Tài liệu Khối Ngành Kinh Tế

The purpose of wire services is to provide newspapers with reporters and geographical coverage that newspapers couldn’t otherwise afford. Wire correspondents cover stories, then file them with a local bureau; if the story is important enough, it gets bumped up to the state level, perhaps then to a regional bureau, or even to a national or global b...

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Movie interest surges when they “tell a story.” First movies are filmed with a stationery camera, much like watching a stage production. The Great Train Robbery is the first film to use roving camera angles and film editing techniques. New 50-90 seat theaters, called Nickelodeons, meet rising demand for story-based films, charging 5 cents admiss...

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Always facing roller coaster profitability, the industry gets help from several major trends: 1960s: new music energy reflects social experimentation and freedom of the times 1970s: disco, big name artists, and intro of CDs 1980s: debut of music videos and MTV 1990s: strong new sounds, such as hip hop, rap

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The Depression: 1930-1940 Industry avoids bad times, thrives by becoming an inexpensive escapist outlet for national audiences. Roosevelt creates FCC in 1934 to regulate entire electromagnetic spectrum. Seven-member board governs national resource. Birth of FM Invented mid 1930s, FM is curtailed by WW II, later by TV. Radio Programs Progra...

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Hand copied and lavishly decorated Expensive and time consuming to make (1 year avg.) Johann Gutenberg’s invention of moveable type in 1455 allows books to be mass produced Printing spreads rapidly throughout Europe; helps foster Protestant Reformation

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The big change in magazines during this time was a move toward content specialization, giving rise to three new genres: the digest, as in Readers Digest the news weekly, as in Time the pictorial magazine, as in Life and Look

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The Federalists Debates: What is the rightful role and powers limits of the Federal Government? First Amendment: Bill of Rights ratified in1791; guarantees freedom of the press Newspaper numbers grow rapidly: expensive (six cents) and still targeted to affluent, merchant class

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Two approaches: Graphic symbols representing objects Chinese pictographs Egyptian hieroglyphics Abstract symbols (alphabet) for ideas/sounds Phoenician 24-character alphabet Roman-modified 26-character alphabet

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Decoding may require one or more stages Receiver may be an individual or group; may or may not be easy to identify Receivers can be selected for a message or they can self-select themselves Feedback can be immediate or delayed (but never as abundant as interpersonal)

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Heavy TV viewing cultivates perceptions of reality consistent with the view of the world presented on TV. Methodology Research findings Mainstreaming Resonance Criticisms of cultivation analysis Determining cause and effect Factors other than TV may affect people Wording of questions on surveys

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