Tài liệu Sinh Học

Egg cell  plant embryo Ovules inside ovary  seeds Ripe ovary  fruit Fruit protects enclosed seed(s) Aids in dispersal by water, wind, or animals

33 trang | Chia sẻ: huyhoang44 | Ngày: 19/03/2020 | Lượt xem: 487 | Lượt tải: 0

Anatomy: the study of the biological form (STRUCTURE) of an organism Physiology: the study of the biological FUNCTIONS an organism performs Structure dictates function!

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Ingestion: eating Digestion: breakdown of food into small molecules Mechanical (chewing, grinding) Chemical (enzymes) Absorption: cells take up nutrients Elimination: pass undigested materials from digestive system

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The pacemaker is regulated by two portions of the nervous system: the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions The sympathetic division speeds up the pacemaker The parasympathetic division slows down the pacemaker The pacemaker is also regulated by hormones (epinephrine) and temperature

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Nose/mouth: filtered, warmed, humidified Pharynx Larynx: contains vocal cords Trachea: windpipe; lined with cartilage Bronchi: branches to lungs Bronchioles Alveoli: air sacs for gas exchange Mucus: traps particles Cilia: sweeps particles up to pharynx

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Antigen receptors are generated by random rearrangement of DNA As lymphocytes mature in bone marrow or the thymus, they are tested for self-reactivity Some B and T cells with receptors specific for the body’s own molecules are destroyed by apoptosis, or programmed cell death The remainder are rendered nonfunctional

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Proximal tubule: secretion & reabsorption change volume and composition of filtrate Bicarbonate, NaCl, water is absorbed Descending loop of Henle: reabsorb water Ascending loop of Henle: reabsorb salt Distal tubule: K+ and NaCl levels regulated Collecting duct: filtrate becomes more concentrated; minimize water loss

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Endocrine System = Hormone-secreting cells + Tissues Endocrine glands: ductless, secrete hormones directly into body fluids Hormones: chemical signals that cause a response in target cells (receptor proteins for specific hormones) Affects 1 tissue, a few, or most tissues in body Or affect other endocrine glands (tropic hormones) Regulation by ...

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Notochord – stiff dorsal skeletal rod, forms from mesoderm Neural plate  neural tube brain and spinal cord Neurulation – forms hollow dorsal nerve chord Somites – blocks of mesoderm arranged along notochord; sign of segmentation

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In 1952, Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase used bacteriophages to show that DNA is the genetic material of T2, a virus that infects the bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli). Bacteriophages (or phages for short) are viruses that infect bacterial cells. Phages were labeled with radioactive sulfur to detect proteins or radioactive phosphorus to detect...

113 trang | Chia sẻ: huyhoang44 | Ngày: 18/03/2020 | Lượt xem: 615 | Lượt tải: 0