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Current web services standards have been criticized as ‘heavyweight’ standards that are over-general and inefficient. REST (REpresentational State Transfer) is an architectural style based on transferring representations of resources from a server to a client. This style underlies the web as a whole and is simpler than SOAP/WSDL for implementin...

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Axiomatic semantics is a language for specifying what a program is supposed to do. Based on the idea of an assertion: An assertion is a predicate that describes the state of a program at a point in its execution. A postcondition is an assertion that states the program’s result. A precondition is an assertion that states what must be true before...

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In a distributed system, it is inevitable that failures will occur, so the system has to be designed to be resilient to these failures. “You know that you have a distributed system when the crash of a system that you’ve never heard of stops you getting any work done.” Distributed systems should include mechanisms for discovering if a component...

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Name the five methods of the MouseListener interface. Can a class implement MouseMotionListener but not MouseListener? What are the units and the origin for the coordinates returned by the MouseEvent’s getX and getY methods? How many methods does the KeyListener interface specify?

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A race condition occurs when the resulting value of a variable depends on the execution order of two or more threads. Ex: c = c + 1 Machine level: load c add 1 store c If c initially 0: With 2 threads, can get 1 or 2 With n threads, can get 1, 2, ., n

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Places components in a line as long as they fit, then starts the next line. Uses “best judgement” in spacing components. Centers by default. Lets each component assume its natural (preferred) size. Often used for placing buttons on panels.

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Apart from the benefits of reuse, CBSE is based on sound software engineering design principles: Components are independent so do not interfere with each other; Component implementations are hidden; Communication is through well-defined interfaces; Component platforms are shared and reduce development costs.

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GUI applications: Model-View-Controller design Embedded applications: cell phones car engines airplanes

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A graphics adapter in your computer is a raster device. VRAM (video RAM) contains the information about the colors of all pixels. The screen displays the contents of VRAM. To draw a shape, you need to set the exactly right set of pixels to the required colors. The number of pixels in the raster vertically and horizontally is called the device r...

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Application system reuse The whole of an application system may be reused either by incorporating it without change into other systems (COTS reuse) or by developing application families. Component reuse Components of an application from sub-systems to single objects may be reused. Covered in Chapter 17. Object and function reuse Software compo...

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