinh), ch9n Ccic tham s6 - He Mang, d6i nOi dung vao Tieu dd trang thanh Chao mirng doanh nghiep d'L von Website ThegioiMobile. Bulk 13. Bien gip tieu de cac tin tren trang chi* (Frontpage Manager) Chgn IV& dung-> Quan ly trang chic. Mu6n sera tieu a ban tin nao, chon ban tin d6. GO lai tieu a ban tin trong o Tieu dd, va cac th6ng tin khac n'L can, sau d6 An nut Lwu a goc phai — tren. Buck 14. Bien Op Module Polls Ch9n Component s-> Tham db, chon Them mm, sau d6 nhep tieu a, Alias, An Yes/D6ng Sr 6 lua chgn de dugc bet va nOi dung dm cac lua chon. Sau d6 An nut Lwu a gac phai —tren. Ch9n Phin ma Ong -> Quan ly Mo dun, chon nut Mon (phai - teen), chon Loai Tham db y kiln (cOt 2, hang 6). Nhap tieu a, de bet, vi tri,... chon Them do Y kiln tro tai phiL them do mai tao a buck tren. Bulk 15. Bien tap Advertising Luu St: To Ads mai trong Components/Banners/Banners; tao bang cach copy cac ads di, r6i chink sira; Luu y: Chen anh vao cac quang cao trong Advertising bAng each them (long lenh tro an anh can chen. Chgn Components -> Bang quang cao -> The loaf, chon them mod, nhep tieu a, alias, da dugc bet,.. sau d6 An nut Luu. Chgn Components ->Bdng quan cao -> Cdc khdch hang, chon them nhep cac thOng tin can thiet, sau d6 An btu. Ch9n Components -> Bang quang cao -> Bang quang cao, ch9n them nhep cac thong tin tuang ung, nhep nOi dung quang cao, du6ng d'Art hinh anh vao 6 Thy chfrn ma quang cao sau do An Lwu. 379 Chun ph&'n ma rung -> quan ly me, dun, ch9n nut mai, ch9n bang quang cao, nhap cac thong tin tieu de, alias, da bat, vi tri, bang quang cao cua khach, chit de con,... sau do an Luu. Birerc 16. Cac thao tac di sao hru va khei phyc lyi website buac 1, sau khi cai xong Xampp, mac dinh may tinh se sinh ra mOt thu muc xampp teen 15 C. Trong do có 2 thu muc quan trong do la htdocs va mysql. Thu muc htdocs chfra ma nguim cua cac website, con thu muc mysql chira du lieu dm cac website. De sao luu 1 website cu the nao do, copy thu muc co ten la ten website tucmg frng trong htdocs va thu muc dit lieu tuong ung trong mysql\data. Khi nao can khOi phuc thi copy ngugc lai tir ncri backup sang chinh xac 2 thu muc tuong img ten. Vi du website co ten la mobile, copy thu muc mobile vao trong thu muc. 5.7.4. cal, dat va quan 1y ceta hang true tuyin Birk 1. Chi d#t &a hang trip tuyen - Sir dung b0 cai VirtueMart1.1.2-COMPLETEPACKAGE.j15.zip download tai website: hoac www.virtuemart.com - Giai nen 1)0 cai VirtueMart_1.1.2-COMPLETEPACKAGE.j15.zip ra mOt thu mix nao dO, trong thu muc do co thu mix con module, plugins NIA mot 1)0 cai com_virtuemart_l . 1 .2.j 1 5 .zip. - De cai cira hang tivc tuyin, ch9n Phan ma Ong -> Cai d(it/Thtio ch9n Browse tim den file com_virtuemart_1.1.2.j15.zip, sau do an nut Tai tap tin len & cai dat. Chun Install SAMPLE DATA de cai dat dir lieu /du, .n OK, cher cho den khi chucmg trinh cai xong. Birk 2. Ciiu hinh cira hang trip tuyen de hien th1 tren trang chu - Ch9n PhAn ma rung -> Cai dat/Thao ger, ch9n nut Browse, ch9n den thu muc module mai dugc giai nen tir b0 cai cua hang trkrc tuyen, ch9n module mod_virtuemart_1.1.2.j15.zip, sau do ch9n nut Tai tap tin len & cai dat. - Ch9n Phan ma rOng -> Quin 1S, mo dun, ch9n VirtueMart Module, ch9n da bat la Yes, va chinh cac tham s6 can thiet khac, sau do An nut Luu. 380 Buck 3. Cai dat g6i ng8n ngfr tieng Vigt cho Cira hang trip tuyen Ctich 1 - Gar nen 130 cai tieng viet cho cira hang trrc tuyen Language Packfor_VirtueMart_1.1.2, trong dO se c6 1 thu muc c6 ten la languages. - Copy thu muc languages vao thu mix website\ administrator\ components\ com_virtuemart - Doi ten cac file vietnames thanh english trong tat ca cac thu muc trong language. Cdch 2: - Vao thu muc website -> administrator -> components 4 com_virtuemart -*language - Moi thu mix con dm thu flux tren co 1 tep english.php tucmg img - Mop cac tep do ra, va thay true tier, nOi dung tieng viet cho cac tir tieng anh tucmg Binfec 4. 14o 5 nh6m san phAm, mai nhom tao 3 nh6m con - Chon Components -> Virtuemart, ch9n Category Tree, ch9n New, sau do nhap cac thong tin can thiet nhu ten category,... - Neu tao "nhom con" thi phai ch9n "nhom cha" tai 6' Parent. - Sau khi nhap du thong tin an nut Save. &lire 5. C4p nh4t 5-10 san phAm cho mai nh6m con (tOng Ong 75- 150 san Ch9n Components -> Virtuemart, ch9n San pham, sau d6 ch9n Them nhap cac thong tin can thiet sau do an nut Save. Btectc 6. Bong vai fro khach hang, tu. Tang k5, mOt tai khofin: Dang ki mot tai lchoan vi du khl/abc123 ten giao dien trang chit tai muc Dung ky. Sau do dang nhap va thvc hien qua trinh dat hang 381 5.7.5. Nang clip va phcit trien website thwang mgi difn ter Doanh nghiep có the to cai dal them cac Component, Module mai cho website a the hien y tuCmg cua minh. Nghien ciru va sir dung cac Component, Module mop rOng ten website: www.joomla.org, phan Extension. 5.7.6. nix hank sir dyng kip do'ng dinva thanh loan dien B2C Bong vai trO quan tri vao kich hottt tai khoin khach hang Tir giao dien quan tri, chon Quan If, thanh vien, an chuOt trai vao bieu Wong 6 ton do tai cOt Da dw9c bat a kich hog tai khoan cua lchach hang. Thkrc hiO qua trinh mua hang: Tai giao dien trang chu, gO ten dang nhap va mat Ichau da dang ky vao '6 Ten clang nhap va mat khicu, sau do An nut Bang nhap, chon cac san pham can mua, chon Add to Cart, tiers tuc mua cac san pham khac tucmg tu. Mu6n xem gio hang, ch9n nut Show cart ben duai Cira hang dien tir. Mu6n ket thuc mua hang, chon Check Out, dien day du thong tin vao don hang, sau do an nut Send Registration, kiem tra thong tin dm don hang, nhap thong tin dia chi giao hang neu dia chi giao hang khong cling dia chi cua chu tai khan, sau do an Next. Chgn hinh thirc van chuyen, sau do An Next. Chip hinh thirc thanh toan, sau do An Next Nhap thong tin can km y neu co, sau do An Confirm Order d xac nhan dcm hang. Bong vai tro quan 15, cira hang vao kiem tra tinh trang cac don hang Chin Components -> Virtuemart, sau do chip Order -> List Order de xem va xir 15, cac dcm hang. 5.8. Phan tich bli tap tinh huOng 5.8.1. Case 1. Land's End dau tu. vao Tinton mgi dien tit Land's End la mOt trong nhung cong ty ban le quan do qua mang thanh 382 cong that cho den khi dugc Sears mua lai vao nam 2003. Hien nay, hog dOng vii to each mOt thanh vien dm Sears, Land's End van tiep tuc din dAu trong viec thu but khach hang an yeti website va quay lai mua hang tren website cua minh. Phia sau thanh ding nay IA mOt dOi ngu chuyen gia ve thucmg mai dien tir, cong nghe thong tin chuyen nghiep va gidu kinh nghiem lien tuc trien khai va b6 sung nhung tinh nang mai va hAp din de thu but dugc khach hang va dam bao website van hanh tot. Land's End luon barn sat hoat dOng cua website de dam bao chic chin moi khach hang deu di cam nhan tot khi den tham website. Nhom phu trach website luon phai lam viec tich ctrc a dam bao khach hang dugc sir dung dich vu tot vi tren thuc to luting khach hang an tham website tang len gAp doi moi nam. Ben canh do, yeu cAu d6i vii website lam thay d6i theo su tin b0 cua cong nghe. Vi du, t6c dO tai website ve may cira khach hang truac day dugc dat muc tieu la duoi 15 giay, hien nay muc tieu nay da thay d6i thanh dual 5 giay. Cac yeu cAu dugc dat ra het sire cu the, vi du nhu giai han t6i da va trung binh cua kich thuac cac anh tren moi trang web, thai han thuc hien cac thay dOi phai hoan thanh truac ngAy 1 thing 11 hang nam, dam bao truac infra nghi le va giang sinh, nam mai. Nguyen nhan la 40% doanh thu dm Land's End dugc thuc hien trong thing 11 va 12, vi vay tot nhAt IA khong nen CO thay dOi hay su co gi den hoat dOng cua website trong then gian nay. He th6ng may chi' dia. Land's End bao g6m ca san pharn dm IBM va Sun, có may chuyen trach de quan ly luu luting truy cap vao website. Viec quan ly cac chirc nang tinh to nhu do hoa (My Virtual Model) cong dugc cac may chi' chuyen trach thuc hien. NhCmg may chir nay dat tai tru so chinh dm Land's End tai Madison, Winscosin. Mac dir dOi nga ky thuat cua Land's End to viet mOt s6 phAn mem img dung de quail 1S, hog dOng cua website, Land's End van sir dung OM phap cira KeyNote Systems. Giai phap nay có the do luting t6c dO tai ve cira timg trang web va t6c dO thuc hien cac giao dich vao moi thOi diem trong ngay. Keynote có the thut hien dugc chirc nang nay tai hau het cac dia diem tren the giOi. Thong qua viec giam sat chat the timg chi del trong hoat dOng cua website, Land's End da duy tri dugc website hoat dOng vii tinh trang "tot 383 han mong doi", khi ma khdch hang bi thu but vao hoat dOng mua sam tren website han la chi' St den tinh trang boat dOng cua website, dOi ngu quan tri website Land's End da lam tot cong viec cua minh. Case 2. Sear va Wee ti-ng dyng thwang mai dien tir Su canh tranh ngay cang kh6c liet trong linh vac ban le la dOng lac khien Sears tien sau va thanh cong trong thuang mai dien tir. MOt trong nhiing quyet dinh thanh ding dm Sears trong qua trinh chuyen tit thucmg mai truyen th6ng sang thucmg mai dien dr la viec mua lai Land's End, mOt eking ty ban quan do qua mang. Qua trinh chuyen sang thuang mai dien tir ciia Sears da dugc he th6ng nhu sau: - Nam 1996, tung ra website www.sears.com - Nam 1997, trien khai ban hang true tuyen san pham Craftman tools - Nam 1999, ban cac thiet bi, phu tang tivc tuyen qua PartsDirect - Nam 2000, tiep tuc ding c6 www.sears.com va mpg ludri ban hang GlobalNetExchange - Nam 2001, trien khai hang boat boat dOng thucmg mai dien tir nhu: xix 1$, cac thanh town dien tir bang the tin dung, ke hoach boa cung cap thiet bi gia dinh va dich vu bao duang, mua hang qua mang-nhan hang tai dm hang, giam gid hang tuan - Nam 2002, mua lai Land's End Mac du Sears dau to lien tuc vao thucmg mai dien tix tir nam 1996 den 2002 nhung ty suat loci nhuan rat thap. Cu the, Sears la thanh vien sang lap ra san giao dich B2B GlobalNetExchange vii han 50.000 thanh vien. Dau nam 2003, Garry Kelly, CIO mai dm Sears quyet dinh tang ROI dm Sears. Viec mua lai Land's End dem lai kha nang ph6i hop gifra cac cfra hang khac cua Sears vai website, catalogue dien tir va he th6ng xir 1S/, thuc hien cac don dat hang (back-end). Sears da phai d6i mat vdri hang boat van de nhu: - Nhimg san pham nao se tang cuing ban qua mang, nhimg san pham nao nen de ban a cac kenh truyen th6ng? - Can xay dung bao nhieu dm hang truc tuyen? Bao nhieu nhOm san pham? 384 - Chinh sach ban hang va xir VI hang tra lai gift cac cira hang nen xay dung rieng hay chung? - Sap nhap Sears va Land's End nhu the nao de phat huy nhimg thanh cong dm Land's End? - Lam the nao de phat huy cac the manh dm Land's End vao mo hinh dm Sears Muc tieu dm CIO Kelly la bien Sears thanh cira hang dien tir B2C hang dAu teen the giai. Ca sa ha tang IT va thuang mai dien tir dugc phan tich va tach biet ro rang. Co qua nhieu sir ch6'ng cheo can xir ly ca trong quan 15/ hang hoa din kho va tieu thu hang hoa. De he th6ng hoa lai he thifing thong tin Sears dA phai giai quyet ba vAn de lan: - Phuang phap tot nhAt a sir dung web nhAm ban mOt s6 lugng 16n hang hem. - Chien lugc ma rOng va cling c6 cac hoat dOng B2C. - Sir dung mo hinh dm Land's End nhu the nao de ph6i h9p vai he th6ng truyen thiing eft Sears. Ben canh do Sears con phai giai quyet mOt s6 van de khac nhu: - Chien 'tux doi tac, lien minh nhu the nao de co the phat trien nhanh nhat. - DAu to de xay dtrng Wang lye san xuAt. - Ph6i hgp chitin lugc kinh doanh tong the va kinh doanh dien tir. - Chinh sach gia cho hoat dOng kinh doanh truyen th6ng va kinh doanh dien dr. Sears dA timg buac giai quy6't cac vAn de tren, tuy nhien den mua he nam 2004, K-Mart mua tai Sears, va chitin lugc kinh doanh dien tir cua Sears hien lai tra thanh mOt phAn trong chitin luac kinh doanh dien tir cua mOt cong ty lan han, do la K-Mart. Co rat nhieu giai phap cling nhu lua ch9n de co the xay dtmg dugc he th6ng thuang mai dien tir cho doanh nghiep. Tuy nhien, nhin chung can phai &Au to vao cac yeu t6 sau: DAu to duang truyen-mang Internet, cung cap kha nang ket not kho dir lieu ve thOng tin san pham dich vu cua doanh nghiep voi cac khach hang 385 tren toan the giai, cac loai duimg truy'en ph6 bien hien nay la kenh thue rieng (Leased-line), dich vu Internet bang thong rOng (ADSL),... Dau tu he th6ng may chi', not se- cai dat cac chuang trinh img dung, hru trir dir lieu de phuc vu cho hoat &Ong kinh doanh, viec dau tu nay c6 the la tu dAu tu hoc thue 1ai cua cac nha cong cap dich vu (hosting). Thue mot ten mien gan chat vai thucmg hieu cua citing ty, gan chat voi muc dich hoat dOng kinh doanh cua cong ty, de quang bd thong tin phuc vu cho viec kinh doanh. Dau tu phan mem cho he th6ng thuang mai dien tir (nhu website), cac phan mem hO trg bao g6m ca cac phan mem dich vu, cac phan mem quan tri ca sa du lieu,... Cac ytu t6 tao thanh he th6ng thucmg mai dien ta nay c6 quan h0 mat thiet vai nhau va phu thuOc ran nhau. Do do de trien khai thuang mai dien to can tim hieu ky cac yeu t6 de tranh dau tu lang phi. Bai thuv himh: cai d'a't WI sir dung mQt so phAn mem CRM Sugar CRM la phan mem quan ly quan he khach hang t6t danh cho cac cong ty tam c6 vira va nho. Rieng d6i vai VN, gia cua cac giai phap phan mem luon la van de hang dau thi Sugar CRM that sir la giai phap t6t khong chi d6i voi cong ty tam vaa va nho ma con thiet cho Ca cong ty km. Phan mem CRM (CRM Software) that su tra thanh can thiet khi cac doanh nghiep phat trien a mire kha nhanh va kip nhan ra khach hang quen thuOc la ngu6n lqi ca ban ciia hg. Vai chuang trinh SugarCRM, cong ty that sir co kha rang lam t6t cau thanh ngit "Khach hang la thugng de" vai mac dau tu thap. Cac phien ban du ciia Sugar CRM chay tren PHP va ca sa der lieu MySQL. Hien nay Sugar CRM software co them phien ban hO trg ca sa der lieu MS SQL va Oracle. He dieu hanh ho trg: • Linux. • Windows. • Mac OS. 386 Cac Module chinh: • Sales Management • Marketing Automation • Customer Support • Reporting capabilities • Collaboration • Administrative tools Hlnh 5.18. PhA'n mem Sugar CRM SUGARCRM. 14v LroLamy., n•••••LL1L . . SUGAR SUITE No. L*Pairl EAsialio howlmr6 I marl, 41.41.. 1...111 1/4.•1 ►Jig1iv, Wilt* Pissilali Lem, Camiallest 7 V411011 141401 .. • .• — my; •Upcoming A pp n,.) ini rrA ntg ",,,, .0. •- 7,0S42. L'I Nese+, 21141i • 1•11.41,0 ., Om* tkloaL Pia 14iitlt l'.. ityognit• n!. do 1 c:.,, Z .7.,-, : ... ,.., • Z'OCii..:4 :: 1.n 4'. Dog ;; ctrarckm..2404 i 2 1 3 ,....,. L.L4G114,444•142 n ..,,c10:....: IT , s otAt # .1r I e le il ;.: ekoneeLeee 1Z 15 15 1.1 t ti. II If 0.4* ,:wisw eky Inbor Vretrid Emilie 11 22 a.:7112 a 21 ... 5 • ....,...., - ,,.. • 1,..... , .. X. ion..s i ,,o. Z N. 4 V 0,411 Can , Ikalo. 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(NgOn ngu ti6ng Viet Bang chi cong ang Open source ngued Viet g6p sire). 387 • Da ngugi dung, phan cap nguai dung, chia se th6ng tin a clang. • Giao dien web than thien, tinh nAng phong • Quart ly tap trung. • Themes thay d6i giao dien. • Khong chi quan ly khach hang, ma con quan ly ca khach hang tiem !fang va cac di./ an tiem 'tang (leads). • Quan ly khach hang khong dirng lai a mire thong tin lien lac, ma con ltru tru v'e cac th8ng tin khac nhu cac cu6c gAp mat da dien ra, cac chit de a trao d6i cling nhu len lich hen yen khach hang nhu the nao, Nhang thong tin nay có the chia se cho cac &Ong nghiep de dang. Do do, teamwork dugc thuc hien tot va hieu qua. • Chia se tai lieu, bao gia gitra cac d6ng nghiep. • Quan ly lich hen. • Quan ly chin dich. • Quan ly chu trinh lam viec. • Th8ng bao cac tinh hung (Alert). • CO module b6 sung cho quan ly dIr an. • CO plug-ins tich hop vao Microsoft Outlook. Clic phien ban: • Enterprise Edition • Professional Edition • Appliance (tich hop nhu mot phAn cimg, chit doanh nghiep mua ve la dung ngay) • Open Source Edition • Ngoai ra, chit doanh nghiep có the sir dung phAn mem nay cling co the triL khai tren chinh host dm sugarCRM von chi phi hang nam phi thu6c vao s6 lugng users va tinh nang. • D6ng th&i, Sugar CRM cling nhan customize cac module theo yeu cAu cita khach hang. De trien khai CRM software von chi phi thap nhat, phien ban Open 388 Source dm SugarCRM la lira ch9n hiOu qua va hgp 1Y. Chit doanh nghip chi can bo ra chi phi cho chuyen gia to van, chi phi huAn luy'e'n sir dung cho nhan vi'en voi 1 server cL hinh du manh la da c6 th6 tan dung sirc manh cua mOt CRM software r6i! Cau hal on tap 1. Phuang phap SDLC la gi? Hay neu cac btrac tin hanh cua phuang phap SDLC. 2. Phucmg phap thir nghim la gi? Hay neu cac bugc tin hanh caa phucmg phap thir nghiOm. 3. So sanh phucmg phap SDLC vOi phucmg phap thir ngh*n. 4. Phucrng phap phat triOn img dung nhanh la gi? Hay neu cac buoy tin hanh cua phucmg phap thir ngh*n. 5. Hay neu uu va nhugc di6'm cua phuang phap phat triO'n nhanh 6. May chit web la gi? Neu mOt s6 dac di6m dm may chit web. 7. Neu mOt s6 loci may chit web ph6 bin hiOn nay. 8. Hosting la gi? Neu mOt s6 nha cung cap dich vu hosting ph6 bien tren the gioi va tai Vi'0 Nam hiOn nay. 9. Neu dac di6m va chirc nang cua mOt s6 website thuang mai diri 10. Hay neu nhang thanh phan chinh cua mOt website mua ban hang trvc tuyen. Thuat ngit Leased-line: Kenh truytn Internet rieng. ADSL: Dich vu Internet bang thong rOng, &rang truy'en bAt doi ximg c6 t6c di) tai xu6ng cao(co the dat tad 4Mbps), toc dO tai len thAp(khoang 640Kbps). ERP (Enterprise Resource Plane): He th6ng quan lY ngu6n luc doanh 389 nghiep, cho phep cac doanh nghiep quan ly cac ngutm lye nhu sir dung nguyen phu lieu, nhan MPEG, MPEG1, MPEG2: la cac chuAn, dinh dang ve km tr phim so. ISP(Internet Service Provider): Nha cung cap dich vu Internet, nhu dui:mg truy'en Internet, dia chi IP, N th6ng ten mien, N th6ng to tri,... ngoai ra, hien nay cac nha cung cap dich vu con cung cap them cac dich vu nhu km trir web, cho thue may Website: la tap NT c6 to chirc, ket cAu cua cac trang sieu van ban, hoac cac trang script de tao ra cac trang web linh &Ong c6 lien kat yeti nhau, va duqc dat du6i mOt ten mien nao d6, nham cung cap cac dich vu nhu gi6i thieu san phArn, hang h6a, gion thieu cung ty, cung cap dich vu mua ban hang qua mang,... IP (Internet Protocol): La giao thirc Internet, cho phep cac may tinh co the thiet lap lien ket de trao d6i thong tin to thiet bi mang nay den thiet bi mpg Dia chi IP: La mOt s6 co cL true 32 bit, thms:mg duqc bieu dien duai dang 4 s6 thap phan cach nhau bai dau chAm (dot decimal). N6 cho phep xac dinh duy nhAt cac thiet bi lien ket mang. DNS (Domain Name System): He th6ng ten mien, no cho phep chuyen d6i tir dia chi IP sang mOt ten mien de cho viec truy nhap, quang ba cac trang web duqc tra nen a dang hon. Internet: La mpg ket not cac thiet bi tren pham vi toan cau, cung cap cac tai nguyen dung chung, hoac cac dich vu khac tren nen mang may tinh. HTML (Hypertext Markup Model Langues: La ngO'n ngu danh dAu sieu van ban, no cho phdp the hien cac van ban, hinh anh, am thanh len tren mOt trang de tao ra sir linh hoat cua nOi dung thong tin. ASP (Active Server Pages): La mOt ngon ngft lap trinh web, no cho phdp cac lap trinh vien tao ra cac trang web &Ong bang cach truy xuAt thong tin ducic hru tray trong co sec dir lieu. ASP la mOt nem ngu lap trinh dam 390 gian, c6 cu phap gi6ng nhu nen ngir lap trinh Visual Basic, va no chay ten moi tn.dyng he dieu hanh Windows dm hang Microsoft von phan mem may chi' Web IIS tich hop s'an trong he ditu hanh Windows. Middleware: Phan mem trung gian, c6 nhiem vq ktt not gifra cac he th6ng vai nhau. Vi du, no c6 the la phan mem trung gian de truy nhap co sa dir lieu, sau do cung cap cho cac chucmg trinh img dung, nham ngan chin viec truy nhap du lieu trIsc tip nguad dung, tranh nhting raft ro do bi tan cong vao co sdf du lieu hoic cac 18i phat sinh khong ditu khitn ducfc. Virus may tinh (computer virus): la cac phan mem duqc gin theo cac phan mem khac, ducfc kich boat khi cac phan mem kia boat &Ong va gay hai cho cac phan mem khac. May chii co. soy dii lieu (database server): may chi' ten do cai dit cac phan mem quan tri co so eta lieu. N§i dung Ong (dynamic content): cac nOi dung tren trang web duqc hinh thanh va thay d6i tuy theo cac yeu eau dm ngu&i sir dung trang web thong qua cac chucmg trinh duqc lap sin. Trang web Ong (dynamic page): mot trang web c6 cac nOi dung &Ong. Nein ngfr lap trinh JSP (Java Server Page): nem ngu lap trinh dung vitt cac img citing cho may chi' do hang Sun Microsystems xay Ong Thiet bi can bang tai (Load-balancing switch): mgt thiet bi trong mang may tinh theo doi mirc dg tai teen cac may chi' gin vai thitt bi nay (be chuytn mach) va c6 chirc rang chuytn cac lung thong tin ye web den cac may chi' con c6 nhieu kha nang phuc vu nhat. Phan mem ma nguan mir (open source software): phAn mem duqc phat trien bai mgt cong dtmg cac nha lap trinh duqc cung cap tren mang de I/10i nguoi download va sir dkIng mien phi. Nein ngfr lap trinh PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor): ng8n nil lap trinh web a viet cac irng dung cho may chd nham tao ra cac trang web Ong. 391 Lenh ping (Packet Internet Groper): lanh diau lchian chay mOt churcmg trinh nham kiem tra tinh trang kat not giita cac may tinh kat not vai nhau qua mang n(i hoc Internet. Trung tam may chit (Server farm): noi dat cac may chit, thtkrng có diau kin va trang thiat bi rat tot va an Wan Phan mem (Binh cho may chit (Server software): phan mem cai dat tren cac may chit cho phdp truy cap vao cac file va chtrang trinh tren may chit tir cac may tinh khac trong mang. Trang web tinh (Static page): trang web dugc viat bang neon nil HTML clang dcm gian, nOi dung kilo có kha nang thay d6i khi da dua len mang. Men true mang ba kfrp (Three-tier architecture): N th6ng mang xay dImg tren nan tang he th6ng mang hai lop client/server nhung dugc ba sung them cac img dung de cung cap ca thong tin khong có dang HTML len may chit khi can thiat. May chit io (Virtual host): cac may chit "ao" dugc tao ra tren mOt may chit thIrc May chi, dug dyng (Application server): may chit trung gian kat not gifra may chit nOi bO doanh nghiap va Internet. Nha cung cap dich vu tag dung (Application service provider): mOt website cung cap cac dich vu ho trg quan ly nhu quan tri tai chinh, san xuat, email... va thu phi. Phan mem quail tri nei dung (Content management software): phan mem dugc sir dung de quan ly kh6i lugng Lan cac thong tin nhu van ban, do hga, file dir liau... trong kinh doanh. Phan mem quart tri quan hg khich hang (Customer relationship management software): phan mem thu thap cac du lieu ve khach hang, nhung du lieu nay sau do dugc phan tich de dua ra cac quyet dinh trong kinh doanh. Khai tithe de lieu (Data mining): phan tich de tim ra cac thong tin an giau ben trong cac du lieu. 392 Hg dying cd soy (lir lieu phfin tan (Distributed database system): ca s6 du lieu trong he th6ng thong tin lan có lint tit the du lieu gi6ng nhau tai nhieu vi tri dia 15, khac nhau. Phlin mem quan !Si tri fink (Knowledge management software): phan mem giup ding ty thu thap va quail ly cac thong tin, chia xe thong tin gift nhang ngu6i sir dung, tang cu6ng kha nang phi hgp va luu gift nhang tri thirc nay a tiep tpc sir dung trong tuang lai. Ma ngulin mir (open source): ma ngu6n mien phi cho cac phan mem. Cling ngh0 tilling tin (IT) plan cimg va phan mem may tinh sir ly va hru gicx chi lieu ding nhu IA ding nghe truyen thong giiip chuyen giao du lieu Plan mem ring dung (Application software) tat ca chuang trinh dugc viet ra nham thuc hien mOt nhiem vu nao do cim nguoi dung may tinh. Vi du chuang trinh may tinh tinh luang, thong tin kho hang. Cfic plan (module) lA mot phan cua phan mem thuc hien mot hoac nhieu chirc nang. Nhang thay doi caa mOt module se anh huong tai cac module khac caa phan mem. Thin nghi'On (Protytyping) mOt ban mk ban dau cim he th6ng dugc xay dung nhanh va dua cho ngu6i dung dimg thir va nhan xet ve nhang thay d6i Wham cai thien san pham hon Yong diYi Oat trien h0 thOng (SDLC) phucmg thirc truyen th6ng ma cac chuyen gia ve he th6ng thong tin sir clung de phat trien irng dung may tinh mo7. SDLC bao g6m ba giai clop: l'A'p ke hoach, xay dung va trien khai He thOng (Systems) la tr9n b6 cac b6 phan di lien quan vai nhau va phai Ihm viec cling vai nhau de dat dugc nhang muc tieu chung Phan tich va thiet ke h0 tilting (Systems analysis and design) cac hoat dOng chinh dugc lien hAnh bai cac chuyen gia he th6ng thong tin dugc xem IA mOt phan cua phuong thirc trien khai va phat trien he th6ng. Thiet ke tin dung chung (JAD) cac ky thuat ma ngu6i dimg ding vai cac chuyen gia he thong th6ng tin dm ra cho he th6ng 393 Phat trier' ling dung nhanh (Rapid application development) la phucmg thirc phat trien he th6ng dua tren su ket hop dm phucmg thirc SDLC, thir nghiem, ky thuat JAD. He th6ng thir nghiem cu6i ding se la he thiing duqc trien khai. Quin tri thong tin (Knowledge management) chia se va chuyen d6i thong tin trong to chirc nham tang cuCmg hieu biet va cai thien hoat dOng cua doanh nghiep hay not cach khac do la qua trinh va chitin lugc de nhan ra, tao ra, gianh lAy, t6 chirc, chuyen d6i thong tin nham gitip ca nhan va doanh nghiep co the canh tranh ten thi truang. 394