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We can also specify realization contracts using collaboration interaction diagrams. Whenever the operation op1 is called, a component supporting this operation must invoke the operation op2 in some other component

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Common Intermediate Language • Cho phép xây dựng ứng dụng với ngôn ngữ bạn quen thuộc • Một ngôn ngữ chung cho nhiều hệ điều hành khác nhau

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Design patterns are widely used in the process of designing component-based systems in which the reusable units must be identified. By using design patterns, it is easier to recognize those reusable parts and either find them in the form of pre-existing components, or develop them as reusable units.

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Hiển thị nhiều hình vẽ đồ họa 2D cùng lúc Vẽ các nguồn điểm Đồ họa 3D Xây dựng input file một cách trực quan Hiển thị vết cảu hạt, tiết diện, kết quả của tally

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Examples include Windows, Linux  familiar interfaces facilitate portability  slower and less predictable than special purpose embedded OS  not optimized for real-time and embedded applications  require considerable modification to achieve adequate performance optimizes for the average case rather than the worst case for scheduling assigns ...

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A wide variety of access rights have been used by various systems often as a hierarchy, with each right implying those that precede it. None User may not know the existence of file by not allowing to read the user directory that includes this file Knowledge User can only determine that the file exists and who its owner is

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SCAN is biased against the area most recently traversed  does not exploit locality SCAN favors jobs whose requests are for tracks nearest to both innermost and outermost tracks and the latest-arriving jobs

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 Predictability of longer processes is reduced.  Need to know or estimate the required processing time for each process. Programmers may be required to supply an estimate for batch jobs. Statistics may be gathered for repeating jobs. If estimated processing time is not correct, OS may abort it.

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Determines where in real memory a process piece is to reside Important in a segmentation system such as best-fit, first-fit, and etc are possible alternatives Irrelevant for pure paging or combined paging with segmentation

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Next-fit Scans memory from the location of the last placement  More often allocate a free block at the end of memory where the largest block is found The largest block of free memory is quickly broken up into smaller blocks Compaction is required more frequently

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