Tài liệu Khối Ngành Kinh Tế

Steps in the NPV method 1. Identify the amount and time period of each cash flow associated with a potential investment 2. Discount the cash flows to their present values using a required rate of return 3. Evaluate the net present value, which is the sum of the present value of all cash inflows and outflows

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Some examples of performance measures that will drive managers to improve customer profitability Percent of customers who are not profitable Dollar loss for customers who are not profitable Average profit per customer Number of customer service requests per 100 customers Percent of customers who return items Dollar value of returned items

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Joint costs not relevant to decisions made after the split-off point because they are not incremental Joint costs incurred prior to the split-off point are sunk costs and have no effect on what happens after the split-off point

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Power Electronics uses two cost pools Equipment setups Total estimated cost $1,500,000 Estimated setups 10,000 Inspections Total estimated cost $3,000,000 Estimated inspections 15,000 Calculate the cost per driver unit for each pool Equipment setups $1,500,000 / 10,000 = $150 per setup Inspections $3,000,000 / 15,000 = $200 per inspection

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The only difference between full and variable costing is their treatment of fixed manufacturing overhead Under full costing, fixed manufacturing overhead is included in inventory These costs enter into the determination of expense only when the inventory is sold Under variable costing, fixed manufacturing overhead becomes a period expense

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Discretionary fixed costs Management can easily change, e.g. advertising, research & development Many companies cut back on these costs when sales drop. This can be shortsighted. A cut in research & development can have a negative effect on long run profitability A cut in repair and maintenance can have a negative effect on the life of valuable...

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Manufacturing operations typically pass through two or more departments Costs are accumulated in each department Easy to identify when materials are added Harder to identify when labor and overhead are added Often grouped together as conversion costs Assumed to be added evenly throughout the process

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Manufacturing companies use product costs to prepare financial statements and for managerial decisions Often the cost information needed is different for the two purposes Decision making relies on incremental analysis – an analysis of the revenues and expenses that will actually increase or decrease as a result of the decision You will need to s...

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Direct and indirect costs Direct costs are directly traceable to a product, activity, or department, indirect costs are not traceable Controllable and non-controllable costs A manager can influence controllable costs but cannot influence non- controllable costs

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Managers prepare reports related to short-run decisions throughout the management cycle Develop budgets that show estimated costs and revenues related to alternative courses of action Compile analyses of data that support their decisions

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