Tài liệu Khối Ngành Kinh Tế

Better price Quality Performance Delivery Responsiveness to customer demand

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Intranet = an internal communications system that uses the technology and standards of the Internet but is accessible only to people within the organization Extranet = external communicati0ns system that uses the Internet and is shared by two or more organizations

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Top-down budgeting Middle and lower-level managers set departmental budget targets Done in accordance with overall company revenues and expenditures specified by top management Bottom-up budgeting Lower-level managers budget their departments’ resource needs Pass up to top management for approval

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Vertical - composed of a manager and subordinates, sometimes called functional or command teams. Horizontal - composed of employees from the same hierarchical level but from different areas of expertise. Special-Purpose - created outside the formal organization for special projects and disband once project is completed.

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Process by which information is exchanged and understood by two or more people, usually with the intent to motivate or influence behavior Manager = 80% every working day in direct communication with others – 48 min/hour Manager = 20% every work day in communication in the form of reading and writing -12 min/hour

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Need for Achievement desire to accomplish something difficult, master complex tasks, and surpass others Need for Affiliation desire to form close personal relationships, avoid conflict, and establish warm friendships Need for Power desire to influence or control others

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Consideration: - people-oriented behavior Is mindful of subordinates Establishes mutual trust Provides open communication Develops teamwork Initiating Structure: task-oriented behavior Directs subordinate work activities toward goal attainment Typically gives instructions, spends time planning, and emphasizes deadlines Provides explicit sch...

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Work behavior that goes beyond job requirements and contributes as needed to the organization’s success Being helpful to coworkers and customers Doing extra work when necessary Looking for ways to improve products & procedures

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Ethnocentrism = belief that one’s own group or subculture is inherently superior to other groups or cultures Enthnorelativism = belief that groups and subcultures are inherently equal Pluralism = an organization accommodates several subcultures

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Human Capital = economic value of the knowledge, experience, skills, and capabilities of employees IHRM = addresses the complexity that results from recruiting, selecting, developing, and maintaining a diverse workforce on a global scale

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