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A Function is used to make calculations and return a value to a cell or range of cells A macro is used to automate tasks, for example: Copy value or formula from one cell to another cell Change formats Display messages Macros (also called Subroutines) are also written in modules and have a similar structure as functions Sub macroname () exec...
20 trang | Chia sẻ: huyhoang44 | Ngày: 27/03/2020 | Lượt xem: 562 | Lượt tải: 0
the following function turns an array of “c” columns of n prices (in ascending chronological order) into an array of n-1 returns, Function prices2returns2(prices As Range) 'returns range contains returns for n-assets in n-columns Dim matrix() c = prices.Columns.Count r = prices.Rows.Count -1 ReDim matrix(r, c) For i = 1 To r For j = 1...
29 trang | Chia sẻ: huyhoang44 | Ngày: 27/03/2020 | Lượt xem: 589 | Lượt tải: 0
Find optimal complete portfolios for complete portfolio volatility of 9%, 18%, and 27% Complete (or combined) portfolios may combine risky assets with risk-free assets and borrowing 18%: Envelope Portfolio: Contains SPY, EFA, EEM 9:%: ORP + Rf: Contains SPY, EFA, EEM, and Rf 27%: OBP + Rb: Contains SPY, EFA, EEM, and -Rb
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Multiplication of Matrices Matrix A can be multiplied by Matrix B (written AxB or AB), if the number of columns of A equals the number of rows in Matrix B. (inside dimensions (rC*Rc) The resulting matrix has the same number of rows as the first matrix and the number of columns as the second matrix (outside dimensions Rc*rC) If the outer dimensio...
28 trang | Chia sẻ: huyhoang44 | Ngày: 27/03/2020 | Lượt xem: 570 | Lượt tải: 0
This course will always use population variance (VARP) and population standard deviation (STDEVP) statistics for all lectures, assignments and exams. Sample statistics should be used when dealing with small samples in the real world. The only difference is that the sample statistics compute the average squared deviation by dividing the sum of squar...
26 trang | Chia sẻ: huyhoang44 | Ngày: 27/03/2020 | Lượt xem: 560 | Lượt tải: 0
Advantages Higher r-squared (explains more historical return) Accounts for historical correlations between returns and firm size and book/market ratio Disadvantages Not sure why firm size and book/market matter More model risk: Must now estimate 3 betas and 3 premiums FF3F may be preferable to CAPM if you believe that the small firm and book ...
26 trang | Chia sẻ: huyhoang44 | Ngày: 27/03/2020 | Lượt xem: 548 | Lượt tải: 0
If there were no risk-free asset, you would choose one of the envelope portfolios based on your risk-return preferences Consider what happens once we add a risk-free asset. Combining the risk-free asset with one particular portfolio of risky securities generates a new efficient frontier which is linear. This is called the Capital Allocation Lin...
24 trang | Chia sẻ: huyhoang44 | Ngày: 27/03/2020 | Lượt xem: 582 | Lượt tải: 0
1. Assume that a global portfolio has an expected return of 8% and standard deviation of 16%. domestic portfolio has an expected return of 6% and standard deviation of 14%. The risk free rate of return is 1%. What is the global volatility improvement (reduction in standard deviation) if an investor desires a 4% expected return? What are the portfol...
12 trang | Chia sẻ: huyhoang44 | Ngày: 27/03/2020 | Lượt xem: 746 | Lượt tải: 0
Improvements shown in the example are due to the historical Sharpe values which show that the global portfolio has had a better excess return/risk ratio over that period (2003-2010) This may not always hold for individual years or longer periods of time However, many financial advisors and financial research suggest that a portfolio should includ...
23 trang | Chia sẻ: huyhoang44 | Ngày: 27/03/2020 | Lượt xem: 523 | Lượt tải: 0
GDRs are similar to ADRs but differ in that they are generally traded on two or more markets outside of the foreign issuer’s home market sold in the U.S. through private placement market (Under Rule 144A) to qualified institutional buyers Allow foreign companies to raise capital in multiple markets and broaden their investor base As of 2001...
20 trang | Chia sẻ: huyhoang44 | Ngày: 27/03/2020 | Lượt xem: 529 | Lượt tải: 0
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