• Sinh học - Chapter 5: The working cellSinh học - Chapter 5: The working cell

    Bioluminescence is an example of the multitude of energy conversions that a cell can perform. Many of a cell’s reactions take place in organelles and use enzymes embedded in the membranes of these organelles. This chapter addresses how working cells use membranes, energy, and enzymes.

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  • Sinh học - Chapter 4: A tour of the cellSinh học - Chapter 4: A tour of the cell

    Magnification is the increase in the apparent size of an object. Resolution is a measure of the clarity of an image. In other words, it is the ability of an instrument to show two close objects as separate.

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  • Sinh học - Chapter 3: The molecules of cellsSinh học - Chapter 3: The molecules of cells

    Methane and other compounds composed of only carbon and hydrogen are called hydrocarbons. Carbon, with attached hydrogens, can bond together in chains of various lengths.

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  • Sinh học - Chapter 2: Chemical basis of lifeSinh học - Chapter 2: Chemical basis of life

    About 25 elements are essential to life. Four elements make up about 96% of the weight of most living organisms. These are oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen. Trace elements are essential but are only needed in minute quantities.

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  • Sinh học - Chapter 1: Biology: exploring lifeSinh học - Chapter 1: Biology: exploring life

    Organism—an individual living thing, Organ system—several organs that cooperate in a specific function, Organ—a structure that is composed of tissues and that provides a specific function for the organism, Tissues—a group of similar cells that perform a specific function, Cells—the fundamental unit of life,

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  • Môn Sinh học - Chapter 17: From gene to proteinMôn Sinh học - Chapter 17: From gene to protein

    In prokaryotes, translation of mRNA can begin before transcription has finished In a eukaryotic cell, the nuclear envelope separates transcription from translation Eukaryotic RNA transcripts are modified through RNA processing to yield the finished mRNA

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  • Môn Sinh học - Chapter 16: The molecular basis of inheritanceMôn Sinh học - Chapter 16: The molecular basis of inheritance

    When he mixed heat-killed remains of the pathogenic strain with living cells of the harmless strain, some living cells became pathogenic He called this phenomenon transformation, now defined as a change in genotype and phenotype due to assimilation of foreign DNA

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  • Sinh học - Chapter 013: Meiosis and sexual life cyclesSinh học - Chapter 013: Meiosis and sexual life cycles

    Human somatic cells (any cell other than a gamete) have 23 pairs of chromosomes A karyotype is an ordered display of the pairs of chromosomes from a cell The two chromosomes in each pair are called homologous chromosomes, or homologs Chromosomes in a homologous pair are the same length and shape and carry genes controlling the same inherited ch...

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  • Sinh học - Chapter 012: The cell cycleSinh học - Chapter 012: The cell cycle

    All the DNA in a cell constitutes the cell’s genome A genome can consist of a single DNA molecule (common in prokaryotic cells) or a number of DNA molecules (common in eukaryotic cells) DNA molecules in a cell are packaged into chromosomes

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  • Sinh học - Chapter 010: PhotosynthesisSinh học - Chapter 010: Photosynthesis

    Leaves are the major locations of photosynthesis Their green color is from chlorophyll, the green pigment within chloroplasts Chloroplasts are found mainly in cells of the mesophyll, the interior tissue of the leaf Each mesophyll cell contains 30–40 chloroplasts

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