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Pirate attacks off the Horn of Africa constitute a threat to the lives and welfare of the citizens and seafarers of many nations. Nearly 12% of the world’s petroleum passes through the Gulf of Aden, which is one of the world’s most important waterways.
16 trang | Chia sẻ: huyhoang44 | Ngày: 30/03/2020 | Lượt xem: 817 | Lượt tải: 0
In December 2002, chapter XI of SOLAS was re-named to chapter XI-1 and a new chapter (Chapter XI-2) was added on special measures to enhance maritime security. Chapter XI-2 applies to passenger ships and cargo ships of 500 gross tonnages (gt) and upwards, including high speed craft, mobile offshore drilling units and port facilities, and ships se...
35 trang | Chia sẻ: huyhoang44 | Ngày: 30/03/2020 | Lượt xem: 960 | Lượt tải: 0
The 1969 Intervention Convention applied to casualties involving pollution by oil. In view of the increasing quantity of other substances, mainly chemical, carried by ships, some of which would, if released, cause serious hazard to the marine environment, the 1969 Brussels Conference recognized the need to extend the Convention to cover substances ...
12 trang | Chia sẻ: huyhoang44 | Ngày: 30/03/2020 | Lượt xem: 746 | Lượt tải: 0
The convention introduced a number of provisions. The most significant issues covered were setting limits, navigation, archipelagic status and transit regimes, Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs), continental shelf jurisdiction, deep seabed mining, the exploitation regime, protection of the marine environment, scientific research, and settlement of dis...
21 trang | Chia sẻ: huyhoang44 | Ngày: 30/03/2020 | Lượt xem: 846 | Lượt tải: 0
The Convention applies to all seagoing vessels actually carrying oil in bulk as cargo, but only ships carrying more than 2,000 tons of oil are required to maintain insurance in respect of oil pollution damage This does not apply to warships or other vessels owned or operated by a State and used for Government non-commercial service. The Conventi...
20 trang | Chia sẻ: huyhoang44 | Ngày: 30/03/2020 | Lượt xem: 971 | Lượt tải: 0
In 1967 the Torrey Canyon ran aground. 120,000 tons of crude oil lost. Biggest incident up to that time. Questions of measures for prevention. Existing compensation culture - limited. 1969 the IMO assembly decided to hold an international conference. 1973 conference held.
36 trang | Chia sẻ: huyhoang44 | Ngày: 30/03/2020 | Lượt xem: 732 | Lượt tải: 0
Garbage from ships can be just as deadly to marine life as oil and chemicals. The greatest danger comes from plastics which can float around for years. Fish and marine life can, in some cases, mistake plastics for food and can also become trapped in plastic ropes, bags and nets.
18 trang | Chia sẻ: huyhoang44 | Ngày: 30/03/2020 | Lượt xem: 908 | Lượt tải: 0
• Coastal waters especially are highly affected by pollution because they are: – Heavily used – Close to sources of pollution – Shallow-water bodies – Not as well circulated as the open ocean • Coastal pollution is made up of marine pollution and marine debris
53 trang | Chia sẻ: huyhoang44 | Ngày: 30/03/2020 | Lượt xem: 844 | Lượt tải: 0
It is one of the most important maritime safety measures and it is designed to find the causes of accidents so as to prevent similar accidents in future. The investigations will determine why, where and how accidents occur. The process provides us with unique, real life information on certain accidents from which we can make analysis.
25 trang | Chia sẻ: huyhoang44 | Ngày: 30/03/2020 | Lượt xem: 800 | Lượt tải: 0
The ILO adopted conventions on substandard ships form the labour point of view and it calls on administrations to have effective regulations on manning of ships. The ILO has also adopted the Maritime Labour Convention, 2006. This basis of this convention is to provide a level playing field with regard to seafarers’ employment standards.
23 trang | Chia sẻ: huyhoang44 | Ngày: 30/03/2020 | Lượt xem: 805 | Lượt tải: 0
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