Ẩm thực - Chapter 6: Nutrition

Chapter 6 Nutrition1Chapter Objectives1. List and describe the six categories of nutrients, explain their functions in the body, and name some food sources of each.2. Define the term calorie and describe the relationship between calories and weight gain.3. List and describe the eight guidelines for maintaining a healthful diet.4. Describe ways that cooks can incorporate nutrition principles into their cooking and their menu construction.2Menu planners must have a basic understanding of nutrition.A food service worker’s responsibility is to serve nutritional food and a well-balanced menu.3Nutrients Certain chemical compounds that are present in foods that:Supply energy for body functionsBuild and replace cells that makeup body tissuesRegulate body processes4The six categories of nutrients are:CarbohydratesLipids (fats)ProteinsVitaminsMinerals WaterEssentail Nutrients 5CarbohydratesConsist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygenSimple carbohydrates:Naturally in fruits, vegetables, and milkSweeteners such as honey, corn syrup, and table sugarComplex carbohydrates:Fiber: from seeds and cell walls of fruits, vegetables and cereal grains6Lipids (fats)Fats are found in animal and plant foods and, in small amounts, in fruitsFats provide calories, help carry fat- soluble vitamins, and give a creamy pleasant mouth feel to foodsSupply energy to the body in concentrated form7Fats can be separated into three categoriesSaturated: mainly found in animal products like milk, eggs, and meatMonounsaturated: examples are: vegetable oils like grapeseed (canola) oil and olive oilPolyunsaturated: examples are fats from plants (soy and corn) and fish 8ProteinsProteins are the building blocks of the bodyProteins are found in animal and plant foodsProteins are necessary for manufacturing, maintaining, and repairing body tissuesProteins regulate the balance of water, acids, and bases and move nutrients in and out of cells9VitaminsVitamins are vital dietary substances needed to regulate metabolism and for normal growth and body functionsVitamins are divided into two categories: Water soluble vitamins are not stored in the body (B, C)Fat soluble vitamins are stored in the body (A,D,E,K)10MineralsMinerals have to be obtained by eating plants that have drawn minerals from the ground or from the flesh of animals that have eaten plantsMinerals are broken down into two categories: Trace minerals and major minerals11Water The adult body is 50-60% water by weight.Water plays a role in all body functions, including metabolism, cell functions, digestion, delivery of nutrients, removal of waste, temperature regulation, and lubrication of the joints.12In the past few decades people have become increasingly concerned about understanding how foods affect health and what foods can be consumed in order to promote good healthAll recipes in this book have nutritional analysis; recipes that are low in calories, fat, or sodium are marked with a heart icon13Eating for healthThe American Heart Association and American Cancer Society suggest:Eating well and exercising, getting adequate sleep and living moderately, all contribute to a longer, healthier life.14The Balanced DietGetting adequate nutrients within calorie needsManaging weightEngaging in physical activitySelecting from the right food groupsManage consumption of fatsManage consumption of carbohydratesManage consumption of sodium and potassiumManage consumption of alcoholic beverages15MyPyramidThe food pyramid was designed to guide food consumption for a more healthful life. It presents a plan for a balanced dietCourtesy of US Department of Agriculture16Nutritional LabelingThe Foods and Drug Administration (FDA) requires that food products be clearly labeledThe FDA regulates the language used in labelingThe FDA monitors health claims on food labels17Cooking Healthful Meals Use less fatUse unsaturated fatsEmphasize flavorUse freshest, highest-quality ingredientsStore foods properlyModify Portion sizeGive customer a healthful choiceTrain the dining room staffUse nutritional information18Clip art images may not be saved or downloaded and are only to be used for viewing purposes.Copyright ©2007 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.19