Sinh học - Chapter 36: Transport in plants

The most important active transporter in the plasma membrane of plant cells is the proton pump. It hydrolyzes ATP and uses the released energy to pump hydrogen ions (H+) out of the cell. This creates a proton gradient because the H+ concentration is higher outside the cell than inside. It also creates a membrane potential or voltage because the proton pump moves positive charges (H+) outside the cell, making the inside of the cell negative in charge relative to the outside.