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Quality management is particularly important for large, complex systems. The quality documentation is a record of progress and supports continuity of development as the development team changes. For smaller systems, quality management needs less documentation and should focus on establishing a quality culture.

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Estimates are made to discover the cost, to the developer, of producing a software system. You take into account, hardware, software, travel, training and effort costs. There is not a simple relationship between the development cost and the price charged to the customer. Broader organisational, economic, political and business considerations inf...

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When it significantly simplifies code without significant perfomance penalty When a method allocates large local arrays When a method unpredictably changes fields When iterative solutions is just as simple

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May be a team activities or based on the individual project manager’s experience. A checklist of common risks may be used to identify risks in a project Technology risks. People risks. Organisational risks. Requirements risks. Estimation risks.

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handling nested structures: processing directories within directories evaluating expressions within expressions handling branching processes: traversing a branching tree structure planning a move in a chess game tracking the sequence of method calls in a Java program

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Cross-cutting concerns are concerns whose implementation cuts across a number of program components. This results in problems when changes to the concern have to be made - the code to be changed is not localised but is in different places across the system. Cross cutting concerns lead to tangling and scattering.

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Each node has references to the next and previous nodes In the last node, next is null; in the first node, previous is null. Can be traversed backwards

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Given a stimulus, the system must produce a reaction or response within a specified time. Periodic stimuli. Stimuli which occur at predictable time intervals For example, a temperature sensor may be polled 10 times per second. Aperiodic stimuli. Stimuli which occur at unpredictable times For example, a system power failure may trigger an in...

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In a priority queue, items are processed NOT in order of arrival, but in order of priority. java.util: Queue interface PriorityQueue (implements Queue)

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Choose a “pivot” element. Partition the array so that all the values to the left of the pivot are smaller than or equal to it, and all the elements to the right of the pivot are greater than or equal to it. Sort (recursively) the left-of-the-pivot and right-of-the-pivot pieces.

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