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If diversification is to create shareholder value, it must meet three tests: 1. The Attractiveness Test: diversification must be directed towards attractive industries (or have the potential to become attractive). 2. The Cost of Entry Test : the cost of entry must not capitalize all future profits. 3. The Better-Off Test: either the new unit mus...
11 trang | Chia sẻ: huyhoang44 | Ngày: 21/03/2020 | Lượt xem: 733 | Lượt tải: 0
Extends and adapts traditional theory of comparative advantage to take account of three factors: International competitive advantage is about companies not countries—the role of the national environment is providing a home base for the company. Sustained competitive advantage depends upon dynamic factors-- innovation and the upgrading of resource...
28 trang | Chia sẻ: huyhoang44 | Ngày: 21/03/2020 | Lượt xem: 786 | Lượt tải: 0
Technical economies from integrating processes e.g. iron and steel production —but doesn’t necessarily require common ownership Superior coordination Avoids transactions costs of market contracts in situations where there are: -- small numbers of firms -- transaction-specific investments -- opportunism and strategic misrepresentation -...
12 trang | Chia sẻ: huyhoang44 | Ngày: 21/03/2020 | Lượt xem: 739 | Lượt tải: 0
Who are the strategic innovators? New entrants - CNN in news broadcasting - Nucor in the U.S. steel industry Existing firms on the periphery -Sun Records in rock ‘n roll music Firms from adjacent industries - Prudential Insurance in banking (Egg) Why not leading incumbents? They are constrained by “industry recipes,” relationships with ...
9 trang | Chia sẻ: huyhoang44 | Ngày: 21/03/2020 | Lượt xem: 644 | Lượt tải: 0
Patents —exclusive rights to a new product, process, substance or design. Copyrights —exclusive rights to artistic, dramatic, and musical works. Trademarks — exclusive rights to words, symbols or other marks to distinguish goods and services; trademarks are registered with the Patent Office. Trade Secrets — protection of chemical formulae, r...
20 trang | Chia sẻ: huyhoang44 | Ngày: 21/03/2020 | Lượt xem: 963 | Lượt tải: 0
Stages in undertaking multiple Scenario Analysis: Identify major forces driving industry change Predict possible impacts of each force on the industry environment Identify interactions between different external forces Among range of outcomes, identify 2-4 most likely/ most interesting scenarios: configurations of changes and outcomes Consider...
14 trang | Chia sẻ: huyhoang44 | Ngày: 21/03/2020 | Lượt xem: 803 | Lượt tải: 0
Key to successful differentiation is consistency of all aspects of the firm’s relationship with its customers. Product Integrity: the total balance of product features Internal integrity: consistency between function and structure External integrity: fit between the product and the customers’ objectives, values, lifestyle etc.
14 trang | Chia sẻ: huyhoang44 | Ngày: 21/03/2020 | Lượt xem: 1186 | Lượt tải: 0
$ billion Ford Mondeo/ Contour 6 GM Saturn 5 Ford Taurus (1996 model) 2.8 Ford Escort (new model 1996) 2 Renault Clio (1999 model) 1.3 Chrysler Neon 1.3 Honda Accord (1997 model) 0.6 BMW Mini 0.5 Rolls Royce Phantom (2003 model) 0.3
14 trang | Chia sẻ: huyhoang44 | Ngày: 21/03/2020 | Lượt xem: 1262 | Lượt tải: 0
None (efficient markets) Imperfect information availability Transactions costs Systematic behavioral trends Overshooting
9 trang | Chia sẻ: huyhoang44 | Ngày: 21/03/2020 | Lượt xem: 928 | Lượt tải: 0
Rational-legal authority Specialization of labor Hierarchical structure Coordination and control through rules and standard operating procedures Standardization employment practices Separation of jobs and people Formalization of administrative acts, decisions and rules
14 trang | Chia sẻ: huyhoang44 | Ngày: 21/03/2020 | Lượt xem: 678 | Lượt tải: 0
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