Luận văn Bút điện tử

14 Chuong3 A'" A"'" A"'" - A'" THIET KE H~THONG NHAN DANG CHU-YIET 1.GIGI THIEU CHUNG H~ thongnh~nd~ngchiI viet tay thai gian th1;1'cduc;lCxay d1;1'ng trongcfetai nayd1;1'atrenphuongphaptiepc~nca'utruc.Vdi dativaola daycacdiSmanh-duc;lcxacdinhthongquac~ptQade)(x,y)- theothlit1! thaigianduc;lcviet.Sauquatdnhti~nxii'ly, cacdiI li~uthobandatiduc;lc cait~o,lo~ibodi nhiII;J.gthongtin"nhi~u"phatsinhtrongquatrinhviet nhu:de)rungcuanet,khoangeachkhongdongd~ugiUacaediSmanh (vietduangth~ng,duangcongvdinhiIngtocde)khacnhau),... Giai do~nd~ctrungh6adiI li~usechuySnd6i t~pthlit1!cacdiSm anhthanhme)tdaycacmaso.TITbaygiG,ht%thongsechi th1;1'chit%ncac thaotaclu'utriI,so sanhvdi chu6imad~ctru'ng,d~idit%nchoky t1!can nh~nd~ng. Trong giai do~nBe)nh~nd~nghQc,m6i nguaidungco thSdinh nghlaba'tcli t~pky t1;1'naod6mah~thongc6 nhit%mV\lnh~nd~ngsau46. 'Nhtiv~y,ra rang,khong..c6s1;1'cheng1;1'hayrangbue)ctrongcachvietcua" ,nguaidung.Hayn6ic'~cpkhac,h~thonghoantoaDde)cl~pvdim6inguai dungriengbi~t. Cuoicungvaclinglama'uchatquailtrQngnha'tcuah~thongnh~n d~ng,dola phuongphapsosanh.Trongd~tainay,toixind~nghime)t phuongthlicsosanhtu'ongdoihi~uquav~cahaim~t:de)chinhxacva tocde)sosinh.Thongthuang,haiyellCallnayluonti l~nghichvdinhau. Bi~ukh6khanchom6ithu~ttoaDkhiduarala lamsaogiaiquyetoiu'u haim~tdoinghichnay. 15 A" """?",, 2.BOI TUdNG VA THANH PHAN CUA BO NHAN DANG: Nhuchungtadabi€t, c6hainh6mchuvi€t chinh:nh6mchutu'<;:Jng hinhva nh6mchuLatinh.Ml.;1cdichnghiencuud dayla nh6mchuthu hai. Thea mQtbaa caonghiencuu tU IBM c6 ten gQi "An Adaptive SystemFor HandwritingRecognition"cuaC. C. Tappert(IBM Research ReportRC 11175,No. 50249,[5/21/85]- MicrosoftWindowsfor Pen Computing,trang82),nhungbQnh~nd~ngchuvi€t lay du<;:Jcdanhgii khacnhaud khanangphanbit%tnhungky t\!riengre trongmQtchu6iky t1!.Saildayla daycacchu6iky t1!nh~p,du<;:Jcbaa'cio trenli~tke rhea thut\!giamdanslfrangbuQcdoivoinguoivi€t Ki€u nh~p Boxedinput Bjnh nghla M6i ky t1!phaidu<;:Jcvi€t trongm6ihQP. Discreterun-on Giuam6i t~pcacnetvi€t du<;:Jcphanbit%tbdi khoang trongxungquanhsethuQcv'emQtky t\!. Nhungky t1!c6th€ du<;:Jcvi€t ch6nglennhau. Discretespaced Mixed Cacky t1!du<;1Cvi€t noi li'en.BQnh~nd~ngc6 nhit%m V\ltruoch€t phaiphanbit%tdU<;1ctungky t1!. T6ngh<;:Jpcacki€u vie-t:Discrete,Run-onvaCursive. Cursive Trangth\!ct€, cacbQnh~nd~ngchuvi€t d€ c6 mQtk€t quakha quailv~ncondungl~id mucdQ"Discrete".Bay clingla muctoi thi€u mamQtbQnh~nd~ngphaid~tdu<;1cbdivi nhi'euttinhlingd\lngsekhong [BJL9JL8J Boxed ))LSC V"'"te Discrete Ku\Y\D1. Discreterun-on Cursive 4 Mixed 16 I \ I I I, I sii'd1;1ngloi nh~pdli lit$uthongqua"Bax", vangayliencamgiackhong thu~ntit$nchanguoidung. Trongd~tainay,vit$cnghienCUllsegidih~nvit$cnh~pchu6iky tl! 0 muc"Discrete".Nhinchung,congvit$csedongianbonsavdibamuc dQsail0 giaida~ntachky tl!,nhungnh~nd~ngnhlingky tl!co l~pcling v~ng~pphaimQtsokh6khanmachuye'u,d6la tinh"dQng"cuadli lit$u d'auvaa.Nghiala, cungmQtky tl!,m6inguoivie"tkhacnhausevie"trhea cachriengcuaminh.Th~mchi,mQtnguoiclingc6thgc6nhi~ucachvi€t vdicungmQtky tl!. Phuongphapnh~nd~ngduQcgidi thit$utrangd~tai sekha:cph\lc nhuQcdigmchinhnay.M6i nguoidungsii'd\lnght$thongkernrheacoso . dli lit$udachinhnguoid6t~afa,khongquaD-tamde'nbfftcust;1'rangbuQc naa,duytrlth6iquellvie"tl!nhien. . Saildayla sod6lu6ngdli lit$ucuaht$thong.Trangquatrlnhtie"p nh~ndli lit$u,dl1lit$utliongungvdiky tl!seduQcsoh6avahill l~i.Trong budcke"ti€p, mQtso ti~nxii'ly band'auduQcap d\lngvdi dli lit$umQt cachcothutl!dgchuinbi chabudcruttrichd~ctrting.Ne"udayla ky tl! dtiQcxii'ly trongti€n trlnhhQcthich~6imahoaseduQclu'utrlivia trong cosodli lit$u.NguQcl~i,ne'udangIi tie'ntrlnhnh~nd~ng,chu6imah6a sel'anluQtsasanhvdi cacm~utrongco so dli lit$u,chQnIffyk€t quatot nhfft,ky tt;1'ASCII tliongungseduQcht$thongduaramanhinh. 17 But dit$ntit 1 TQa dQ va tr<;lng theElu6ngdli lit$u \ Phan do<;ln dli lit$u Hi~n thi \ BOlac dli lit$u Ky tv ASCII Chudimah6a .~ ~ Cd sodli lit$u ~ Sd d6 1u6ngdli lit$ucuaht$th6ng. 18 K A - A ,~ ~ '" ? ~ 3.TIEP NHAN DU LIEU VA CAC THAO TAC TIEN xV LY: Thiet bi so hoaduQcsU'dl;lngtrongquatrlnh nghienCUllde tai g6m:Pen+GraphicTablet(EasyPainter,GeniusCo.).Bangdit%ntU'duQc noivdimQtmayvi tinhco bQxU'ly PentiumIntel 120Mhz,16MB EDO RAM, thongquamQtc6ngtuantlf. Vunglamvit%cuabangdit%ntitcokichthudc(5" x 5"). BQphan giaid~t1016LPI (LinePerInch).BQchinhxacla::!:0.01inch. Pen la mQtthietbi so boa.TadQcuapenclingnhllngthongtin khacnhudQnha'n,thaigianviet, goc cuapen,huangquay,...seduQc truyenchomaytinh,k€ cakhi penkhongtiepxucvdi bem~tBangdit%n tit.Thietbi .pencanphaid~tmQtsoyeuCallsailnhamdapungchovit%c nh~nd~ngchllvietray: . Co kha nangthongbaa vi tri cua pen vdi toc dQ toi thi€u 100fan/ giay.Toc dQnaybaadamduthongtin chinhxaccho nhllngbQnh~nd~ngcanvectorhoadll lit%u;d6ngthai,du lam cho net viet cuapen xua'thit%ntrenmanhinh du nhanva tlf nhienvdi tocdQvietbinhthuang. . CokhanangthongbaavitricuapenvdidQphangiai1000PPI (394P / inch). 3.1Phandoandlllieu: . Bayla thaotacdatitientronggiaido~ntienxU'ly. Ketqua cuanoth~tsvquailtrng,anhhudngdenketquacuoiclingcuaBQnh~n d~ng,d~cbit%tla khiky tlfduQct~obdinhieunet.Thaotacphando~ndll lit%uduQcchiathanhhai ki€u, t~mgila: phando~nrheathaigianva phando~nrheakhonggian. 3.1.1Phandoanrheathaigian: Chuyell, loi phando~nnayduQchi€u rheanghIakhi naoseketthucquatrinhtier nh~ndll lit%u.TheomQtmucdQnaodo thi nod6ngnghiavdiphando~ndll lit%u.Co haiphuongthucvdi tengiPen UpvaPenTimeOut. PhuongthucPenUp: la khi nguaidungd~tbutxuong viet(t~onenmQtnet)chodenkhi nha'cbutlen,dll lit%useduQctier nh~n 19 vaxu ly ngayl~ptacoCachnaythuangkhongphilhQpHlmlieUky tl! la mQt~phQpnhi'eunet. Phuongthti'cPen TimeOut:phuongthucnay se ke't thucquatrlnhtie'pnh~ndli li~une'usailmQtkhmlngthaigian naGdo (duQcxacdinhtrudc)mavankhongco hanhdQngd~tbutviet. Phuong thti'cnay thuangxuyenduQcsu dl;!ng,phil hQpvdi tieDtrlnhxu ly tl! nhien:viet,dQidenh~nd~ng,saildol~itie'ptl;lcvie't,... Vi du:NeukhoangthaigianchaduQcd~tla 1000ms,khi vie'tchu X, netdatitieDgiasii'la '\', nhilcbutlen,h~butxu9ng(khoangthaigian giuanhilcvah~butphainhabon1000ms)vie'tnetthti'hai '/', nhilcbut leu.Sailthaigian1000ms,lieUkhongco hanhdQngvie't,naGkhac,tieD trlnhnh~nduli~useke'tthuc.Thaotic phando~nduli~uchiro ky tl! naybaag'Omhainetvasechisasinhvdinhungmallcohainettrongco soduli~u. 3.1.2Phandoantheakhonggian: MQtVillid'eduQcd~tra la khi nguaidilngviet nhi'eu tU,'vidl;!nhu:"HELLO WORLD". Tilt nhien,dephando~ndu li~u,BQ nh~nd~ngcothequidinhcochePenTimeOutvam6iky tl! 'H', 'E', 'L', ... seduQCvietvaxii'ly tUngky tl!mQt.CachnaykhongphilhQpvdil6i viettl!nhientam.ThayVaGdo,nhungky tl! trongmQttUcanduQcvie't lientl;lc,saildodungdexii'ly,r'Oil~itie'p'tl;lcvie'ttUke'"tie'p. ' , . , ' ' Nhtf v~y,canphaico sl! phand6~ndu li~ud6i vdi tU~gky 'tl!trongcilngmQttU.XuiltphattUthl!Cte,chungtaquid!nhmQt ky tl!secot6ida4 netva dudidayla giaithu~t(tho)nhflmphando~ndu li~u.Giai thu~tqui dinhcacnetthuQcv'ecilngmQtky tl! khi baadong (hinhchunh~t~oboi t9adQcl!ctrai,tren;cl!cphai,dudicuamQtnet) cuachungthaamQttronghaidi'euki~nsail: . Baadongcuachungch'Ong/c~tleunhau(clipping). . KhoangeachtUc~nhphaicuabaadongbentraide'nc~nhtrai cuabaadongbellphai<8( 50~8~100). 20 Gidi thuat: while(Vlingd~mchuat~pcacmStconchu'ahe't){ U1Yrab6nnet; Xacdinhbaadongcuam6inettren; if (Net1vaNet2 thoamQtronghaidi~uki~n){ XaydvngbaadongmdilahQphaibaadong1va2; while(Chu'aduy~the'tb6nnet) if (Baadongnetke'tie'pvaBaadonghQpthoadi~uki~n){ Xaydvngbaadongmdi; Cha'pnh~n etke'tie'pthuQcv~clingmQtkytV; } else break;/* Chamdlitphandoc;mdilLi?u.Baodongh(Jp hi?nhimhLabaadongcuakytl!.*/ } else{II Net1vaNet2kh6ngthoadiiuki?n. if (Baadongnet3vaBaadongnet1thoadi~uki~n)&& (Baadongnet3 vaBaadongnet2 thoadi~uki~n) Xaydvngbaadongmdi; if (Baadongnet4 vaBaadonghQpthoadi~uki~n){ Xaydvngbaadongmdi; Cab6nnetthuQcv~mQtky tv; } else{ Cha'pnh~nbaadonghi~nhanh; Banetd'authuQcv~clingmQtky tV; } else Ky tvchicomQtnet; } } Nhli v~y,dg phando~ntheokhonggiand~tke'tqua tat,ngu'oivie'tcanthie'tvie'tcack9 t1itachroi nhauva cacnettrongcling motk9t1ic~tnhauhoacgallsatnhau« 8) Nhungbliocmant1!ke'tie'psailchuye'ulam choluongdu li~uso'hoatrdnenkhadl,mgchopharut trichd~ctru'ng.Thongtincan lliugill sedu'Qclamgiamde'nmuccanthie't,giamdangkg nht1ngsaisot khongcanthie'tcuadt1li~uthobandati. 21 3.2Tien tdnhHimnhannetviet a.Thaotac1: 8Q nhancuanetvietbi anhhu'dngbdi mQts6yell t6 nhu':thaotacc'ambutchuaquelltronggiai do~nd'au,runtaytrongkhi viet,b~m~tbangdi~ntti'kh6ngth\l'Cs\l'ph~ngnhan,v...v...lamchodii' li~ubi nhi~u.MQtbQIQctrungblnhdu'aidaydu'QCdu'ara nhamchuy€n d6i tQadQdi€m i (Xi, YJ sanggia tri philhQphon so vai cacnetxung quanh.Cach IQcnayd~thi~uquakhi khoangcach va dQl~chhu'ang khongnhi~u. i-3+3Xi-2 +6Xi-l +7Xi +6Xi+l+3Xi+2+Xi+3)/27 Yi-3+3Yi-2+6Yi-l +7Yi +6Yi+l+3Yi+2+Yi+3)/27 b.Thaotac2: Ngoaifa,trongquatdnhhlnhthanhnetviet,tathu'ong xuyeng~ptlnhtr~ngnetrangcu'avai dQl~chhu'angrit cao(d~cbi~tvai cacnetxien)lamanhhu'dngdenquatdnhtrichchQlld~ctru'ngsaunay. Thaotacdu'<;1Cphit bi€u nhu'sau: X. Id + X(i old)+!1° - XLnew= 2 Y Y +y . - I_old ( - I_new- I_old)+l2 Quaki€u IQcnay,vai t6cdQ viet blnh thuong,tlnh tr~ngrangcuaduQckh~cphl;1cdangkg. 86i vai nhungkhucquanh,dao huang(m~tdQdi€m cao),s\l'thayd6isekh6ngnhi~u. . f ~ '\,\ \ \ ) / ". ',. ~ / ~~ /' ,- --- // 22 ~ 3.3Bolackhonggian: Be)IQckhonggiannaybaag6m3chucnang: . Lo(;libonhllngdiemdllli<%utrling. . Lo(;libo nhllngdiemdllli<%ulien tiepco khmlngcachnhobon me)tngu'ong8xacdinh. . T11de)ngthem vao me)tho~cnhieu diem dll li<%uneu khoang cachgillahaidiemnguyenthiiyIOnbonn*8 (n~1). Ket qua ciia qua trinhlQc nay cho r:aday cac diem ma khoangcachgillachungtu'ongdoib~ngnhau.Be)lQcdalo(;litnl'di nhllng thongtinde)ng(tocde)viet,s11tangtockhiviet,v...v...)vanla nhllngthong tinvoclingquailtrQngtrongnghienCUllchllky haymohinhphatsinhtt! de)ngchllviet.Tuynhien,voi quaildiemly thuyetciiade tainay,nhllng thongtinde)ngtrenkh6ngthamgiatronglien trinhnh~nd(;lng.Saudayla cachthuclienhanhciiaBe)lQckhonggian. Biem dll1i<%uchi co thedu'QClu'utrll (haygilll(;li) neunhu' khoangcachtUno dendiemdllli<%ucuoiclingdu'Qclu'utrutru'ocdo IOn bonngu'ong8.Tuy nhien,khoangcachnayco thevu'Qtquaxa ngu'ong8 neunhunguaisad\lngvietquanhanh.Vi the,vi<%cthemdiemvaoIa can thiet.GQid la khoangcachth~ts11gilladiemi (diemhi<%ndangxet)va diem(i - 1)(diemcuoiclingdu'Qclu'utrll t(;lithaidiemdo).Sodiemphai themvaoIa: d /8. Congthucxacdinhdiemmoinhusau: X =X. 1+nx8xsinth.1- 'VI Y =Y 1+nx8xcosth.1- 'VI voin=1~ (d/ 8)va~idu'QcHnhnhusau: Y. - Yi-I-I Ith.= tan x -X. I'VI i 1- C6ng thuc tren kh6ng the ap d\lng voi loan be)t~pdll li<%u diemciiame)tchaoNo chiphilhQpvoi nhllngnetth&ng,xien,... mat6ng quatla nhllngnetmade)l<%chgocgiuahaidu'angth&ngt(;lobdibadiem lientiepkhongIOn.T~inhungkhucquanh,cong,ga'"pkhucciianet,noi mam~tde)diemcanphaiduQcduytrivoi muccaothic6ngthuctren-voi 23 nguong8(trdDenquaIOn),sephahuyduli~u.Vi v~y,d~duytrim~tde) di~mcaot:;ticacvi trid~cbi~ttren,cangthlicsekhangduQcapd\lngne'u de)l~ch~$;nghialadi'euki~nsaildung: \,. min(360-I~i - ~ol,I~i- ~ol)>~ vdi $0la g6ctie'ptuye'ncuadi~mcuO'iclingduQcluutru. $ilag6ctie'ptuye'ncuadi~mi dangxet. $ languong. R6rang,be)lQckhanggiant:;torakhariangthichlingcuabe) nh~nd:;tngdO'ivdi mQitocde)vie't.Th~tfa, trongthaigianthii'nghi~m, vdito'cde)vie'tblobthuang(trungblob),clinggiatringu'ong8philhQpthl be)lQcnaykhangphit buy nhi'eulac d\lng.No chi co ynghIakhi ngu'ai dungcO'tlnhvie'tquanhanh(~ thuanggayra 16idlit net)hayquach~m (~ coth~xayravi~ctranbe)d~m). 4.RUT TRICH DAc TRuNG: 4.1Tapkyhieumatacosa: H~thO'ngnh~nd:;tngdu'QCd'enghitrongd'etainaydljatren 1O'it e'pc~nc1utruc,nghialavi~cmatamoikytljkhidu'avaonh~nd:;tng . . sebaogamnhungd~ctinhcobanduQcrutra tUky tlj dod tr:;tngthai nguyenthuyband'au. Call trucdu'QchQnd~bi~udi€n nhungd~ctinhcuaky tlj la IDe)tchu6iky tlj (hayc6 th~gQila me)tdo:;tnma).M6i ky tlj band'ause duQcbi~udi€n l:;tibdi nhomnhungky hi~utUt~pky hi~umata co sa. N6i IDe)tcachkhac,daychinhla quatrinhmahoame)tky tlj thanhme)t do:;tnIDava vi~cnh~nd:;tngky tlj sechuy~nthanhso sanhstfsai/ khac nhaugiuanhungdo:;tnmanay. T~pky hi~umata co sdduQchlnhthanhtUnhungky hi~u chihuangva vi tri.B~dongianvi~cmaboa,chungtasedinhnghIaba khaini~IDsail: Binh nghIa1:Me)tky tlj la t~phQpcuanhi'euc1utii'hQpthanh.M6i Calltii'la IDe)tnetvie't(duQchlnhthanhgiuahail'and~tvanh1cvie't). 24 Binh nghia2: Moi CalltUduQcbi~udienbdi mQtdayluautl!cac di~m(Xi, Yi) vdi i =1,2, ... Binh nghia3: VectornO'inhungdi~m(Xi, Yi) va (Xi+bYi+l)duQC gQi18.phantUvadQdO'cuanodu'QcHnhbdic6ngiliac: ~ I I I I Si =tan-1 Yi+l-Y 1 X. - X1+1 .1 CacgocseduQCluQnghoathanh8hudngvadU<;1Cbi~udien b~ngtamgiatri:0, 1,3,7, F (15),E (14),C (12)va 8.Nhunggiatri nay sedU<;1Cluu trongmayHnhb~ng4 bit va masO'cachudngkhi chuy~n sanggiatrinhiphansechobitt dQl~chtu'dngdO'igiuahaihudng. Vi du: SA/\ SB =15 =7,11,13,14 =3,6,9, 12 =1,2,4, 8 =0 :Ngu<;1Chudng(goc180°) :L~Ch135° :L~ch90° :L~ch45°. :Trunghudng(goc0°) 0011 3 F 1 7 1111 a 0000 E 8 1110 1000 1100 C 25 Nhu v~y,tamky hi~unayhlnhthanhphandaticuaT~pky hi~umatitco sa.Phanthti'hai1acacky hi~uchi vi tri.VI ml;lcdichtie't ki~mbQnhd(trongxii'1y1§:n1u'utnl),chungtaclingsii'dl;lngcacgiatri: o~ 9d~bi~udienvi tri.R6 rang,vdimQtbytebQnhd,tasemahoaduQc mQtphantii'.Cachxacdinhvi triduQctie'nhanhnhusail: Chia bao dongtrenthanhba dong,ba cQtb~ngnhaunhu hlnhvi. Chuongtdnhsexacdinhgocchuin (GocC).M6i di~mxetthuQc ve6 naob~ngcachtinhgoc(Goc)hQpbdiphuongn~mngangva duong th&ngdi tugoc(thichhQp)cuamoihlnhchiInh~tconde'ndi~mdo.Vi~c sosanhdQIOngiiIa GocC va Got (mytruonghQp)se quye'tdinh_di~m dangxetthuQcvea nao. . G6cC 26 CQt dog G6cC Gidi !hUll!mophon>:: = (diem.x- hcn.trai)/ dx; = (diem.y- hcn.tren)/ dy; = (1.0* dy) / dx; switch(dng){ case0: switch(cQt){ case0: g6c=(1.0* dy- (diem.y- hcn.tren))/ (diem.x- hcn.trai); 0=g6c>G6cC?0: 4; break; case2: g6c=(1.0* dy - (diem.y- hcn.tren))/ (hcn.phai- diem.x); o=g6c>G6cC?1:5; break; default: g6c=(1.0* dy - (diem.y- hcn.tren))/ (diem.x - (hcn.trai+dx)); if (g6c>G6cC) 0=4; else if (diem.x<hcn.trai+1.5* dx) 0=8; else if (diem.y<hcn.tren+0.5* dy) 0=5; else{ g6c=(1.0* dy- (diem.y- hcn.tren))/ (hcn.trai+2 * dx- diem.x); 0 =g6c>G6cC?5 : 8; } break; } break; easel: switch(cQt){ case0: 27 g6c=(1.0* (hcn.tren+2 * dy)-diem.y)/ (hcn.tnii+dx- diem.x); if (g6c<G6cC) 6 =7; else if (diem.x <hcn.tnli+0.5* dx) 6 =4; else if (diem.y>hcn.tren+1.5* dy) <3=8; else{ g6c=(1.0* diem.y- (hcn.tren+ dy» / (hcn.tnii+dx - diem.x); 6 =g6c>G6cC? 8-:4; } break; case2: g6c=(1.0* (hcn.tren+2 * dy)- diem.y)/ (hcn.ph,H- diem.x); if (g6c>G6cC) <3=5; else if (diem.x >hcn.phai- 0.5* dx) <3=6; else if (diem.y<hcn.tren+1.5* dy) 6 =9; else{ g6c =(1.0 * (hcn.tren+ 2 * dy) - diem.y) / (diem.x - (hcn.phai- dx»; G6cC? 9 : 6; } break; default: g6c=(1.0* hcn.dudi- dy- diem.y)/ (diem.x- (hcn.tnii+dx»; G6cC? 8:9; break; } break; 28 case2: switch(eQt){ case0: g6e=(1.0* hen.du'oi- diem.y)/ (hen.treE+dx- diem.x); 0 =g6e>G6eC?7 : 3; break; case2: g6e=(1.0* hen.du'oi- diem.y)/ (diem.x - (hen.phai- dx»; 0 =g6e>G6eC?6 :2; break; default: g6e=(1.0* hen.du'oi- diem.y)/ (diem.x- (hen.treE+dx»; if (g6e<G6eC) 0=6; else if (diem.x>hen.treii+1.5* dx) 0=9; else if (diem.y>hen.du'oi- 0.5* dy) 0=7; else{ g6e=(1.0* diem.y- (hen.du'oi- dy»/ (diem.x- (hen.trai +dx»; 0 =g6e>G6eC?7 :9; } break; } break; } B~phanbi~tgiuakyhi~uvitrivahuang,taduavaokyhi~u phl;!"pos"chivi triva"dir"chihuang.T~pkyhi~umotacdsanhusau: <D= {OdinIdin 3din700,800,Coo,Eoo,Foo, Opos,1pas,2pos,3pos,4pos,Spas,6pos,7pas,8pos,9pos} Vi du: 29 Net2 Net3 N~tl:dii9 OC4C 7C 3C 38 N~t2:dii5 00 40 50 10 11 N~t3:dii5 70 40 80 90 50 (0 trudc,huangsail) 4.2Giai thuatmaboa: 30 70 60 20 Budcvia giaido~nniy, d'auvia cuachungtaIi kh6ibQnhd HPENDATA'"chliathongtin v~sO'luQngn~t,daytQadQcacdi~mtrong tUngn~t,...cuaky tl!nguyenthuy.Baodongcuaky tl;1'duQcxacdinhmy truonghQp:maydanghQchaydangnh~nd~ng.ThongquamQtsO'him Pen API, tUngd6i tuQngthongtin c~th~seduQcIffy ra tUkh6ibQnhd tren. Tranggiaithu~tmahoaniy, khongphai tfftcacacph'antii' d~uduQcchuy~nthinhmQtvectorttiongling.Nhamtangt6cdQchoqua. trlnhd6isanhcfingnhugiamthi~ukhonggianltiuin!,chi~udii cuado~n. maseduQcrutnga:nbangcach:n€u vectorsailco clingvi tri va huang vdi vectorngaytrudcdo thi xemnhuvin chi co mQtvectorxuffthit%n trangdo~nma.R6rang,IU<;1ngthongtin trlingHipdadU<;1Clo~iboIDavin dambaatinhchinhxaccuathongtin.Vdi cachmahoaki~unay,chi~u dai do~nmacuamoin~ttrongky tl;1'sedaDdQngtrongkhoang5 - 20 (ttiongling vdi sO'bytephailtiu tm ). Quachuongtrinhthii'nghit%mcho thffy,ltiutn!cacdo~nmacuamQtky tl;1'thffpbontrungblnh10l'ankhi ltiu tn!dli lit%ud d~ngtho. d day,chungta nh~nthffymQtlac d~ngm!acua BQ IQc khonggian:cacdi~mduQcduaVaGtl!dQngn€u haidi~IDband'auquaxa nhau~ baadammoi0 d~uchliait nhfftmQtdonvi ma. ...KMi ni<,;mv'eHPENDA TA se duQcd'ec~pchi tie'td chuang5,m\lc 2.2 30 M~tkhac,khi chungtamah6atheophuongthlictrenthlky tv dli duQcvig'ttheokich thuacIOnnhobatky dell duQcmah6ablnh d~ng.Haynoicachkhac,vi~ctrichchQnd~ctrunghoantoandQcl~pvai kichthuaccuaky tV. Vai nhungnetth~ng(xien,dQc,ngang),chi phi chom6i0 khi mahoa net th~ngchi trungblnh 1 - 2 vector.Vai net cong,dao huang,dotin s6d6ihuanggiuacacdiSmkg'c~nIOn~ cotU3- 6vector chomQt0 lo~inay. Vai m6ivector,khimahoasetu'ongling 1byte. 7 6 5 4 3 2 0 ----.--- 8 huang Gidi thuatmovhonJ;?: - £)o~nmagia sailmotavi~ctachcacdiSm(Xi, Yi) trongcling mQto. for (i = 1~ s6'netcuaky tv) { Point = Diem d'autien; C~ll = Ham_tlnh-vLtri(point); D€m .= Q; while (Truy { Lu'upoint vao Vung_nho_t~m; D€m ++; Ce1INext=Ham_tlnh-vLtri(point_next); if (Cell !=Ce1INext) break; } Ham_ma_h6a(Vung_nho_t~m,D€m, Cell); } - £)o~nmagiasailmotavi~cmahoa,chuySntUduli~uthosang d~ngvector.Cacl~nhnaynamtronghamHam_ma_h6aO. 1en pointO point1 = 1; = 0; = Vung_nho_t~m[O]; = Vung_nho_t~m[1]; 31 Huang_hh = Ham_tinh_huang(pointO,pointl); Do~n_ma[len++]= (Cell« 4) I Huang_hh; while(i <De-m- 1){ pointO = Vung_nha_t~m[i]; point1 =Vung_nha_t~m[++i]; Huang = Ham_tinh_huang(pointO,pointl); if (Huang_hh!=Huang){ Huang_hh = Huang; Do~n_ma[1en++] = (Cell« 4) I Huang_hh; } } 5.MAy HOC H~th6ngdu<;Jcthie'tke'daubchonhiIngchuangtrlnhlingdl.;lngphl.;l thuQcnguoidungchonell, nochico th~du<;Jcsii'd~ngsailkhi giaidoi;ln hQcdu<;Jchoantat.Trongquatrlnhnay,nguoisii'd~nghuanluy~ncho maythaiquell,cachviet cuaminhtrenm6iky t1!thuQct~pcacky t1!ma h~th6ngco nhi~mv~nh~ndi;lng.Chuangtrlnhthii'nghi~mdu<;Jcxay dvngtrongd~tainaysecokhanangnh~ndi;lngcacky t1!sail: A N B 0 C P I J K L y M Z D E R F S G T H U v w XQ 0 1 2 ,.,-' 4 5 6 7 8 9 T~p36leYh/ duQcsitdl;lngtrongchudngtrinhthll'nghi<$m - 10 ~ ' h ~ '>h). uatrIn may~ Quaquatrlnhthii'nghi~m,t6i nh~nthayd~phuh<;Jpvdi ba yell to'chinh: - Giamthi~ukh6nggianluutill diI li~u. - Tangnhanht6cdQxii'ly. - Bi;ltke'tquatu'angd6ichapnh~ndu<;Jc. h~th6ngthii'nghi~mquyetdinhvdim6iky t1!,nguoidungsehuanluy~n chomay10l'an.Tatnhien,ne'uclingmQtky t1!maco nhi~ucachvie'tthl s61'anhuanluy~nchom6iky t1!seb~ng:(SO'cachviet)* 10. ~ ~32 Ghi chu: . E>t~tanghi~uquacuah~thO'ng(to'cdQ,hilI tnJ, tinhchinhxae, ...),nguoidungkhonglienhua'nluy~nmQteachtrail Ian. Chi nenchQnll;1'amQtvaiki~uvi€t thongd1;1ngnha't. . Voi cungmQtkytV.Giasueo2 caehvi€t thixayrahaitruong hQpsau: Truonghop1:Cachthlinha'tvi€t mnet,cachthlihaivi€t n net~ 10fand'auvi€t cachthlinha't,10fansauvi€t eachthlihai. Vi du:chilsO'5' 2 ~1 51 vi€t hai net vi€t mqtnet Truonghop2: Ca hai cachd~ucungchungsO'net.N€u vi tri xudt phatclingnhuhucJngdi euahai eachkhacnhau~ hua'nluy~n(2 * 10) fan.N€u sl;1'khacbi~tkh6ngnhdu!eimva tuangddidQcl~pvcJicackYtl;t khacthieoth~xemnhuchungcoClAngcachviet~ hua'nluy~n(1 * 10) fan. Vi du:chu'K' vaehusO'2'voihaieachvi€t 1)<: K2 2~ vi trixua'tprntvahuangmc nhau g~ngi6ngnhauva tuo'ngdoidqcla;pvOicaeleYt',frome Vi~chQeeuamaysedi€n ral'anluQttheosodosau: ocr1i~uvua quati'enxli'1y Tachcaediemtren cling6 cua tungnet ~ I Mah6a I ~ ~ LUll ttU I 33 6.NHAN DANG: Bay 1agiaido~ncO'tWicualoanbQh~thO'ng.Thai gianchiphicho giai do~nnay chi€m ti 1~caonhat(khoang85%) lien thai gianxii'1y nhanhhaych~mcuathu~tminnh~nd~ngsequy€t dinhto'cdQv~nhanh cuaroanh~th6ng.Giai do~nnaydu<;jcchiara lamtkcongdo~nnho,c6 tinhthlitlfvafamquailtn;mgtangJan. Sailday,chungtasefan1u<;jtkhao sattungcongdo~nnay. 6.1Cacthaolacliennhandang: Bg chuffnbi di vaonh~nd~ngth~tst!,h~th6ngcanIDQtsO' thaolaclienxii'1y. Tien xii'191:Nguai sii'd~ngvi€t ky tv (haychu6iky tV)~ dong dil li~uthotruyenvaoh~thO'ng,yetiCalinh~nd~ng.H~thO'ngsexii'ly so bQnhuphanra, tachcacnetdgphanbi~tnhilngnet naothuQcve cung mQtky tlf; lamminh,kha:cph~cnhi~u,...k€ ti€p, chuygnquabudctrich chQnd~ctrang,mah6athanhnhungdo~nmatu'ongling. Tien xii'192: H~th6ngtrudckhi d6nnh~ndu 1it$uvaoseyetiCali nguoidungxacdinhco sa dil 1i~ucuamlnh(chinh1at~pcacm~umay du<;jchuan1uy~n).T~iday,ht$thO'ngc6 thgtai loanbQco sadil li~ud6 vaobQnhdhaytaitUngphan.Do thaigianc6h~nva chuongtrinhdanga mliccaid~tthii'nghi~mlientoi t~mthaichQnphuongthlictai loanbQco sadil 1i~uvaobQnhdroanc~ccuaWindows(chie'mkhoang70KB).f)g tangto'cdQva giamchi phi ve bQnhd,chungta c6 thgt6 chlic l~ih~ thO'ngnhusailmatu'ongdO'ikhongphlict~p1a:m: - Sa:px€p co sadu 1i~urheanh6mnet:ky tlf cannh~nd~ngse chi so sanhvdi ky tlfm~uc6 chungsO'net, lien chungtasec6 bO'nco sadu1i~ucon(1,2,3 va4 net).Thai gianxii'ly segiam dangkg,d~cbi~tkhinh6mnetd6c6sO'1u<;1ngm~unho. - Vi~ctaico sadil 1i~uvaobQnhdc6thgthvchi~nsailTienxii' 1y1,nghia1aWcd6 daxacdinhdU<;1cky tlf cannh~nd~ngc6 baanhieunet~ chic'antainh6mcosadl11i~ucontu'ongling. Vi~cnayclinggiupti€t ki~mto'idabQnhd. 34 6.2Thuattoansosinhchuoi: Sailcacthaotic ti~nnh~nd~ngtren,dil lil%udiu vaochocac thu~ttoansosinhdasansang.V~ytu'ang,cachthilcti€n hanhtronggiai do~nnayla hai do~nmasailkhi du'<Jcso sinh sechora mQtgia tri t~m gQila E>Qdotrlingkhdp.Mu'aidQdocaonh[t sedu'<Jchinhthanhvac~p nh~tsailmoi lin so sinh. Sailkhi duyl%th€t ccJsa dil lil%u,chungtathu du'<Jct~pky h!tu'cJnglingvdi 10dQdoconl~icu6icling. Ky t1!naoc6t6ngdQdoIOnnh[ttrongso nhilngky t1!trong t~pky tvtrensela k€t quacuaquatdnhnh~nd~ng.N€u t[t cacacdQdo d~umanggia tri < 0, thongbaokhongnh~nd~ngdu'<Jc(~ Hnh"hi~u bi€t" cuachu'cJngtrinh). Thuatroansosanhchu6i: Theothu~tngilnh~nd~ngky tvon-line,ky thu~ta daydu'<Jc gQila "Thu~ttoanso sinh chuoilinhdQng".TheoWi, khongth~tont~i mQthu~toansosinhchuoiluondu'arak€t quachinhxactuyl%tdoitrong mQitru'anghi~uquailtrQng la dQchinhxactu'cJngd6id6caohayth[p.sa dI c6nh~ndinhtrenla bai vi khainil%mhaichuoisotrlinggin nhu'latu'cJngdoi. (Chi mQttru'angh<Jp du'<Jcxemla tuyl%td6ikhihaichuoiclingchi~udaiva thilt1!xu[thil%ncac masO'nhu'nhau:hiemkhixay fa!).Chungtahaythti'quailsatmQtsO'vi dl;1sail: . Vi -du1:Ba chuoi:"ABCD.AB", "ABDCBF" va "ABCABF". V~ m~tcam quail, ta th[y "ABCDAB" gin gi6ng vdi "ABCABF"; "ABDCBF" gin gi6ngvdi "ABCABF"; con" ABCDAB" va "ABDCBF" thlkhonggi6ngnhaub~nghai c~ptren.Tuy nhien,d~du'ara dQdoCl;1 th~~ ro rang,chi amilc tu'cJngd6i. . Vi du2: Hai chuoi:"ABC" va"ABCABC" chic chin la khacnhau (neuxet v~chi~udai) nhu'ngneun6i r~ngchunggiongnhau50%thl clingchila tu'cJngd6i(baivI 50%khacnhaua dati?). Til nhungnh~nxetvila neuva dl,l'atrenl~plu~n:"N€u hai ky t1!la giongnhauthlsailkhid~tbutvi€t mQtkhoangthaigianla t (vdi t6cdQtrungblnhkhongd6i),vi tri tu'cJngd6icuadiu butgiuahailin viet ky t1!phaix[p xi (gin) nhau";thu~toandadu'<Jcxaydvngvdiquitic ccJ bannhu'sail: 35 Qui tic: Khi so sanhde'nvi tri mathli n cuachu6iA, ta se lay chu~nla mathlin trenchu6iB roi :t voi m(>tgia tri distancechu~n.Nhu' v~y,ma thli n cua chu6iA se du'<;Jcdo Hmchi trongkhoangtU vi tri (n- distance)~ (n+distance)trenchu6iB. Qua thl!c nghit$m,gia tri distancenlim trongkhoangtU 1~ 3laphilh<;Jp. .Dgm6phongytu'dngtren,chungtakh6ngsadl;1ngtrl;l'ctie'p chu6imahoaband'aumabie'nd6ichungthanhchu6imoiblingcach: nhomcacmas6coclingchis66thanhm(>tgiatri:varheasauladaythli tVcachu'ongtrong6 do. Vi du:do1;lnmabigudi~nky tV'0' 4F 4E OE 4E 4C 7C 78 60 61 21 63 53 57 4F du'<;Jcchuygnthanh: 4(F, E) O(E) 4(E,C) 7(C,8) 6(0,1) 2(1) 6(3) 5(3,7) 4(F) Thu~troannayquanHimtru'oche'tvi tri (6) cuamas6.Khi vi trf trungnhau,chungta moi tie'nhanhso sanhchu6icachuangnlim trong6 do.Co thgnoi,digmm1;lnhvadigmye'ucuathu~troannlimt1;lichi tie'tnay.Voi nhungky tVc'annh~nd1;lngne'udu'<;Jcvie'ttu'ongtVvoi m§:u maydahQcthi .D(>do trungkhopse ratcao;ngu'<;Jcl1;li,ne'uqui d1;lodi lt$chvoi m§:udu'dotrungkhopsethap~ t1;lOdieukit$nm(>t s6ky tVcoquid1;lotu'ongtVd1;ltdQdocaobon. Ngoai fa, mQt1ydokhongkernph'anquantrQngd§:nde'n vit$cthu~troanu'utienvi trivi cacchis6hu'ongtht;fcraratlinhd(>ng..Don cum(>tlo1;li"16ikhachquan"saudaymakhi vie'ttrengiayblingbutth~t st;fho~csadl;1ngPentrenTablet,dod(>phangiaimanhinhcoh1;ln,chung takh6ngquantamde'n. 8/ hu&1gdu'abUt~ ~ CD, 36 Nhii'ngchi tiStthuav~huangnaynSubi khoanhvlingtrong mQt0 segiamthiguanhhudngtieuct!ccuaIo~i16inay. Sailkhi xacdinhdU<;1cvi tribing nhau,chungtatiSph;1cso sinh hai chu6iconchliadaycacmas6chi huangdi kern0 tu'ongling. Vi~csosinhclingv~ntwintheoquiuiecobantren. Vi~cxacdinhdQdodU<;1Ctht!chi~ntheotieuchuffnsail: NSuvi tritrlingnhau: Sosinhchu6imas6chihuang~ Kq1_huang. Kq =Kq+Kq1_huang N g)<;1cI~i:Kq =Kq - 1 KqI_huangdU<;1ctinhnhusail: KqI_huang=KqI_huang+max(-1,Kq2_huang) Kq2_huangdu<;1ctinh nhusail: Tht!chi~nphep"/\" trenhaimas6chihuang:(MsA/\ MsB) =0 : Kq2_huang=1 =1,2,4,8 : Kq2_huang=0.75 NSukhong :Kq2_huang=-1 KSt quanh~nd~ngcu6iclingIa: . . KScqua=Kq / max(dQdaichu6iA, dQdaichu6iB) Ghi chu: . E>gtangthemHnhchinhxac,thu~toanse I~pI~iquatdnhso sinh theohuangngu<;1cI~i(phai~ trai).KSt quabaygid Ia trungblnhcQngcuahaichi~usosinh. . Thu~toanlily tUngmas6trongchu6icochi~udaing~nhondg sosinhvainhommatrongchu6iconI~i. . NSuky tt!connet(1::;n ::;4),Kq sedu<;1ccQngdonn I'an. Gidi thuatmophon:;!': - E>o~nmagia sailmotacachHnhKq theochi~utUtrai~ phai cuachu6ima: 37 Kq = 0.0; Tam =0.0; for (i=0;i <Ng~n;i ++) for (j=max(O,i-distance);j <min(i+distance+1,Dai);j++) if (O[i]=O[j]){ Co=TRUE; if (Cdai_chu6i_hudng_0[i]<Cdai_chu6i_hudng_0[j]) Kq1_hudng=Ham_tinh_Kq1(Chu6i_hudng_0[i], Chu6i_hudng_O[j]); else Kq1_hudng=Ham_tlnh_Kq1(Chu6i_hudng_0[j],Chu6i_hudng_O[i]); Tam+=Kq1_hudng; break; } if (!Co) Tam-=1; Kq+=Tam/ Dai; - E>o~nma gia sail mo ta vit%ctinh Kq l_hu'dng, n~mtrangham Ham_tinh_KqlOtheochi~utUtnii~ phaicuachuoiIDa: Kq1_hudng = 0.0; Tam = 0.0; for (i=0;i <Ng~n;i ++){ maxx=-1; for (j=max(O,i-distance);i <min(i+distance+1,Dai);j++) maxx=max(maxx,Ham_tlnh_Kq2); Tam+=maxx; } A ;? 7.THVC NGHIEM KIEM TRA: TiI khih~thO'ngthti'nghi~mdu'<;1Ccaid~t,datraiquachinhthlichai ranth\l'Cnghi~m.Do thi€t bi h~nchSlienthoigianthti'to'nkhanhi~uthoi glan. Canthti'thlinhfft:5 ngu'oithamgiabaagamsinhvienvanhanvien nhanudc.C6 3 naill,2 nil; tdnhdQvanhoadangho~cda t6tnghi~pd~i hQc,dQtuoitU20~ 30.TrangquatdnhhQC,moingu'oiviSt 16m~ucho mQtky tt1lientongsO'ky tt1trongcdsodil li~ucuamoingu'oila: 16* (26 chucai in +26chucai thuong+ 10ahusO')=992ky tt1.Khi tiSnhanh - 38 nh~nd:;tng,moiky tVdu'<;$cvie'tthii'100fan~ (62* 100)=6200kytl1/ ngu'ainent6ngthaigianthl1chi~nkhoang10gia/ ngu'ai.Ke'tquacuafan thii'naykh6ngd:;ttyell c'audo mQts6 nguyennhankhachquanva chu quansail: - Chli cai vie'tthu'angco dQdaDdQngra'tcaD(nenke'tquakhi vie'tchli in tu'ongd6ichinhxacbon). - Ngliai dungsii'd~ngbutchu'athu'anth~cdo lam quellfand'au. (Di(§unayde dangnh~nra khi ke'tquanh~nd:;tngcualac gia lu6ncaDbonnhlingngliaikhac). - Quatdnhvie'"tbi loi dutnetngiu nhien~ lamtangs6net.Loi lo:;tinayra'tkhophathi~nvi th1!cfa,khi vie'tb~nggiffy,butth~t st!,tru'angh<;$pdutnet vin thliangxay ra nhu'ngkh6ngdang quantam. L'anthii'thuhai:Rutkinhnghi~ml'anthii'tru'dcva du'<;$csl1dongy cuaGiaosli\u'dngdin, d(§taidffcomQts6sii'ad6isail: 1. T~ptrunggiaiquye't,nangdQchinhxactrongnh~nd:;tngd6ivdi hainh6mky tV:'A' ~ 'Z' va '0' ~ '9'. Ky tVthu'angt:;tmthai chu'agiai quye'"t.Th~tfa,khi thamkhaotai li~u,t6i clingnh~n tha'yr~ngvi~cnh~nd:;tngky tV thu'angho~ckh6ngdu'<;$ccac nh6mnghienCUlld(§c~p,ho~cco giai quye'"tnhu'ngke'tqua kh6ngcaD(mac~thelachu'ongtdnhnh~nd:;tngcuaMicrosoft). 2. Cai tie'nquatdnhtrichchQn:thayd6icachphanb6 6 vi tribell trongbaadongky tV. 3. Sii'ad6i,caitie'"nthu~tloansosanhchuoilinhdQng. Vi~cthii'nghi~mvandu'<;$ctie'nhanhvdi namngu'aitren.L'annay, nguyennhansii'd~ngbutchu'athanhth~odffdu'<;$ckhiicph~c.(Th~tsl1, vi~clamquellvdi bUtchi khoang1-2gia dongho!).S6lu'<;$ngmill may phaihQctrenmoiky tVdu'<;jcgiamxu6ngcon 10mill va khi thii'nghi~m, moiky tVvanvie't100l'an.Nhli v~y,t6ngs6ky tVmoingu'aiphaivie'tla: 1 * (36 * 10+36 * 100)=3960ky tV. Thai gianthii'nghi~mrutngiincon trungbinh3gia/ngu'ai.Ke'tquathudu'<;jcnhu'sail: 39 ~ £)ai voi 26 ky tl;1'in boa: Ngu'oivi€t 1 2 3 4 5 Ti l~chinhxac(%) 99.31 99.31 99.31 98.92 99.27 £)aivoi 10kytvsa: Ngu'oivi€t 1 2 3 4 5 Ti l~chinhxac(%) 99.60 99.90 99.50 99.30 (chu'athll'nghi~m) 100.00% 99.50% 99.00% 98.50% 98.00% nl n2 n3 n4 nS Sod5th6ngkenh~nd(,lngky tvchii'in hoa. 40 100.00% ~ m ~ m--_-------------------------------- 99.80% I !fM!f 99.60% 99.40% 99.20% 99.00% nl n2 n3 n4 So(fath6ngkenh~nd,:lllgky tvso'. Trongquatrlnhthunghi~m,come)tsonh~nxetdli<;)crutranbli sail: - Nhungk€t quanb~nd:;lllgsaikbongquat~ptrungVaGme)tvai kyW'. Nghlala, n€u sosanhchiti€t, ti l~l6i trenm6iky W'(n€u coxuit hi~nk€t quasai)trungblnhtu 1% ~ 3%;me)tvaikytv cabi~tcoti l~l6ikboang7%~ 10%(hi~ntli<;)ngayxuit bi~n d 3trongso5nglioithunghi~m);ngoairala nbungky tvnb~n d:;lllgchfnbxac100%.Di-eunay,tbeotoid~chipnh~nbonso vdi vi~chauh€t dung100% (rit kbo d<;ltdli<;)cvdi so lli<;)ng. nbi-eu),conme)tsoky tv l<;lichid<;lt75%- 85%. - Nhlingchlisaitbliongdonglioivi€t vi€t thao,kbongphilhop vdi nhlingmatida:day ho~cgall giongvdi motvai matiky tli kbac.Doncume)tsotrliongb9Pnbli '0' va 'U', 'V' va 'U', 'B' va 'D', ...Nhlingl6i dli9Cxacdinhdovi€t dlit net(kbachquail) kbongtlnhVaGk€t qua.Me)tso It l6i xayra do nhlingnguyen nbankbongxacdinb.Co nblingky W'dode)kbacbi~tIOnnen h~thongvancokbanangnh~nd<;lngdilvi€t thao.Clingcannoi them,nhungnglioi thungbi~mkbi choh~thonghQccacmati vi€t co de)cachbi~tcangnhi-euthl de)chfnhxac trongnh~n d<;lngcangcao. Trangquatrlnhthunghi~m,ky W'chITvaky W'son~mtrenhaico sodu li~ukbacnhau.N€u d~ttrongclingme)tco so dli li~u,h~ro rang 41 khongcokhaDangphanbi<%tchu '0' vachuso '0' va mQtso tnionghQp galltu'ongtvnhaunhu: 2Z g g '2' va 'Z' '8' va'S' BS phanbi<%t,chuso '0' canphaico da'ug~chcheo '0'. Nhung truonghQpkhac,co Ie phaicandSnthongtinngu'canhho~cnguoiviSt chqnmQtkiSuviStkhacdephanbi<%tbonvdiclingky tVdo. MQtcachkh~cphl;1ckhacla chapnh~nhaico sa du li<%uriengre, contrengiaodi<%nmanhlnh,trlnhling dl;1ngduafa mQtbutton:nSua tr~ngthaiON ~ baahi<%udangatqngthaiviStky tVso,OFF (giatri m~cdinh)~ baa hi<%udangatr~ngthaiviStky tVchaoChuySnd6itr~ng thaithongquavi<%cclickbuthaychuQtvaobuttondo(thaotacclicknoi chungyonla d~cHnhthuongg~ptrongmoitru'ongWindowsva cling tu'ongtvnhukhitab~tphlmNUMLOCK trenbanphlm).Cachlamnay theotoitri<%tdSvakhongmayphlict~p. Hlnhsailtrlnhbaychi tie'tke'tquathvcnghi<%mchungcua: . Namnguoithalligiatrongnh~nd~ngky tVchaoM6i ky tVduQc vie'tt6ngcQng500Ian. . Bon nguoithalligia tfongnh~nd~ngky tVso'.M6i ky tVduQc vie'tt6ngcQng400Ian. CQtchITdqcbell traichobie'tky tVduQcnh~nd~ng.TrenclingmQt hangngang,conso xuathi<%ntren0 naosechi raky tV (chiSutrencQt dqc)xua'thi<%nbaa nhieuIan. Nhu v~y,nhITngcon so xuathi<%ntfen duongxienchobie'tdQchinhxackhi nh~nd~ngky tVtu'dngling. ) Vi du:chIT'V' vie'tdung493lan,6 IanrachIT'V', 1IanrachIT'H'. T6ngcQngsoky tVduQcvie'tla: 5 * (26ky tV* 100Ian)=13000 1'3.0. Tongsoky tVvie'tsaila: 101ky tV BQchinhxactrungblob:99.22% ABC D E F G H I J K L M N 0 P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A 500 B 4X4 C 484 D 2 498 E 500 r 500 G 499 H 500 I 49X J 496 K 500 L 499 M 500 N 499 0 480 P 6 @4 Q 500 R 1 2 1 495 S 1 499 T 3 497 U 1 493 6 V 3 497 W 2 6 492 X 3 497 Y 500 Z 2 498 ~ 11 5 16 1 2 4 1 1 .j::o.. to 17 3 1 43 0\1 1.("',- 0\ C"J 00 001- 0\ C"J 0r-I C"J- 0 -:;t \01....... 0 0 -:;t 0 1.("',1 -0 C"J -:;t 0\ -:;tl 0\ C"J r- C"JI 0\ -NC"J r- NI 0\ ....... C"J 0 .......1 0 -:;t 00:. 010\ ....... c:r, 0....... NC"J-:;t1.("',\O r-000\ 44 Nhii'ngthli'nghi~mtrentheothu~tngii'Congngh~phanm~mdu'Qc gQila alphatest.Nghlala, nhii'ngngu'oithli'nghi~mlam vi~cdu'aislf giamsatva du'Qchu'angdin trlfctie'pbdi nhomthie'tke'phanm~mdo. Ngoaifa, d~daubgia chlnhxacconcanthemthongtincuabetatestla ke'tqua thlfcnghi~mcuangu'oidungnhu'ngkhongco slf giamsatcua ngu'oithie'tke vata'tnhien,vin khongnamngoaiqui lu~t,ke'tquasetha'p bon.Nhu'ngdonhii'ngkhokhankhachquail,d~taichu'acodi~uki~nthlfc hi~nnhungbetatestnay. * MQt86thongtin v~caeh~th6ngnh~nd~nghi~nnay Bangsailchobie'thongtinv~5h~thongnh~nd~ng:nhomtacgia, ki~uky tlf nh~nd~ng,nhii'ngd~ctinhdu'Qcsli'dt;mgtrongnh~nd~ng, phu'ongphap,cong.elfnh~nd~ng,solu'Qngmill,dQehinhxac,... Do thongtin quah~nche'Denslf so sanhke'tquacuade tai vai nhii'ngh~thongtrenchilekhongtranhkhoikh~pkhi~ng.Tuy nhien,ne'u so vai yell Calldu'Qcd~ra la "Nh~nd~ng26 chii'in boa va 10chii'so Latinh", vai danhgiachuquail,toi tin rangd~tai clingdii thudu'Qc nhii'ngke'tquanha'tdinh. BANG SO SAN,HMOT 56 H~TH6NG NHA.N DANG CHU VIET TA YON-LINE: Tac gir' I Loyva Landau Phanlo<;li ! S6luQng : S6luQngky1\1! S6luQng ! nguoiviet j m6i nguoithti' ! 1 thti'nghiem : nghi<$mviet:I I I " I : ChIT va chIT!. Huang : Cd phap-: 1 : 2656 ! 18m~utren 1 : so' !. Vi tri : Th6ngke : ! ! mQt each: : : : : i : viet : LO<;liky tlf nh~nd<;lng )-)~cdiem nh~nd<;lng mati i Ketqua I nh~nd<;lng 98.8 Lu va Brodersen Mandler Nouboundva Plamandon Tappert [ChIT chIT so'i . " ; ! va mQtso'ky : . : tlfkhac : I ChIT va chITi . ! so' i. I I" : ChIT,chITs6!. i vamQtso'ky i . ! tlfkhac ! : * ( ) : !+, , , ,... 1 j ChIT, chIT s6:. Huang. 1 So sanh linh : 9 1441: 3 ! i vamQtso'ky i. Vi tri i dQng ! ! i: kh~: :: ::i tu ac 1 1 i i i 1 . *! ! 1 1 1 ,+,,(,),... L- i; ;; Huang Te)cdQ Hua"ng Vi trl Chi'Cucaol chi'eurC?ngky tlf Huang Vitri i- BC?so~anhi I linhdQng I ! Sosanhlinh i I dQng I. . 1 BQsosanh : I chu6i I 4 96500 1 12 780 96.23 .j::>. Vt 15 16 961770 97.3 .S51i9Udu'<Jctrichdiintii'paper"A StructuralApproachtoOn-LineCharacterRecognition:SystemDisignandApplication"cuaF.Nouboundva R.Plamondon- InternationalJournal of PatternRecognitionandArtificial IntelligenceVol. 5, No.1 & 2 (1991)311-335.