Tài liệu Tâm Lý Học

Juvenile Delinquency Juvenile Delinquent: an adolescent who breaks the law or engages in behavior that is considered illegal Males more likely to engage in delinquency than females Rates among minority groups and lower-SES youth are especially high

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Eating Disorders Anorexia Nervosa: the relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation Three Main Characteristics: Weight less than 85% of what is considered normal for a person’s age and height An intense fear of gaining weight that does not decrease with weight loss Having a distorted image of their body shape 10 times more likely to occu...

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Social Cognition: thoughts about social matters Important for understanding peer relationships 5 steps in processing social information (Dodge) Decode social cues Interpret Search for a response Select an optimal response Enact

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Interpreting Differences in IQ Scores Influences of Genetics: Environmental Influences Group Differences Creating Culture-Fair

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Peer Relations Peer Group Function Provide a source of information and comparison about the world outside the family Necessary for normal socioemotional development Developmental Change Preference for same-sex playmates increases in early childhood Increase in overall frequency of peer interactions

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Information Processing How Accurate Are Young Children’s Long-Term Memories? There are age differences in children’s susceptibility to suggestion There are individual differences in susceptibility Interviewing techniques can produce substantial distortions in children’s reports about highly salient events

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The Family: Family is a constellation of subsystems The Transition to Parenthood Adjustment of parents during infant’s first years Infant care competes with parents’ other interests Overall increase in marital satisfaction Reciprocal socialization: two-way interaction process whereby parents socialize children and children socialize parents ...

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Language: a form of communication – whether spoken, written, or signed – that is based on a system of symbols. Consists of words used by a community and the rules for varying and combining them Infinite Generativity: the ability to produce an endless number of meaningful sentences using a finite set of words and rules

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Gross Motor Skills Development in the Second Year Toddlers become more skilled and mobile By 13-18 months, toddlers can pull a toy or climb stairs; by 18-24 months, toddlers can walk quickly, balance on their feet, walk backward and stand and kick a ball Even when motor activity is restricted, many infants reach motor milestones at a normal age

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Emotional and Psychological Adjustments Emotional fluctuations are common 70% of new mothers in the U.S. experience postpartum blues usually for 1-2 weeks Postpartum Depression Sadness, anxiety, and despair that lasts for two or more weeks Antidepressants, psychotherapy, and exercise are used as treatments Support by fathers is related to a l...

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